Imported Falciparum Malaria: A case series in a tertiary hospital.

INTRODUCTION: Malaysia declared its intent to eliminate malaria by 2020, with a phased goal of achieving zero local transmission. Nonetheless, Malaysia is highl susceptible to malaria importation due to geographical proximity to high-burden countries e.g. Thailand, Myanmar and high influx of foreign workers and students from Asia and Africa. CASE SERIES: We accumulated all malaria cases diagnosed in a tertiary hospital within a period of two years. Three cases were reported, where all of the patients were foreigners with recent travel history to African countries. All of them were infected by P. falciparum, responded to treatment and discharged well. DISCUSSION: This case series highlighted the importance of acquiring recent travel history during history taking and having a high index of suspicions on malaria when dealing with feverish patients originated particularly from African countries.

Developing novel anthelmintics: the stability of cysteine proteinase activity in a supernatant extract of papaya latex.

Plant derived cysteine proteinases (CPs) have long been known to possess anthelmintic properties but have attracted renewed attention recently because of the acute need to discover novel methods for controlling helminth infections as a result of increasing drug resistance. However, surprisingly little is known about the stability of these proteins under typical storage and in vivo exposure conditions. We found that CPs in a supernatant preparation from papaya latex (PLS) were stable during the initial refinement process and when stored under low temperatures, but lost activity during dialysis and within 7 days of storage when kept at ambient temperature (18-20 °C). The enzyme activity in PLS was not affected by repeated freeze-thaw cycles and was also stable under typical in vitro assay conditions at 37 °C used for quantifying effects on helminths. Active enzyme activity was still detectable in the colon 3-4 h after oral administration in rodent models.