[Scientific and practical contribution of professor M.F. Tsytovich in the development of domestic otorhinolaryngology (to the 150th anniversary from his birth)]. / Nauchno-prakticheskii vklad professora M.F. Tsytovicha v razvitie otechestvennoi otorinolaringologii (k 150-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya).

The article presents biographical information about Professor M.F. Tsytovich, reflecting his scientific and practical contribution to the formation and development of domestic otorhinolaryngology, to the training of scientific and pedagogical personnel, as well as characterizing his social activities in the first half of the twentieth century.

[The application of the computer technologies for the mathematical simulation of the ethmoidal labyrinth]. / Komp'iuternye tekhnologii dlia matematicheskogo modelirovaniia reshetchatogo labirinta.

The objective of the present work was to study the relationship between the dimensions of the ethmoidal labyrinth and the skull in the subjects differing in the nose shape by means of the factorial and correlation analysis with the application of the modern computer-assisted methods for the three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull. We developed an original method for computed craniometry with the use the original program that made it possible to determine the standard intravital craniometrics characteristics of the human skull with a high degree of accuracy based on the results of analysis of 200 computed tomograms of the head. It was shown that the length of the inferior turbinated bones and the posterior edge of the orbital plate is of special relevance for practically all parameters of the ethmoidal labyrinth. Also, the width of the choanae positively relates to the height of the ethmoidal labyrinth.

[Mediafixation of the vocal cord through the external approach in the patients presenting with unilateral laryngeal paralysis].

The objective of the present work was to develop a method for the modification of the vocal cord during the treatment of the patients presenting with unilateral laryngeal paralysis taking into consideration individual peculiarities of stereotopometric characteristics of the larynx in the subjects of different gender, neck structure, and body constitution. The earlier proposed method of laryngostereotopometry was employed in this study. The following body features were measured prior to surgery: the total length, acromial diameter, chest circumference, neck length and circumference; the degree of the fissure of glottis closure was measured by transnasal fibrolaryngoscopy. The transplant was cut out of the quadrangular cartilage of the nasal septum in the form of a prism having the base shaped as an isosceles triangle with the base equal to the width of the fissure of glottis; the vertical and horizontal sizes of the transplant were calculated from the formulas of multiple linear regression analysis. The autotransplant was introduced through the "window" in the plate of the shield-like cartilage between its internal perichondrium and the thyroarytenoid muscle of the arytenoid cartilage of the paralysed vocal cord in the horizontal direction in front of the site of attachment of the vocal cord of arytenoids cartilage up to the projection of the anterior commissure with fixation to the shield-like cartilage by a ligature.

[The clinical study of tympanic membrane mobility with the use of the autodyne technique].

AIM OF THE STUDY: to estimate the possibility of application of the autodyne method for the detection of nano-displacements of the tympanic membrane and diagnostics of ear diseases. METHODS: nano-displacements of the tympanic membrane were revealed with the use of the original laser-assisted autodyne technique for the measurement of nano-vibrations. The majority of the measurements were performed in the free auditory field. A total of 182 patients allocated to 7 groups depending on the form of hearing disturbances or their absence were involved in the study. RESULTS: the values of nano-displacement of the tympanic membrane at different levels of acoustic pressure have been obtained for otologically healthy individuals. The age dependence of this parameter was investigated in the absence of otological pathology. Similar studies were carried out in different groups of patients with the diseases of the middle and internal ears. The mobility of the tympanic membrane was shown to be significantly altered in the presence of adhesive events in the middle ear and pathological changes in the Eustachian tube. The possibilities of the clinical application of the proposed method have been estimated.

[The use of laser Doppler flowmetry for the estimation of the influence of intranasal medications on microcirculation in nasal cavity mucosa].

AIM OF THE STUDY: to investigate the influence of various intranasal medications on the microcirculatory bed in nasal cavity mucosa using the original method of laser Doppler flowmetry. METHODS: this comprehensive study of the influence of intranasal medicines on nasal cavity mucosa using laser Doppler flowmetry was designed to evaluate the mucociliary clearance, breathing efficiency of the nose, and subjective symptoms of its impairment. The outcomes of a single application of intranasal medications were estimated in 90 rhinologically healthy subjects; in 15 of them, the micrcirculatory blood flow in the nasal cavity was investigated in the early postoperative period with the use of intranasal decongestants and irrigation products. RESULTS: this study has demonstrated the relationship between the changes in the microcirculatory bed and the application of intranasal medications acting on nasal mucosa. Moreover, these agents were shown to affect intranasal mucosa and its microcirculatory bed following rhinological surgical interventions. Tachyphylaxis of the microcirculatory bed after the administration of the decongestants developed earlier than previously thought. At the came time, irrigation therapy exerted the beneficial effect on the state of the intranasal microcirculatory bed in the postoperative period.

[A method for the correction of the length of the T-shaped tube in the treatment of patients presenting with chronic laryngeal stenosis].

A method for the selection of the length of the T-shaped tube is proposed for the treatment of patients with chronic laryngeal stenosis. The method includes measurements of the patient's body length, acromial diameter, circumference of the thoracic cage, the length and circumference of the neck and calculation of the lengths of the cranial, caudal, and extratracheal parts of the laryngo-tracheal tube by the formulas of multiple linear regression. The original method for stereotopometry of the larynx developed by the authors was used to determine the three-dimensional location of the larynx at the desired point of the system of coordinates and to obtain the topometric characteristic of its localization in adult subjects of different body constitution types, neck shape and length. Preliminary simulation of the T-shaped tube taking into consideration the patient's somatotype makes it possible to reduce the frequency of surgical interventions, rationalize their sequence, and increase the efficacy of rehabilitation of the patients.

[Potentialities of autofluorescent spectroscopy in diagnosis of laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors].

Laryngeal and pharyngeal mucosa of 50 patients with malignant (n=56%) and benign (n=44%) laryngeal and pharyngeal tumors was examined with autofluorescent spectroscopy using nitrogen laser LGI-505 (337,1 nm). It was found that autofluorescent spectrum of malignant tumors is significantly less intensive than relevant spectrum of healthy mucosa and benign tumors.

[Surgical treatment of middle laryngostenoses of paralytic etiology via extralaryngeal approach].

A method of treatment of middle laryngostenosis of paralytic etiology with laterofixation of the vocal fold is proposed. The technique includes an extralaryngeal approach to the thyroid cartilage plate from the front, subpericartilaginous resection of the vocal process of the arytenoids cartilage with dissection of the internal cricothyroid muscle and most of the thyroarytenoid muscle; placement of a part of the autocartilage under the anterior third of the vocal fold; divertion of the elastic cone with the vocal fold by ligation and tightening ligatures on the autotransplant put on the plate of the thyroid cartilage. Laryngostereotopometry used by the authors allows three-dimensional localization of the necessary point in the larynx and its topometric characteristics of its position in persons with different figure and form of the neck.

[Clinico-anatomic rationale of chondroplastic laterofixation of the vocal cordin the treatment of median laryngostenoses].

Stereotopometry used in morphology for imaging three-dimentional organ structure is applied to study individual changeability and spatial relationships of laryngeal structures in adults depending on the type of constitution and form of the neck. Fifty preparations from male corpses with three types of constitution were studied. An original stereotopometer able to localize 106 points on external and internal laryngeal samples to each of three coordinate planes was introduced. The coordinates of certain points were pooled in variational series for characteristics of which the following parameters were determined: arithmetic middling (X), error in arithmetic middling (m), standard deviation (S), correlation coefficient (r). To characterize a constitution type and form of the neck, the following measures were used: length of the body, acromial diameter, chest perimeter, anterior length of the neck, cervical circumference. Morphometric data obtained were investigated with paired correlation analysis. The studies show a definite correlation between spatial relation of laryngeal structures and constitutional type and shape of the neck. This is essential in choice of reconstructive laryngoplasty regarding anthropometric data.

[Individual characteristics of the shape and structure of the nasopharynx related to structural characteristics of the base of the skull and facial skeleton in children].

Examination of 60 skulls of the children aged 1 to 16 years has established that the size of the choanae determines width and height of the nasopharynx while width of the choanae correlates (r=0.8) with the distance between the inferior turbinated bones. There is also a significant correlation between the shape of the facial vault and the vault flexure.

[Changes in platelet function in children with acute or chronic tonsillitis]. / Izmeneniia funktsional'noi aktivnosti trombotsitov pri khronicheskom tonzillite i angine u detei.

Children with a compensated or uncompensated form of acute or chronic tonsillitis demonstrate high platelet aggregation resultant in faster formation of platelet aggregates, an increased maximum size of these aggregates, faster achievement of the maximum platelet aggregation. Local drug therapy, combined drug + ultrasound and laser therapy failed to normalize platelet aggregation. The best effect on platelet aggregation was obtained in combined treatment with ultrasound and laser.