RESUMO
During June 2022, Spain was one of the countries most affected worldwide by a multicountry monkeypox outbreak with chains of transmission without identified links to disease-endemic countries. We provide epidemiologic features of cases reported in Spain and the coordinated measures taken to respond to this outbreak.
Assuntos
Mpox , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Mpox/epidemiologia , Monkeypox virus , Espanha/epidemiologiaRESUMO
We measured COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection at primary care/outpatient level among adults ≥ 65 years old using a multicentre test-negative design in eight European countries. We included 592 SARS-CoV-2 cases and 4,372 test-negative controls in the main analysis. The VE was 62% (95% CI: 45-74) for one dose only and 89% (95% CI: 79-94) for complete vaccination. COVID-19 vaccines provide good protection against COVID-19 presentation at primary care/outpatient level, particularly among fully vaccinated individuals.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Adulto , Idoso , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Sentinel surveillance is used to monitor health problems. The COVID detection strategy conducts universal surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can be monitored by sentinel systems, through surveillance of mild acute respiratory infection (IRA) or severe respiratory infection (IRAG). The objective of this study was to compare incidence data obtained through sentinel surveillance against versus universal surveillance in acute respiratory infections. METHODS: A descriptive study of the incidences (cases/100,000 inhabitants) of acute respiratory infection (sudden onset of cough, sore throat, dyspnea or runny nose and clinical judgment of infection) was carried out in the entire population of La Rioja recorded in the primary care medical record, and in a sentinel cohort, by age and sex during the period from weeks 40-2021 to 06-2022. For SARI, the total number of hospitalized cases per 100,000 inhabitants with onset of symptoms in the previous ten days was calculated, as well as the incidence in a systematic selection of all SARI hospitalized one day a week. Weekly incidence rates were calculated in each cohort from week forty of 2021 to week six of 2022 by sex and age group. The characteristics of the population were expressed in their distribution by number and percentage. RESULTS: The data observed for ARI were similar in both systems by sex and age, except for the zero to four-year-old group and the group over seventy-nine years of age, where differences were observed, with the highest ARI figures in the first age group in sentinel surveillance, while in the older group they were superior in universal surveillance. SARIs showed a similar incidence, except in the fifteen/fourty-four age groups, which was higher in universal surveillance than in sentinel surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: There are no significant differences. Sentinel surveillance allows optimization of resources, being the most efficient methods for surveillance of high-incidence diseases.
OBJETIVO: La vigilancia centinela se emplea para monitorizar problemas de salud. En la Estrategia de detección de COVID se lleva a cabo vigilancia universal de infección por SARS-CoV-2, que puede pasar a monitorización mediante sistemas centinela, a través de vigilancia de infección respiratoria aguda leve (IRA) o grave (IRAG). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar datos de incidencia obtenidos mediante vigilancia centinela frente a vigilancia universal en las infecciones respiratorias agudas. METODOS: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las incidencias (casos por cada 100.000 habitantes) de infección respiratoria aguda (comienzo súbito de tos, dolor de garganta, disnea o rinorrea y juicio clínico de infección) en toda la población de La Rioja, registrados en la historia clínica de Atención Primaria, y en una cohorte centinela, por edad y sexo durante el periodo que incluye la semana 40-2021 hasta la 06-2022. Para IRAG se calcularon los casos hospitalizados totales por cada 100.000 habitantes con inicio de síntomas en los diez días previos, así como la incidencia en una selección sistemática de todos los IRAG hospitalizados un día a la semana. Se calcularon las tasas de incidencia semanales en cada cohorte desde la semana cuarenta del año 2021 a la semana seis del año 2022 por sexo y grupo de edad. Las características de la población se expresaron en su distribución por número y porcentaje. RESULTADOS: Los datos observados para IRA fueron similares en ambos sistemas por sexo y edad, salvo para el grupo de cero a cuatro años y el de más de setenta y nueve años, donde se observaron diferencias, siendo las cifras de IRA más elevadas en el primer grupo de edad en la vigilancia centinela, mientras que en el grupo de mayores fueron superiores en la vigilancia universal. Las IRAG mostraron una incidencia similar, excepto en los grupos de edad de quince a cuarenta y cuatro años, que fue mayor en vigilancia universal que en el centinela. CONCLUSIONES: No se observan diferencias importantes. La vigilancia centinela permite optimización de recursos, siendo los métodos más eficientes para vigilancia de enfermedades de alta incidencia.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Faringite , Infecções Respiratórias , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Espanha/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND. The aim of this study has been to analyze the development of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009 in La Rioja autonomous (cases in primary healthcare and cases hospitalized). METHODS. We have included all cases with 2009 H1N1 influenza from week 28-2009 to 3-2010. The main information was collected through Primary Healthcare databases (OMI), lists of Preventive Medicine Hospital Departments, reference laboratory and individual standardized forms. This information was analyzed and described according to week, sex, age, comorbidities, clinical development and medical complication. We explore the association of to antiviral treatment and risk factors. This association was assessed using odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Adjustment for confounders was performed using unconditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS. From 29-2009 week to 3-2010 week, a total of 7096 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) cases were notified from Primary Healthcare and 111 laboratory confirmed severe cases were admitted to hospital. Five cases were admitted to an ICU (4,5%) and 2 cases died. All this patients had comorbidities. None of children and pregnant female were admitted to an ICU. CONCLUSIONS. Children and young person have been population with more cases of pandemic influenza (H1N1) 2009. Clinical evolution of pandemic in the majority cases in La Rioja, has been mild.