RESUMO
Background: Breast is a symbol of femininity, motherhood and sexuality. Breast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide and most frequent cancer in Italy: in 2019, 53.500 new cases were diagnosed. BC and its treatment, the disturbances of body image, and mental health problems such as anxiety and depression could influence sexuality. Very often the aspect of sexuality in BC is likely not to be fully investigated: cultural barriers may also contribute to lack of attention to these issues. In Italy, there are very few Breast Units that provide the figure of the sexologist and psycho-oncologist. Methods: We enlisted 141 BC patients (pts), mean age was 54 years afferent to Breast Unit S. Maria Goretti Hospital, Latina, from March 2019 to March 2020. All pts had undergone surgical intervention. Participants were invited to complete a structured questionnaire, which included four close-up questions regarding self-image, sexual activity, sexual satisfaction, analyzing these aspects before and after BC and its treatments. Finally the participants were asked if they needed the sexologist and psycho-oncologist. Results: Only 2/141 pts (1.41%) refused to participate in our study. Of 139 participants, 68 (48.92%) had disturbances of body image, 26 (18.7%) had sexuality greatly negatively affected, and 103 (74.1%) every kind of sexual dissatisfaction after BC. 38 pts (27.3%) would require the help of the sexologist. 135 ( 97%) would require the help of the psycho-oncologist. Despite the negative influence in their body-image and sexuality, few pts require the help of the sexologist, but nearly all pts require the help of the psycho-oncologist. Conclusion: In our study nearly all pts require the help of the psycho-oncologist, but few pts of the sexologist. Further studies will be needed to understand the reasons for this disparity: at the moment we are carrying out another project following this illustration, with the aim of understanding why this disparity.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Neoplasias da Mama/complicações , Cicatriz , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Sexualidade/psicologiaRESUMO
Recently, a strong correlation between metabolic disorders, tumor onset, and progression has been demonstrated, directing new therapeutic strategies on metabolic targets. OLR1 gene encodes the LOX-1 receptor protein, responsible for the recognition, binding, and internalization of ox-LDL. In the past, several studied, aimed to clarify the role of LOX-1 receptor in atherosclerosis, shed light on its role in the stimulation of the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and pro-angiogenic proteins, including NF-kB and VEGF, in vascular endothelial cells and macrophages. In recent years, LOX-1 upregulation in different tumors evidenced its involvement in cancer onset, progression and metastasis. In this review, we outline the role of LOX-1 in tumor spreading and metastasis, evidencing its function in VEGF induction, HIF-1alpha activation, and MMP-9/MMP-2 expression, pushing up the neoangiogenic and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in glioblastoma, osteosarcoma prostate, colon, breast, lung, and pancreatic tumors. Moreover, our studies contributed to evidence its role in interacting with WNT/APC/ß-catenin axis, highlighting new pathways in sporadic colon cancer onset. The application of volatilome analysis in high expressing LOX-1 tumor-bearing mice correlates with the tumor evolution, suggesting a closed link between LOX-1 upregulation and metabolic changes in individual volatile compounds and thus providing a viable method for a simple, non-invasive alternative monitoring of tumor progression. These findings underline the role of LOX-1 as regulator of tumor progression, migration, invasion, metastasis formation, and tumor-related neo-angiogenesis, proposing this receptor as a promising therapeutic target and thus enhancing current antineoplastic strategies.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias/genética , Receptores Depuradores Classe E/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Masculino , CamundongosRESUMO
A thermostatic control for a tungsten incadescent lamp is described. The circuit employs an operational amplifier feedback circuit to adjust the filament current and thereby achieve a constant filament temperature. The filament temperature is adjustable over a wide range by adjusting a potentimeter. Since the calibration of the thermostat does not, in principle, require temperature or radiometric measurements, the design may be useful in setting up a primary radiometric standard.
RESUMO
A macromolecule binding 3H-methylcholanthrene (3H-MCA) and 3H-benzo(a)pyrene (3H-BaP) and sedimenting in the 4-5 S region of sucrose gradient (4.5 S) was identified in rat liver cytosol. The binding was displaced by 100-fold molar excess unlabeled ligands whereas 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was ineffective. The dissociation constant for both polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was of the order of 10(-8) M or lower. Both 3H-MCA and 3H-BaP bound to 4.5 S in a non covalent manner, since 92% of the bound radioactivity was extractable with ethyl ether. Furthermore the binding was strongly reduced by urea 8 M and by guanidine. HCl 4 M (99 and 70% respectively). Thin layer chromatography of the ethyl ether-solubilized radioactivity showed a peak comigrating with PAHs used as standards. When chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, 4.5 S was eluted as a sharp peak with an apparent molecular weight of 50-60,000 daltons. Enzyme treatment of liver cytosol showed that the 4.5 S binding sites were destroyed by micrococcal nuclease (92% of inhibition). Papain and phosphodiesterase I and II reduced the binding to 50%, whereas DNase I, DNase II, RNase, phospholipase A2 and C and trypsin were ineffective. These data suggest that the PAHs binding macromolecule of rat liver cytosol is a protein associated with a polynucleotide. The binding of both PAHs was enhanced by increasing the incubation temperature, the maximum being reached after 20-30 min at 37 degrees C. After 2.5 min at 65 degrees C, binding sites were completely destroyed. The same temperature-induced "activation" was obtained also by prewarming the cytosol at 37 degrees C in the absence of ligands.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/análise , Nucleoproteínas/metabolismo , Compostos Policíclicos/metabolismo , Temperatura , Animais , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Cromatografia em Gel , Citosol/análise , Feminino , Metilcolantreno/metabolismo , Nucleoproteínas/análise , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , TrítioRESUMO
DBA/2N is a genetically non responsive inbred strain of mice in which administration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) does not induce microsomal monooxygenase activity. DBA/2N mouse liver cytosol contains a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-binding protein that sediments, in a sucrose gradient, at 4S ("4S" PAH-BP). Its binding kinetic and physicochemical properties indicate that this protein is practically indistinguishable from the "4S" PAH-BP identified and characterized in liver cytosol of rats and other PAH responsive rodents including C57 B1/6J mice. "4S" PAH-BP was purified to homogeneity from DBA/2N mouse liver by ammonium sulfate fractionation of the cytosol, followed by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and, finally, affinity chromatography using 1-aminopyrene-Sepharose 6B. This procedure yielded about 50 micrograms of protein from 50-60 g of mouse liver, with a recovery of 18%. "4S" PAH-BP as a complex with 3H-(benzo-a-pyrene) was more than 99% pure. A single band was seen on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non denaturing conditions. H-BaP comigrated with the protein band. 3H-BaP bound to the protein was displaced by PAHs with a specificity identical to that obtained using crude cytosol. On electrophoresis in SDS gels, the purified protein migrated as a single protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 40,000.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/isolamento & purificação , Fígado/análise , Animais , Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Ligação Competitiva , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Centrifugação com Gradiente de Concentração , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Citosol/análise , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBARESUMO
Rodent liver cytosol and other biological systems contain two proteins that bind polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a non covalent manner and that sediment at a different rate when centrifuged on sucrose gradient. The role of the smaller protein ("4S" PAH-BP) was studied. When DBA/2N mouse liver homogenate was incubated with 3H-BaP, most of the radioactivity was found in the microsomal subcellular fraction. The cytosol binding activity apparently decreased but reincubation of the cytosol with the radioactive ligand completely restored "4S" PAH-BP activity. The microsomal uptake of 3H-BaP can be studied in a reconstituted system in which microsomes are incubated with radioactive benzo(a)pyrene in the presence of crude cytosol. In these conditions the microsomal uptake rate of 3H-BaP increased with the temperature and at 37 degrees C ten minutes were required to reach the plateau. When cytosol was substituted by HEDG buffer, the amount of radioactivity found in the microsomes decreased drastically. 0.2 microM was the benzo(a)pyrene concentration required to saturate the microsomes. When microsomes were incubated with ammonium sulfate cytosolic fractions or with homogeneously purified "4S" PAH-BP, the 3H-BaP uptake was restored and reached the maximum with 3 micrograms/ml of purified protein. The radioactive benzo(a)pyrene bound to microsomes was oxidated in the presence of NADPH regenerating system. The oxidated products were discharged from microsomes only when "4S" PAH-BP was either present during the incubation or added at its end. Thus, this protein is able to transfer benzo(a)pyrene to the microsomal metabolization sites and to facilitate the release of oxidized products and, presumably, bind them.
Assuntos
Benzo(a)pireno/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Sulfato de Amônio , Animais , Proteínas de Transporte/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Oxirredução , Frações Subcelulares/análise , TemperaturaRESUMO
The paper reports a case of anomaly affecting the extrahepatic biliary tract. Brief comments are made regarding the practical importance of this pathology.
Assuntos
Ducto Cístico/anormalidades , Adulto , Colangiografia , Colecistectomia , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Ducto Cístico/diagnóstico por imagem , Ducto Cístico/cirurgia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
On the basis of two recently treated cases of endometriosis, the main aspects of this unusual pathology are examined; in particular its aetiopathogenesis, clinical picture and treatment still provide reasons of uncertainty. On the basis of an albeit limited experience, stress is laid on the importance of radical surgery, the only way to resolve the situation. Medical or conservative surgical measures are left to the early stages of the disease.
Assuntos
Endometriose , Adulto , Endometriose/diagnóstico , Endometriose/epidemiologia , Endometriose/etiologia , Endometriose/patologia , Endometriose/cirurgia , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
The authors describe a case of diverticular disease of the appendix. The diagnosis is intraoperative and histological while therapy is based on surgical treatment. The authors seem to be favorable to surgical treatment in case of diverticulosis of the appendix in order to avoid dangerous complications.
Assuntos
Apêndice , Divertículo , Adulto , Doenças do Ceco/diagnóstico , Doenças do Ceco/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Divertículo/diagnóstico , Divertículo/cirurgia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
The paper report three patients suffering from voluminous ventral hernias who were treated using progressive pneumoperitoneum as a preparative method prior to reparative surgery. On the basis of the results obtained, the authors sustain the rationality, safety and efficacy of the procedure, in particular given its ability to reestablish good respiratory and circulatory function in those cases where the latter were severely affected by hernia. Since this method needs a longer application time and therefore involves a greater economic burden, pneumoperitoneum should probably be reserved for selected cases, and alternative techniques should be used in patients where hernia is more easily resolved.
Assuntos
Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Pneumoperitônio Artificial , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Hérnia Ventral/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Patients affected by malignant tumors of the small intestine observed by the Department of Clinical and Pathological Surgery at the University of Florence were studied from 1964 to 1989. The most important aspects of the disease were studied, on the one hand emphasising its low incidence and on the other the poor prognosis which accompanies it. Greater attention should be focused on these lesions in order to enable an early diagnosis to be made since this currently represents the sole possibility for carrying out an efficacious therapy.
Assuntos
Tumor Carcinoide/cirurgia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Intestinais/cirurgia , Intestino Delgado , Linfoma/cirurgia , Sarcoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Tumor Carcinoide/patologia , Carcinoma/patologia , Criança , Neoplasias Duodenais/patologia , Neoplasias Duodenais/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias do Íleo/patologia , Neoplasias do Íleo/cirurgia , Neoplasias Intestinais/patologia , Neoplasias do Jejuno/patologia , Neoplasias do Jejuno/cirurgia , Linfoma/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Sarcoma/patologiaRESUMO
The authors briefly report the case of a patient in whom a double Mersilene graft was used to repair a strangulated umbilical hernia. This report is interesting for various reasons. Firstly, the fact that surgery was performed under emergency conditions and secondly, the position of the graft, which was certainly not ideal--even if obligatory owing to the circumstances under which the operation was performed--in the abdominal wall. In spite of the successful results obtained, the authors feel that graft should preferably be used in elective surgery in which additional operations are not required which may further contaminate the operating field. In particular, special attention should be paid to graft position in relation to the various layers of the abdominal wall.
Assuntos
Hérnia Umbilical/cirurgia , Próteses e Implantes , Telas Cirúrgicas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Emergências , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Ten cases of ectopic pancreas are presented. The literature on the subject is reviewed and the more controversial aspects of the disorder are discussed, in particular the clinical and anatomic-pathological significance, its diagnostic recognition, and the necessary treatment.
Assuntos
Coristoma , Neoplasias Duodenais , Pâncreas , Neoplasias Gástricas , Coristoma/diagnóstico , Coristoma/epidemiologia , Coristoma/patologia , Estudos de Coortes , Neoplasias Duodenais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Duodenais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Duodenais/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Itália/epidemiologia , Masculino , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
The majority of surgeons view the preliminary identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) as an essential stage in thyroidectomy in order to preserve thyroid integrity. This conviction is based on the fact that the anatomical relations of the recurrent nerve during the cervical tract with adjacent structures are highly variable. The preparation of the RLN in a series of 42 thyroidectomies performed by the 1st Department of Pathological Surgery of the University of Florence confirmed this variability above all with regard to relations with the trachea, Berry's ligament and the branches of the lower thyroid artery. As a result, it is justified to consider the identification and preliminary preparation of the RLN on both sides as a fundamental and unavoidable stage in thyroidectomy.
Assuntos
Nervo Laríngeo Recorrente/anatomia & histologia , Nervo Laríngeo Recorrente/cirurgia , Glândula Tireoide/anatomia & histologia , Glândula Tireoide/cirurgia , Tireoidectomia , Adulto , Artérias/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Glândula Tireoide/irrigação sanguínea , Glândula Tireoide/inervaçãoRESUMO
The authors review all the cases of polyps of the gallbladder observed during the period 1964 to 1992 at the Institutes of Pathology and General Surgery at the University of Florence. On the basis of their experience, the authors affirm that these phenomena always cause more or less evident, even if not specific clinical symptoms; moreover, since they are considered high-risk lesions for the onset of malignant tumours, the authors emphasize the need for cholecystectomy in all cases.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/cirurgia , Pólipos/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Colecistectomia , Colelitíase/diagnóstico , Colelitíase/patologia , Colelitíase/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Vesícula Biliar/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pólipos/diagnóstico , Pólipos/patologiaRESUMO
The authors report the case of a female patient suffering from colic neoplasm and a vast peristomal laparocele, the long-term outcome of a rectal amputation that the patient underwent at a young age. After colic resection, a vast area of surgical mesh in dacron was modelled and positioned in a retromuscular scat, thus allowing the hernia pathology to be resolved relatively simply, owing to its particular location-in correspondence with a preternatural anus-until not long ago this would have represented an absolute contraindication to the use of prosthetic materials. A precise surgical approach, marked by a scrupulous respect for aseptic conditions, is essential in these circumstances owing to the persistent risk of septic complications.
Assuntos
Colostomia/efeitos adversos , Hérnia Ventral/etiologia , Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Telas Cirúrgicas , Idoso , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
A recent clinical report regarding a patient with a voluminous laparocele treated using progressive pneumoperitoneum justifies this short paper on the use of this method as a preparatory act to reparative surgery. The paper emphasises the undoubted advantages deriving from the use of this technique, especially in the case of those subjects with a particularly poor respiratory function secondary to hernia.
Assuntos
Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Pneumoperitônio Artificial/métodos , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Feminino , Hérnia Ventral/patologia , Hérnia Ventral/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Respiração/fisiologiaRESUMO
Laparoceles are diseases of the abdominal wall and their repair does not usually involve technical problems which are difficult to resolve. The use of classic surgical methods, such as direct suture and plastic surgery, enables the parietal defect to be easily repaired in most case. However, cases do occur in which the surgeon is faced with considerable technical and tactical difficulties largely due to anatomopathological causes: the "loss of the right of domicile" of herniated viscera and the loss of musculo-aponeurotic substance. In the former case it is necessary to prepare the peritoneal cavity using pneumoperitoneum. In the event of the extensive destruction of the muscular component, or when the parietal breech is located next to bone or cartilagenous structures, it is essential to use a prosthesis. The paper goes on to describe the indications for the use of various techniques and their respective methods of use under different anatomo-clinical conditions.
Assuntos
Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Próteses e Implantes , Músculos Abdominais/cirurgia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Feminino , Hérnia Ventral/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Polietilenotereftalatos , Politetrafluoretileno , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Doenças Respiratórias/etiologia , SiliconesRESUMO
Reparative surgery of ventral hernia may be relatively simple or, on the other hand, the surgeon may be confronted with a number of tactical and technical problems. Many of these are caused by the "loss of the right of domicile". In order to avoid this particular condition it is useful to resort to preoperative pneumoperitoneum. This method entails the gradual and progressive introduction of air into the peritoneal cavity. In this way abdominal capacity is increased and it is therefore possible to re-insert all the viscera into their natural cavities avoiding all the harmful consequences for respiratory and cardio-circulatory organs following forced replacement. Preoperative pneumo-peritoneum is a relatively well consolidated surgical technique in large scale eventration. The methods is simple to perform and has a low incidence of complications.
Assuntos
Hérnia Ventral/cirurgia , Pneumoperitônio Artificial , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodosRESUMO
The authors speak about their experience on the giant incisional hernias. The surgical treatment of these lesions in not always easy, especially when exist some conditions such as the loss of parietal substance and the loss of residence right. In these cases the use of prosthetic meshes and the Goni Moreno's pneumoperitoneum are very helpful. The Authors point out how important is, for a successful treatment, as well as a correct surgical procedure and opportune pre and post operative management.