Assuntos
COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatologia , Disfunção Cognitiva/fisiopatologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Disfonia/fisiopatologia , Função Executiva , Adulto , Angiografia Digital , Gânglios da Base/diagnóstico por imagem , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/tratamento farmacológico , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapêutico , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Alta do Paciente , Ponte/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Cerebral Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , SARS-CoV-2 , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of an orally administered probiotic on the oral microbiota. METHODS: A placebo-controlled, parallel study was conducted in 40 gingivitis subjects during 8 weeks. Treatment consisted on the administration of a daily tablet, either containing Lactobacillus reuteri or placebo. Unstimulated saliva and subgingival samples were collected and analysed by culture and PCR. Clinical and microbiological outcome variables were compared between and within groups. RESULTS: There were no significant changes between and within the groups in the clinical variables. In saliva, total anaerobic counts after 4 weeks (p = 0.021) and counts of Prevotella intermedia after 8 weeks (p = 0.030), showed reductions in the test group. In subgingival samples, significant reductions in the changes baseline to 4 weeks were observed for P. gingivalis counts (p = 0.008). With PCR, L. reuteri ATCC-PTA-5289 was more frequently detected than L. reuteri DSM-17938. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of L. reuteri administered in tablets resulted in a reduction in the number of selected periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota, without an associated clinical impact.
Assuntos
Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Gengiva/microbiologia , Gengivite/terapia , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/fisiologia , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Saliva/microbiologia , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/isolamento & purificação , Carga Bacteriana , Bacteroides/isolamento & purificação , Campylobacter rectus/isolamento & purificação , Capnocytophaga/isolamento & purificação , Estudos Cross-Over , Índice de Placa Dentária , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Seguimentos , Fusobacterium nucleatum/isolamento & purificação , Gengivite/microbiologia , Humanos , Limosilactobacillus reuteri/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Peptostreptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Índice Periodontal , Placebos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/isolamento & purificação , Prevotella intermedia/isolamento & purificação , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Estudos Prospectivos , Comprimidos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
In plants, programmed cell death is thought to be activated during differentiation and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although its mechanisms are far less clear, several morphological and biochemical features have been described in different experimental systems, including DNA laddering and cytosolic protease activation. Moreover, plant mitochondria have an alternative terminal oxidase (AOX), which is thought to be involved in protection against increased reactive oxygen species production, perhaps representing a mechanism to prevent programmed cell death. In this study, we analysed cell death induced by the herbicide dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) in soybean (Glycine max) suspension cell cultures and evaluated biochemical and molecular events associated with programmed cell death. AOX capacity and expression were also determined. DNOC-treated cells showed fragmented nuclear DNA as assessed by an in situ assay that detects 3'-OH ends. In addition, specific colorimetric assays and immunoblot analysis revealed activation of caspase-3-like proteins and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, respectively, confirming the apoptotic-like phenotype. Surprisingly, AOX capacity and protein levels decreased in DNOC-treated cells, suggesting no association between cell death and AOX under these experimental conditions. In conclusion, the results show that DNOC induces programmed cell death in soybean cells, suggesting that plants and animals might share similar pathways. Further, the role of AOX in cell death has not been confirmed, and may depend on the nature and intensity of stress conditions.