Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between psychological violence and teacher burnout.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between psychological violence (PV) and burnout after two years of follow-up. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study involving 430 public school teachers from a city in southern Brazil. PV was defined as insults by students, humiliation or embarrassment by colleagues or superiors or threats by any member of the school. Burnout was measured using the emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey. Analyses were performed using structural equation models in R. RESULTS: Younger age (ß = - .167) and poor/fair relationship with students (ß = .275) had a direct effect on PV. Temporary employment (ß = - .111) and poor/fair perception of the number of students in the classroom (ß = .124) had a direct effect on EE. Cross-sectionally, PV showed a direct effect at both T0 and T1 on EE (T0: ß = .435; T1: ß = .334) and on DP (T0: ß = .332; T1: ß = .325). Longitudinally, PV at T0 did not have a significant direct effect on burnout at T1. However, indirect effects of PV on EE (ß = .459) and DP (ß = .428) at T1 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of PV on burnout occurs in a short period of time. However, the long-term effect should be considered because there is a cumulative burden of exposure to violence over time.

Nanomedicine advances in toxoplasmosis: diagnostic, treatment, and vaccine applications.

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii that affects about one third of the world's population. The diagnosis of this disease is carried out by parasite isolation and host antibodies detection. However, the diagnosis presents problems in regard to test sensitivity and specificity. Currently, the most effective T. gondii treatment is a combination of pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, although both drugs are toxic to the host. In addition to the problems that compromise the effective diagnosis and treatment of toxoplasmosis, there are no reports or indications of any vaccine capable of fully protecting against this infection. Nanomaterials, smaller than 1000 nm, are currently being investigated as an alternative tool in the management of T. gondii infection. This article reviews how recent nanotechnology advances indicate the utility of nanomaterials in toxoplasmosis diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cohort study assessing patients 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. / Síndrome pós-COVID-19 entre hospitalizados por COVID-19: estudo de coorte após 6 e 12 meses da alta hospitalar.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome involves a variety of symptoms that last more than 12 weeks after COVID diagnosis. This study aimed to analyze post-COVID-19 syndrome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. This is an ambidirectional cohort study conducted with individuals who were discharged from three main hospitals in the capital of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, between October and December 2021 and January and March 2022. After data collection from medical records, the individuals were interviewed by telephone 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge, when they were asked about the presence of ongoing or new symptoms and when symptom frequency was evaluated according to sociodemographic and economic characteristics hospitalization, and health conditions. Of all 277 medical records evaluated, 259 patients were eligible to participate in the study, 190 patients six months after discharge and 160 patients 12 months after hospital discharge. At six months, 59% were female patients, 40% were aged 60 years or older, and 87.4% reported at least one symptom. At 12 months, 58.7% were female patients, 37.5% were aged 30 to 49 years, and 67.5% reported at least one symptom. Fatigue was the most common symptom 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge (55.3% and 40.6%, respectively), followed by memory problems (36.8%; 20%), and hair loss (26.8%; 11.2%). The prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome was higher among patients of older age, lower income, with hypertension, diabetes, and more severe infection during hospitalization. The risk factors for post-COVID-19 syndrome help understand the long-term effects and the importance of monitoring after the acute phase of the disease.

A síndrome pós-COVID-19 é um termo usado para descrever um conjunto diversificado de sintomas que persistem por mais de 12 semanas da infecção diagnosticada. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a síndrome pós-COVID-19 entre hospitalizados por COVID-19 após 6 e 12 meses da alta hospitalar. Trata-se de estudo de coorte ambidirecional, realizado com indivíduos que receberam alta em três dos principais hospitais da capital de Mato Grosso, Brasil, entre outubro e dezembro de 2021 e janeiro e março de 2022. Após coleta de dados em prontuários, os indivíduos foram entrevistados por telefone após 6 e 12 meses da alta hospitalar, sendo questionados sobre a presença de sintomas persistentes ou novos, para a avaliação de sua frequência segundo características sociodemográficas, econômicas, relativas à internação e condições de saúde. Dos 277 prontuários avaliados, 259 pacientes foram elegíveis para o estudo, 190 aos seis meses e 160 após 12 meses da alta hospitalar. Aos seis meses, 59% eram mulheres, 40% com 60 anos ou mais de idade e 87,4% referiram a presença de pelo menos um sintoma. Aos 12 meses, 58,7% eram mulheres, 37,5% com 30 a 49 anos e 67,5% referiram a presença de pelo menos um sintoma. A fadiga foi o sintoma mais comum após 6 e 12 meses de alta hospitalar (55,3% e 40,6%, respectivamente), seguido de problemas de memória (36,8%; 20%) e perda de cabelo (26,8%; 11,2%). Foi maior a prevalência de síndrome pós-COVID-19 entre indivíduos de maior faixa etária, menor renda, hipertensos, diabéticos e com maior gravidade durante a internação. Os fatores de risco da síndrome pós-COVID-19 contribuem para a compreensão dos efeitos a longo prazo e da importância do acompanhamento após a fase aguda da doença.

El síndrome post-COVID-19 es un término utilizado para describir un conjunto diversificado de síntomas que persisten durante más de 12 semanas de la infección diagnosticada. El objetivo fue analizar el síndrome post-COVID-19 entre hospitalizados por COVID-19 tras 6 y 12 meses del alta hospitalaria. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte ambidireccional, realizado con individuos que fueron dados de alta en tres de los principales hospitales de la capital de Mato Grosso, Brasil, entre octubre y diciembre de 2021 y enero y marzo de 2022. Tras recolectar los datos en registros médicos, se entrevistaron los individuos por teléfono tras 6 y 12 meses del alta hospitalaria, cuestionándoles sobre la presencia de síntomas persistentes o nuevos y evaluando su frecuencia conforme las características sociodemográficas, económicas, relacionadas con la hospitalización y condiciones de salud. De los 277 registros médicos evaluados, se eligieron 259 pacientes para el estudio, 190 a los 6 meses y 160 tras 12 meses del alta hospitalaria. A los 6 meses, el 59% eran mujeres, el 40% tenían 60 años o más y el 87,4% refirieron la presencia de al menos un síntoma. A los 12 meses, el 58,7% eran mujeres, el 37,5% tenían entre 30 y 49 años y el 67,5% refirieron la presencia de al menos un síntoma. La fatiga fue el síntoma más común tras 6 y 12 meses del alta hospitalaria (el 55,3% y el 40,6%, respectivamente), seguido de los problemas de memoria (el 36,8% y el 20%) y caída del pelo (el 26,8% y el 11,2%). La prevalencia de síndrome post-COVID-19 fue más alta entre los individuos de mayor edad, menor renta, hipertensos, diabéticos y con mayor gravedad durante la hospitalización. Los factores de riesgo del síndrome post-COVID-19 contribuyen para la comprensión de los efectos a largo plazo y de la importancia del seguimiento tras la fase aguda de la enfermedad.

Factors associated with the recurrence of violence against children and adolescents. Mato Grosso-Brazil, 2013 to 2019. / Fatores associados à recorrência de violência em crianças e adolescentes. Mato Grosso-Brasil, 2013 a 2019.

This study examined factors associated with the recurrence of interpersonal violence against children and adolescents in Mato Grosso state, considering cases recorded in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, from 2013 to 2019. Associations between variables were estimated by logistic regression and stratified by age group (children and adolescents). The frequency of recurrent violence against children was 49.0% and, against adolescents, 42.9%. For both, recurrent violence was positively associated with occurrence at home, psychological or emotional violence, aggressors' being more than two, their being relatives and threats being the means of aggression. Neglect or abandonment and male or both-sex aggressors were positively associated with recurrent violence against children. Against adolescents, poor education, sexual violence and intimate-partner aggressors were positively associated with recurrent violence, while other aggressors and firearms or physical force were negatively associated. The findings offer significant contributions to knowledge of factors associated with recurrent violence, which is still little studied in the national and international literature. This is essential in order to inform strategies to reduce the recurrence of violence and protect children and adolescents.

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os fatores associados à recorrência da violência interpessoal contra crianças e adolescentes em Mato Grosso. Estudo com casos registrados no Sistema Informação de Agravos de Notificação no período de 2013 a 2019. A associação entre as variáveis foi estimada pela regressão logística, estratificada por faixa etária (crianças e adolescentes). A frequência da violência recorrente em crianças foi de 49,0%, e de 42,9% em adolescentes. Para ambos, a violência recorrente associou-se positivamente com ocorrência em residência, violência psicológica/moral, com mais de dois agressores envolvidos, agressores familiares e meio de agressão, ameaça. Para as crianças, negligência/abandono, sexo do agressor masculino ou ambos associaram-se positivamente com a recorrência da violência. Para adolescentes, baixa escolaridade, violência sexual e agressor parceiro íntimo estiveram associados positivamente à recorrência da violência, enquanto outros agressores e arma de fogo ou força corporal associaram-se negativamente. Os resultados trazem contribuições relevantes para o conhecimento dos fatores associados à violência recorrente, ainda pouco estudada na literatura nacional e internacional, sendo fundamental para apoiar estratégias de redução da recorrência da violência e de proteção às crianças e adolescentes.

Deaths from post-COVID conditions in Brazil. / Óbitos por condições de saúde posteriores à COVID-19 no Brasil.

This paper aims to assess the magnitude and profile of deaths from post-COVID conditions in Brazil. Descriptive study based on preliminary data from the 2021 Mortality Information System. Records with ICD code B94.8 as the Basic Cause and with code U09 in some lines of part I or II of the declaration were considered for analysis. The distribution of deaths by geographic region, semester of occurrence, sex, age group, ethnicity/skin color, schooling, and place of occurrence was evaluated. We identified 2,948 deaths from conditions subsequent to COVID-19 were recorded, ranging from 0.5 deaths per 1,000 records in the Northeast Region to 3.6/1,000 in the Midwest Region. More than half occurred among males (58.0%), those aged 60 years or older (66.9%), and whites (51.8%). Conclusion: Deaths from post-COVID conditions had distinct sociodemographic characteristics between regions.

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a magnitude e o perfil dos óbitos por condições posteriores à COVID-19 no Brasil. Estudo descritivo com base nos dados preliminares de registro de óbitos do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade ocorridos em 2021. Foram considerados os registros com código CID B94.8 como causa básica e com código U09 em alguma linha da parte I ou II da declaração de óbito. Foi avaliada a distribuição dos óbitos por região geográfica, semestre de ocorrência, sexo, faixa etária, raça/cor, escolaridade e local de ocorrência. Foram registrados 2.948 óbitos por condições posteriores à COVID-19, variando de 0,5 óbito por 1.000 registros na região Nordeste a 3,6/1.000 na região Centro-Oeste. Mais da metade ocorreu entre o sexo masculino (58,0%), aqueles com 60 anos ou mais de idade (66,9%) e de cor da pele branca (51,8%). Os óbitos por condições posteriores à COVID-19 apresentaram características sociodemográficas distintas entre as regiões.

Incidence trend of five main causes of cancer, in greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2000 to 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence trend of the five main causes of cancer, according to sex and age, in Greater Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso, from 2000 to 2016. METHODS: Incidence information was obtained from the Population-Based Cancer Registry, referring to the municipalities Cuiabá and Várzea Grande (RCBP - Cuiabá). Crude incidence rates were calculated and the five main types of cancer were selected: for males, prostate (C61), lung (C33-34), colorectal (C18-21), stomach (C16) and oral cavity cancer (C00-10); and for females, breast (C50), cervix (C53), colorectal (C18-21), lung (C33-34) and thyroid gland cancer (C73). Age-adjusted rates were calculated by the direct method, using the world population as reference. Trends were estimated using the Joinpoint method and evaluated by Annual Percent Change (APC) and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). The Joinpoint Regression Program software, version 8.3.6.1, was used. RESULTS: During the period, there was a decreasing trend of lung (AAPC=-2.2; 95%CI -4.0--0.3) and stomach cancer (AAPC=-5.2; 95%CI -7.7--2.6) in men, and of cervix cancer (AAPC=-7.2; 95%CI -9.0--5.3) in women, and increasing for breast (AAPC=2.8; 95%CI 0.2-5.5) and thyroid cancer (AAPC=8.3; 95%CI 4.6-12.2). CONCLUSION: In Greater Cuiabá, we found a downward incidence trend among elderly men for prostate, lung and stomach cancer. Women are affected at younger age groups, with an upward trend for breast cancer and downward trend for cervix cancer.

Working conditions and common mental disorders in prison officers in the inland region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. / Condições de trabalho e transtornos mentais comuns em agentes penitenciários do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

The prison officer profession is characterized by working in risky situations, which can harm officers' mental health. This research aimed to analyze prison officers' working conditions associated with Common Mental Disorders (CMD). This cross-sectional study was conducted with prison officers in four penitentiary units in the inland region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from January to August 2019. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) tool was employed to quantify the presence of CMDs. Poisson regression verified the association between variables with robust variance and adjusted for confounding factors to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The study population comprised 331 prison officers (ASP), with a 33.5% frequency of CMDs. CMDs were higher among prison officers with a worse perception of working conditions (PR: 1.13; 95%CI%: 1.03-1.24), who suffered insults (PR: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.08-1.29), psychological harassment (PR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.11-1.36) and sexual harassment (PR: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.03-1.40) in the last 12 months. CMDs were associated with work-related variables, such as worse environmental conditions within the prison and psychological and sexual violence.

A profissão de agente de segurança penitenciária (ASP) se caracteriza pelo trabalho em situações de perigo, o que pode desencadear prejuízos à sua saúde mental. O objetivo desta investigação foi analisar as condições de trabalho associadas aos transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em ASP. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, realizado com ASP de quatro unidades prisionais do interior do estado de São Paulo, de janeiro a agosto de 2019. Para mensurar a presença de TMC, utilizou-se o instrumento Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). A associação entre as variáveis foi verificada por meio de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, ajustada por fatores de confusão para a estimação da razão de prevalência (RP) e intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95%. A população de análise foi constituída por 331 ASP, com frequência de TMC de 33,5%. A presença de TMC foi mais elevada entre os ASP com pior percepção sobre as condições de trabalho (RP: 1,13; IC95%: 1,03-1,24), que sofreram insultos (RP: 1,18; IC95%: 1,08-1,29), assédio moral (RP: 1,23; IC95%: 1,11-1,36) e assédio sexual (RP: 1,20; IC95%: 1,03-1,40), nos últimos 12 meses. O TMC apresentou associação com variáveis relacionadas ao trabalho, tais como piores condições do ambiente no interior do cárcere e ocorrência de violências psicológica e sexual.

Mortality trend of cancer and main types according to macroregion in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2000 to 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the mortality trend from all cancers and the five main ones in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. METHODS: This is a descriptive, ecological, time series study, with data referring to deaths of residents of Mato Grosso due to cancer (ICD-10 codes C00 to C97), from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Time trend analyses of the standardized mortality rate from all cancers and five specific cancers (lung, prostate, breast, colorectal and cervical) for the state and according to macroregion (South, West, North, East and Center-North) were performed using linear regression (p<0.05). RESULTS: From 2000 to 2015, 28,525 deaths from all cancers in residents of the state of Mato Grosso were recorded. An increasing trend was observed for all cancers, in addition to lung, breast and colorectal cancers. The South and North macroregions showed an increasing trend for all cancers, breast and colorectal, and Center-North for breast and colorectal. East showed an increasing trend for all cancers, prostate and colorectal, and decreasing for cervical. CONCLUSION: In the state of Mato Grosso, there was an increasing trend in mortality for all cancers and from specific ones, with emphasis on breast and colorectal cancer in most macroregions.

Colorectal cancer mortality trend in Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2000 to 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time series of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, according to sex and age group, in Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2019. METHODS: Ecological time series study, with standardized mortality rates from CRC (C18 to C21) among residents of Mato Grosso. Information on deaths was provided by the Mato Grosso State Health Department, comprising the Mortality Information System and demographic information obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The joinpoint regression analysis was used in the analysis of temporal trend. RESULTS: A total of 2,406 deaths from CRC were identified in Mato Grosso between 2000 and 2019. The highest rates were found among the age group from 60 to 79 years. There was an increasing trend in mortality rates among men due to CRC for almost all age groups, with the exception of those aged 40 to 49 years and 80 years and older. For women, there was a significant increase in the age groups from 50 to 59 years and 80 years and older. CONCLUSION: The results showed an increase in mortality rates from CRC in the state of Mato Grosso, from 2000 to 2019, in certain age groups for both sexes, but especially for men. Knowledge about the evolution of mortality can provide data on the epidemiological situation of cancer at the local level and, thus, contribute to the development of actions to control and prevent this disease.

Stomach cancer incidence and mortality in Greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2000-2016.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and mortality trend of stomach cancer in the Greater Cuiabá, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016. METHODS: The incidence information was obtained from the Population-Based Cancer Registry, and the mortality information from the Mortality Information System. Crude and standardized rates were calculated using the direct method, with the world population as reference. The trends were estimated using the Joinpoint regression method, according to sex and age group, and evaluated through the Annual Percent Change (APC) and the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC). The Joinpoint Regression Program software, version 4.9.0.0, was used. RESULTS: There was a decreasing incidence trend of stomach cancer in males (AAPC=-5.2; 95% confidence interval - 95%CI -7.7--2.6), in men aged 60 to 69 years (AAPC=-3.7; 95%CI -5.6--1.8) and in 70-79 years (AAPC=-3.7; 95%CI -5.6--1.8), as well as in women aged 50 to 59 years (AAPC=-5.2; 95%CI -7.8--2.6) and 80 years or older (AAPC=-5.2; 95%IC -7.8--2.6). The mortality initially increased in women aged 60-69 years (AAPC=28.4; 95%CI 9.7-50.4), decreased for 80 years or older (AAPC=-26.4; 95%CI -38.0--12.6) and stable for the other age groups and males. CONCLUSION: A decreasing incidence trend of stomach cancer was found among men and, when analyzed by age, among elderly males and adults and elderly females, as well as a stability in the mortality, with an initial variation in elderly women. The production of regional information supports the planning of local policies aimed at reducing the burden of disease and deaths, considering unequal risk conditions and access to health services.

Mortality trend and analysis of potential years of life lost due to leukemia and lymphoma in Brazil and Mato Grosso.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the mortality trend and to analyze the potential years of life lost (PYLL) due to leukemias and lymphomas in Brazil and Mato Grosso, from 2001 to 2019. METHODS: Time-series study on deaths from leukemias and lymphomas with data obtained from the Mortality Information System. Trends were calculated by age group by the Joinpoint regression method, using calendar year as regressor variable, estimated annual percentage change (APC) and mean annual percentage change, considering 95% confidence intervals. PYLL rates were collected from the Cancer Mortality Atlas. RESULTS: In Brazil, the mortality rate trend remained stable for both diseases in the period: leukemias (APC=0.2; 95%CI 0.0-0.3) and lymphomas (APC=0.2; 95%CI 0.4-0.1). In Mato Grosso state, the rate for leukemias was also stable (APC=0.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.6). For lymphomas, the trend was ascendant (APC=2.3; 95%CI 0.5-4.2), but descending among people younger than 59 years. For leukemias, PYLL rates were 64 and 65/100,000 in Brazil and Mato Grosso, respectively. For lymphomas, 27 and 22/100,000, respectively, with the highest rates found among males. CONCLUSION: The behavior of mortality rates from leukemia and lymphoma in Mato Grosso was different from that observed nationally, with an upward trend for lymphomas and no differences between age groups for both diseases. PYLL rates for leukemias were similar, while for lymphomas they were higher among men and lower in Mato Grosso when compared to Brazil.

Incidence, mortality and survival of prostate cancer in two municipalities with a high human development index in Mato Grosso, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence, mortality and survival of prostate cancer in Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, Brazil from 2000 to 2016. METHODS: Data from the Population-based Cancer Registry and the Mortality Information System were used. Mortality and incidence trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression models by age group. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and hazard ratio was estimated by age group. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2016, 3,671 new cases and 892 deaths for prostate cancer were recorded. The average incidence and mortality rates were 87.96 and 20.22 per 100,000, respectively. Decreasing incidence trend was noted for all age groups from 2006 to 2016 (APC=-3.2%) and for men with 80+ years of age from 2000 to 2016 (APC=-3.0%), and increasing mortality trend for men 60-69 years of age from 2000 to 2009 (APC=3.2%). The specific five-year survival rate for prostate cancer was 79.6% (95%CI 77.2-81.9), and the rate decreased with advanced age (HR=2.43, 95%CI 1.5-3.9, for those 70 to 79 years old and HR=7.20, 95%CI 4.5-11.5, for those 80 or older). CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of prostate cancer showed a decreasing trend from 2006 for all age groups; the mortality rate was stable in that period, and worse prognosis was observed in men 70 years or older.

Cancer surveillance in Mato Grosso, Brazil: methodological and operational aspects of a university extension/research project.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methodological and operational aspects of the "Project for surveillance of cancer and its associated factors: population-based and hospital-based registry" (VIGICAN), in the state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. METHODS: VIGICAN was divided into two projects: a university extension one, which updated the data from the Population-based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of MT in the 2008-2016 period; and a research project, which collected primary data, through individual interviews and analysis of medical records of people with a diagnosis of cancer, aged 18 years or older, treated at reference hospitals for oncology. To analyze the factors associated with cancer, the following variables were collected: socioeconomic and demographic, social support, health status and behavior, and environmental exposure. RESULTS: In the 2008-2016 period, approximately one hundred thousand cases of cancer (incident and prevalent) were reported in the PBCR Cuiabá and PBCR Interior. After validation procedures, 50 thousand incident cases were elected. The survey interviewed 1,012 patients, 38.2% living in the municipalities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, 60.4% in small cities of the state, and 1.4% in other states. Preliminary data showed that the majority were women (55.0%) and younger than 60 years of age (54.3%). Among the interviewees, 7.2% reported smoking tobacco, 15.5% consumed alcoholic beverages (15.5%), and 32.7% lived nearby crops. CONCLUSION: The development of these projects allowed the integration of education with health services and will enable the recognition of specificities and different exposure scenarios and factors associated with cancer in the Mato Grosso territory.

Recurrence of Violence Against Teachers: Two-Year Follow-Up Study.

The objective of this study was to analyze whether the experience of violence by teachers in the school environment increases the risk of teachers suffering violence again within a 2-year period. This longitudinal study included 430 primary and secondary public school teachers from a city in the south of Brazil, with data collected at two time points: T1 (2012-2013) and T2 (2014-2015). The data were obtained via face-to-face interviews and the completion of a questionnaire. The forms of violence investigated included reports of insults from students, humiliation or embarrassment by colleagues or superiors, and threats and physical violence from any member of the school occurring in the 12 months prior to the study. McNemar's test and the Poisson regression with robust error variance were used in the analyses, and the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. After 2 years, there was a reduction in violence reported by the teachers from 65.4% (T1) to 56.9% (T2) (p = .003). Teachers who suffered a certain form of violence had three times the risk of suffering that type of violence again. Those who reported three or four forms of violence at T1 had an RR of 2.23 of suffering any form of violence at T2 (95% CI [1.70, 2.93]) compared with those who did not report violence at T1. Psychological violence at T1 was not associated with physical violence at T2, nor was physical violence at T1 associated with psychological violence at T2. Despite the reduction in violence against teachers reported at T2, some forms of violence remained stable after 2 years. Suffering more forms of violence increases the risk of suffering any future violence.

[Teachers on temporary employment contracts reveal more frequent consumption of pre-prepared food]. / Professores com vínculo temporário apresentam maior frequência de consumo de alimentos pré-preparados.

The scope of this article is to analyze the eating behavior of schoolteachers according to the type of employment contract. Interviews were conducted at 20 public state schools in Londrina, State of Paraná, between 2012 and 2013. Of the 978 teachers interviewed, 672 (68.7%) had permanent employment contracts and 306 (31.3%) were on temporary employment contracts. High frequencies of recommended eating behaviors - consumption of fruit, vegetables and/or vegetables and removing visible fat from red meat - were observed in teachers with a permanent employment contract. On the other hand, teachers with temporary employment contracts revealed a high frequency of non-recommended eating behaviors with consumption of pre-prepared foods and packaged drinks or sodas. It was highlighted that a high frequency of consumption of pre-prepared foods was statistically associated with the type of employment contract irrespective of sociodemographic, lifestyle and health status factors.

O artigo tem por objetivo analisar as condutas alimentares de professores segundo os vínculos de trabalho. As entrevistas foram realizadas em 20 escolas da rede estadual de Londrina entre 2012 e 2013. Dos 978 professores entrevistados, 672 (68,7%) tinham vínculo efetivo e 306 (31,3%) temporário. Altas frequências de condutas alimentares recomendadas - consumo de frutas, verduras e/ou legumes e retirada da gordura visível da carne vermelha - foram observadas em professores com vínculo efetivo. Em contrapartida, professores com vínculo temporário apresentaram altas frequências de condutas alimentares não recomendadas - consumo de alimentos pré-preparados e de bebidas industrializadas ou refrigerantes. Destaca-se que o consumo em alta frequência de alimentos pré-preparados esteve estatisticamente associado ao tipo de vínculo independentemente de fatores sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida e da condição de saúde.

Prospective association between burnout and road traffic accidents in teachers.

We investigated whether burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced professional efficacy) is a risk factor for traffic accidents. A prospective cohort study was conducted with 509 school teachers. The teachers were interviewed in 2012-2013, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory was applied. After 2 years, the teachers were interviewed again to determine the occurrence of traffic accidents. Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to adjust the analyses. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated to assess changes in c-units in the scores of each Burnout dimension, with c equal to 1, 5 and 10 units. The incidence rate of road traffic accidents at follow-up was 10.8%. After adjustments for sex, age, high workload/exposure to the traffic environment, daily consumption of alcoholic beverages and the other dimensions of burnout, depersonalization was a risk factor for traffic accidents. For each 1- and 10-point increase in the depersonalization score, the risk increased by 8 and 119%, respectively. Emotional exhaustion was not associated with these accidents. Increases in the professional efficacy score increased the risk of traffic accidents. The association of depersonalization with future road traffic accidents reinforces the need for measures to improve teachers' work conditions to reduce burnout.

Poor Relationships and Physical Violence at School Are Associated With More Forms of Psychological Violence Among Brazilian Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Our purpose was to identify individual and work-related factors that are associated with psychological violence (PV) and are related to a higher number of PV forms among teachers. This cross-sectional study included 789 elementary and high school teachers in a municipality in southern Brazil. Data were obtained through interviews and a self-administered questionnaire. PV was characterized by reports of insults from students, humiliation by colleagues or teachers, and threats in the 12 months preceding the study. Factors associated with the number of PV forms were also investigated. Poisson regression models were used for the analyses. More than half (64.1%) of the teachers reported at least one event of PV, 38.3% reported only one form, 21.5% reported two forms, and 4.3% reported all three surveyed forms. After adjustments, poor relationships with superiors or students and having suffered physical violence at school remained associated with at least one PV episode. The same variables were associated with the number of forms of PV, as were age (inverse relationship) and violence outside of school. The higher the number of aggregated factors, the more estimated forms of PV, particularly among the younger teachers. These results highlight the importance of adopting strategies that promote a nonviolent and safe school environment for teachers, which will in turn improve work conditions, the quality of education, and teachers' health.

Epidemiological study on dengue in southern Brazil under the perspective of climate and poverty.

Social and epidemiological aspects of dengue were evaluated in an important metropolitan area in southern Brazil, from August 2012 to September 2014. Demographic, clinical, serological data were collected from patients with acute dengue symptoms treated at public health system units (HSUs). A systematic approach to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of cases was developed, considering the temporal cross-correlation between dengue and weather, and the spatial correlation between dengue and income over the city's census tracts. From the 878 patients with suggestive symptoms, 249 were diagnosed as positive dengue infection (28%). Considering the most statistically significant census tracts, a negative correlation was found between mean income and dengue (r = -0.65; p = 0.02; 95% CI: -0.03 to -0.91). The occurrence of dengue followed a seasonal distribution, and it was found to be three and four months delayed in relation to precipitation and temperature, respectively. Unexpectedly, the occurrence of symptomatic patients without dengue infection followed the same seasonal distribution, however its spatial distribution did not correlate with income. Through this methodology, we have found evidence that suggests a relation between dengue and poverty, which enriches the debate in the literature and sheds light on an extremely relevant socioeconomic and public health issue.

Síndrome pós-COVID-19 entre hospitalizados por COVID-19: estudo de coorte após 6 e 12 meses da alta hospitalar / Síndrome post-COVID-19 entre hospitalizados por COVID-19: estudio de cohorte tras 6 y 12 meses del alta hospitalaria / Post-COVID-19 syndrome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cohort study assessing patients 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge

A síndrome pós-COVID-19 é um termo usado para descrever um conjunto diversificado de sintomas que persistem por mais de 12 semanas da infecção diagnosticada. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a síndrome pós-COVID-19 entre hospitalizados por COVID-19 após 6 e 12 meses da alta hospitalar. Trata-se de estudo de coorte ambidirecional, realizado com indivíduos que receberam alta em três dos principais hospitais da capital de Mato Grosso, Brasil, entre outubro e dezembro de 2021 e janeiro e março de 2022. Após coleta de dados em prontuários, os indivíduos foram entrevistados por telefone após 6 e 12 meses da alta hospitalar, sendo questionados sobre a presença de sintomas persistentes ou novos, para a avaliação de sua frequência segundo características sociodemográficas, econômicas, relativas à internação e condições de saúde. Dos 277 prontuários avaliados, 259 pacientes foram elegíveis para o estudo, 190 aos seis meses e 160 após 12 meses da alta hospitalar. Aos seis meses, 59% eram mulheres, 40% com 60 anos ou mais de idade e 87,4% referiram a presença de pelo menos um sintoma. Aos 12 meses, 58,7% eram mulheres, 37,5% com 30 a 49 anos e 67,5% referiram a presença de pelo menos um sintoma. A fadiga foi o sintoma mais comum após 6 e 12 meses de alta hospitalar (55,3% e 40,6%, respectivamente), seguido de problemas de memória (36,8%; 20%) e perda de cabelo (26,8%; 11,2%). Foi maior a prevalência de síndrome pós-COVID-19 entre indivíduos de maior faixa etária, menor renda, hipertensos, diabéticos e com maior gravidade durante a internação. Os fatores de risco da síndrome pós-COVID-19 contribuem para a compreensão dos efeitos a longo prazo e da importância do acompanhamento após a fase aguda da doença.

El síndrome post-COVID-19 es un término utilizado para describir un conjunto diversificado de síntomas que persisten durante más de 12 semanas de la infección diagnosticada. El objetivo fue analizar el síndrome post-COVID-19 entre hospitalizados por COVID-19 tras 6 y 12 meses del alta hospitalaria. Se trata de un estudio de cohorte ambidireccional, realizado con individuos que fueron dados de alta en tres de los principales hospitales de la capital de Mato Grosso, Brasil, entre octubre y diciembre de 2021 y enero y marzo de 2022. Tras recolectar los datos en registros médicos, se entrevistaron los individuos por teléfono tras 6 y 12 meses del alta hospitalaria, cuestionándoles sobre la presencia de síntomas persistentes o nuevos y evaluando su frecuencia conforme las características sociodemográficas, económicas, relacionadas con la hospitalización y condiciones de salud. De los 277 registros médicos evaluados, se eligieron 259 pacientes para el estudio, 190 a los 6 meses y 160 tras 12 meses del alta hospitalaria. A los 6 meses, el 59% eran mujeres, el 40% tenían 60 años o más y el 87,4% refirieron la presencia de al menos un síntoma. A los 12 meses, el 58,7% eran mujeres, el 37,5% tenían entre 30 y 49 años y el 67,5% refirieron la presencia de al menos un síntoma. La fatiga fue el síntoma más común tras 6 y 12 meses del alta hospitalaria (el 55,3% y el 40,6%, respectivamente), seguido de los problemas de memoria (el 36,8% y el 20%) y caída del pelo (el 26,8% y el 11,2%). La prevalencia de síndrome post-COVID-19 fue más alta entre los individuos de mayor edad, menor renta, hipertensos, diabéticos y con mayor gravedad durante la hospitalización. Los factores de riesgo del síndrome post-COVID-19 contribuyen para la comprensión de los efectos a largo plazo y de la importancia del seguimiento tras la fase aguda de la enfermedad.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome involves a variety of symptoms that last more than 12 weeks after COVID diagnosis. This study aimed to analyze post-COVID-19 syndrome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. This is an ambidirectional cohort study conducted with individuals who were discharged from three main hospitals in the capital of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, between October and December 2021 and January and March 2022. After data collection from medical records, the individuals were interviewed by telephone 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge, when they were asked about the presence of ongoing or new symptoms and when symptom frequency was evaluated according to sociodemographic and economic characteristics hospitalization, and health conditions. Of all 277 medical records evaluated, 259 patients were eligible to participate in the study, 190 patients six months after discharge and 160 patients 12 months after hospital discharge. At six months, 59% were female patients, 40% were aged 60 years or older, and 87.4% reported at least one symptom. At 12 months, 58.7% were female patients, 37.5% were aged 30 to 49 years, and 67.5% reported at least one symptom. Fatigue was the most common symptom 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge (55.3% and 40.6%, respectively), followed by memory problems (36.8%; 20%), and hair loss (26.8%; 11.2%). The prevalence of post-COVID-19 syndrome was higher among patients of older age, lower income, with hypertension, diabetes, and more severe infection during hospitalization. The risk factors for post-COVID-19 syndrome help understand the long-term effects and the importance of monitoring after the acute phase of the disease.

Functioning in victims of non-fatal traffic accident / Funcionalidade em vítimas não fatais de acidente de trânsito

Abstract Introduction Traffic accidents are a problem for the health system and society, evidenced by the high rates of deaths, hospitalizations and care in health services due to serious injuries and disabilities, affecting the functioning and quality of life of individuals. Objective To identify outcome measures in studies on victims of non-fatal traffic accidents, to fulfill the first step in the development of a Core Set of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for victims of non-fatal traffic accidents. Methods A systematic review of published articles was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and SciELO, between 2011 and 2022, using terms in English. The search strategy combined terms about the consequences of traffic accidents in adults. The selection of articles was carried out by two independent reviewers, applying the eligibility criteria. Results A total of 626 studies were located in the databases, and 91 articles were included in the review. The consequences observed in the studies were injuries, fractures and trauma. When extracting outcome measures, 780 concepts were identified, linked to a total of 124 ICF categories, in the components: body function (30 categories); body structure (72 categories); activity and participation (20 categories); and environmental factors (two categories). Conclusion This systematic review revealed that the main consequences of non-fatal traffic accidents for victims are in the body structures related to the movement, mobility and stability of joints.

Resumo Introdução Os acidentes de trânsito são um problema para o sistema de saúde e para a sociedade, evidenciado pelas altas taxas de óbito, internações e atendimento nos serviços de saúde em função das lesões graves e incapacidades, repercutindo na funcionalidade e qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Objetivo Identificar medidas de desfecho nos estudos sobre vítimas não fatais de acidentes de trânsito, para cumprir a primeira das etapas no desenvolvimento de um core set da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) para vítimas não fatais de acidentes de trânsito. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática cuja busca foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e SciELO, entre 2011 e 2022, utilizando termos em inglês. A estratégia de busca combinou termos sobre as consequências dos acidentes de trânsito em adultos. A seleção dos artigos deu-se por dois revisores independentes, aplicando os critérios de elegibilidade. Resultados Foram localizados 626 estudos nas bases de dados e incluídos, na revisão, 91 artigos. As consequências observadas nos estudos foram lesões, fraturas e traumas. Na extração das medidas de desfecho, 780 conceitos foram identificados, vinculados a um total de 124 categorias da CIF nos componentes: função do corpo (30 categorias); estrutura do corpo (72 categorias); atividade e participação (20 categorias); e fatores ambientais (duas categorias). Conclusão Esta revisão sistemática revelou que as principais consequências dos acidentes de trânsito para as vítimas não fatais estão nas estruturas do corpo relacionadas ao movimento e à mobilidade e estabilidade das articulações.