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1.
N Engl J Med ; 390(22): 2083-2097, 2024 Jun 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38767252

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Adjustment for race is discouraged in lung-function testing, but the implications of adopting race-neutral equations have not been comprehensively quantified. METHODS: We obtained longitudinal data from 369,077 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, U.K. Biobank, the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, and the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. Using these data, we compared the race-based 2012 Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI-2012) equations with race-neutral equations introduced in 2022 (GLI-Global). Evaluated outcomes included national projections of clinical, occupational, and financial reclassifications; individual lung-allocation scores for transplantation priority; and concordance statistics (C statistics) for clinical prediction tasks. RESULTS: Among the 249 million persons in the United States between 6 and 79 years of age who are able to produce high-quality spirometric results, the use of GLI-Global equations may reclassify ventilatory impairment for 12.5 million persons, medical impairment ratings for 8.16 million, occupational eligibility for 2.28 million, grading of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease for 2.05 million, and military disability compensation for 413,000. These potential changes differed according to race; for example, classifications of nonobstructive ventilatory impairment may change dramatically, increasing 141% (95% confidence interval [CI], 113 to 169) among Black persons and decreasing 69% (95% CI, 63 to 74) among White persons. Annual disability payments may increase by more than $1 billion among Black veterans and decrease by $0.5 billion among White veterans. GLI-2012 and GLI-Global equations had similar discriminative accuracy with regard to respiratory symptoms, health care utilization, new-onset disease, death from any cause, death related to respiratory disease, and death among persons on a transplant waiting list, with differences in C statistics ranging from -0.008 to 0.011. CONCLUSIONS: The use of race-based and race-neutral equations generated similarly accurate predictions of respiratory outcomes but assigned different disease classifications, occupational eligibility, and disability compensation for millions of persons, with effects diverging according to race. (Funded by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.).


Assuntos
Testes de Função Respiratória , Insuficiência Respiratória , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/economia , Pneumopatias/etnologia , Pneumopatias/terapia , Transplante de Pulmão/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos Nutricionais/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/diagnóstico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/economia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/etnologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/terapia , Grupos Raciais , Testes de Função Respiratória/classificação , Testes de Função Respiratória/economia , Testes de Função Respiratória/normas , Espirometria , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Respiratória/economia , Insuficiência Respiratória/etnologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/terapia , Negro ou Afro-Americano/estatística & dados numéricos , Brancos/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação da Deficiência , Ajuda a Veteranos de Guerra com Deficiência/classificação , Ajuda a Veteranos de Guerra com Deficiência/economia , Ajuda a Veteranos de Guerra com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas com Deficiência/classificação , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Profissionais/diagnóstico , Doenças Profissionais/economia , Doenças Profissionais/etnologia , Financiamento Governamental/economia , Financiamento Governamental/estatística & dados numéricos
2.
Aging (Albany NY) ; 12(9): 7626-7638, 2020 05 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32391803

RESUMO

Aging has pronounced effects on blood laboratory biomarkers used in the clinic. Prior studies have largely investigated one biomarker or population at a time, limiting a comprehensive view of biomarker variation and aging across different populations. Here we develop a supervised machine learning approach to study aging using 356 blood biomarkers measured in 67,563 individuals across diverse populations. Our model predicts age with a mean absolute error (MAE), or average magnitude of prediction errors, in held-out data of 4.76 years and an R2 value of 0.92. Age prediction was highly accurate for the pediatric cohort (MAE = 0.87, R2 = 0.94) but inaccurate for ages 65+ (MAE = 4.30, R2 = 0.25). Variability was observed in which biomarkers carry predictive power across age groups, genders, and race/ethnicity groups, and novel candidate biomarkers of aging were identified for specific age ranges (e.g. Vitamin E, ages 18-44). We show that predictors for one age group may fail to generalize to other groups and investigate non-linearity in biomarkers near adulthood. As populations worldwide undergo major demographic changes, it is increasingly important to catalogue biomarker variation across age groups and discover new biomarkers to distinguish chronological and biological aging.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Aprendizado de Máquina , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto Jovem
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