[Maximum a posteriori fusion method based on gradient consistency constraint for multispectral/panchromatic remote sensing images].

Multispectral (MS) images with high spatial resolution (HR) can be obtained by fusing MS images and panchromatic (PAN) image, the HR MS images have an important significance in image interpretation and classification, etc. In the present paper, a new image fusion method based on gradient consistency constraint for MS/PAN images is developed. The method is based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework. The relationship of desired HR MS images and PAN image is formulated by gradient consistency constraint. Observation model of MS images and the Huber-Markov priori are combined to solve the fused image by gradient descent algorithm. In the proposed method, gradient consistency constraint is introduced, and defect of band number restriction is overcomed in conventional model-based fusion methods. Iterative step for every band is solved adaptively, and spectral characteristics of each band are fully taken into account, so it not only ensures the spectral information fidelity, but also improves the integration degree of spatial information of fused image. The proposed method has been tested using IKONOS and WorldView-2 images. It is compared with GS, AIHS and AMBF fusion methods from both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Experimental results show that the proposed method can better preserve spectral information while enhance spatial resolution, and it has broader applicability and better fusion result than other methods.

[Long-term outcome of tension-free hernioplasty for inguinal hernia complicated with liver cirrhosis and ascites].

OBJECTIVE: To review tension-free repairing for the patients with inguinal hernia complicated with cirrhosis and ascites. METHODS: Tension-free herniorrhaphy was performed in 16 cases with inguinal hernia complicated with cirrhosis and ascites from November 1999 to November 2003. The laboratory data before and after the operation were compared and analyzed in this group. RESULTS: Of the patients, 13 cases were male and 3 were female, the mean age was (64 ± 12) years (range, 37 - 85 years). The liver function was classified as A degree in 4 case, B degree in 10 cases and C degree in 2 patients by using Child score. The operation was successfully carried out in all patients without complications and post-operative hepatoencephalopathy. There was no significant change in the plasma total protein, bilirubin, prothrombin activity and international normalized ratio (INR) after the operation. And the levels of albumin, globulin and white blood cell count changed remarkably after the operation (all P < 0.05). Plasma albumin level was obviously effected by the operation and treatment (P = 0.006). The mean follow-up time was 72.5 months (57 - 102 months). No recurrence occurred during the follow-up. There was no patient died in 30 days after the operation. Seven cases (43.8%) died in the later period of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The tension-free repairing is feasible for the inguinal hernia complicated with cirrhosis and ascites. More attention should be paid to the level of plasma albumin and it should be corrected in time. The liver cirrhosis and its complications will progress after the operation with a poor prognosis.

Ectopic liver tissue in the esophagus: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Ectopic liver (EL) is a rare entity, which is reported to develop at various sites, such as the abdominal cavity, the retroperitoneal cavity, the pleural cavity, and the mediastinum. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 27-year-old previously healthy Chinese man suffered from a discontinuous abdominal pain in the upper abdomen for 2 months. DIAGNOSIS: The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed there was a polypoid mucosal uplift on the distal region of the esophagus near the cardia. INTERVENTIONS: Endoscopic polypectomy was performed. OUTCOMES: Pathology examination showed the liver tissue. CONCLUSION: EL should be excised as it may possibly lead to the development of a malignancy. Endoscopic resection was found to be safe and reliable in this case.