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OBJECTIVES: To establish a reliable ultrasound (US) method of evaluating dynamic extrusion of lateral meniscus in healthy population, and to investigate the pattern of dynamic meniscus extrusion (ME) in lateral meniscus under loading conditions. METHODS: The lateral ME was examined via US method in unloaded, double-leg standing, and single-leg standing positions. Two different US measurement methods were compared to the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results to determine the optimal measurement methods. The US results obtained by different researchers were tested for interobserver consistency and the results obtained by the same researcher on two separate days were tested for intraobserver consistency. The patterns of dynamic extrusion were compared between medial and lateral sides. RESULTS: A total of healthy 44 volunteers were included in the study, with 86 knees assessed by US, and 25 knees evaluated by MRI. The US evaluation of dynamic lateral ME demonstrated excellent interobserver and intraobserver reliability. The US measurements using method A were consistent with the MRI results with no significant difference (P = .861, intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.868), while method B underestimated the lateral ME compared to MRI (P = .001, ICC = 0.649). Lateral ME decreased slightly from unloaded (1.0 ± 0.8 mm) to single-leg standing position (0.8 ± 0.8 mm), whereas medial ME increased significantly in both double-leg and single-leg standing positions (2.4 ± 0.7 mm, 2.6 ± 0.7 mm). CONCLUSION: A novel US evaluation method of lateral ME was established with reliable and accurate results compared to the MRI. Lateral ME in healthy populations decreased slightly as the loadings increased, which was different from the pattern of dynamic extrusion in medial meniscus.
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Meniscos Tibiais , Ultrassonografia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Adulto , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Meniscos Tibiais/diagnóstico por imagem , Valores de Referência , Adulto Jovem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Voluntários SaudáveisRESUMO
Bodyweight loss and rumen microbial dysfunction of grazing sheep was a challenge for the sheep production industry during cold season, which were considered to correlated with under-roughage-feeding. Alfalfa is a good roughage supplementary for ruminants, which can improve grazing sheep bodyweight-loss and rumen microbial dysfunction during grass-withering period. This study evaluated the effects of alfalfa hay supplementary change dietary non-fibrous carbohydrate/neutral detergent fiber (NFC/NDF) ratios on rumen fermentation and microbial function of Gansu alpine fine wool sheep during extreme cold season. 120 ewes (3-4 yrs) with an average body weight of 28.71 ± 1.22 kg were allocated randomly into three treatments, and fed NFC/NDF of 1.92 (H group), 1.11 (M group), and 0.68 (L group), respectively. This study was conducted for 107 d, including 7 d of adaption to the diets. The rumen fermentation parameters and microbial characteristics were measured after the end of feeding trials. The results showed that the concentrations of sheep body weight, nitrogen components (Total-N, Soluble protein-N and Ammonia-N), blood biochemical indices (LDH, BUN and CHO) and ruminal volatile fatty acids (TVFA and propionate) significantly increased with an increase in the proportion of NFC/NDF ratios (p < .05), and the acetate and acetate/propionat ratio presented a contrary decreasing trend (p < .05). A total of 1018 OTUs were obtained with 97% consistency. Ruminococcus, Ruminococcaceae and Prevotella were observed as the predominant phyla in ruminal fluid microbiota. Higher NFC/NDF ratios with Alfalfa supplementary increased the richness and diversity of ruminal fluid microbiota, and decreased ruminal fluid microbiota beta-diversity. Using clusters of orthologous groups (COG), the ruminal fluid microbiota of alfalfa supplementary feeding showed low immune pathway and high carbohydrate metabolism pathway. In summary, the study suggested that there was an increasing tendency in dietary NFC/NDF ratio of 1.92 in body weight, ruminal fermentation, microbial community composition and fermentation characteristics through developing alfalfa supplementary system.
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Carboidratos da Dieta , Medicago sativa , Animais , Ovinos , Feminino , Carboidratos da Dieta/análise , Carboidratos da Dieta/metabolismo , Medicago sativa/metabolismo , Detergentes/análise , Detergentes/metabolismo , Carneiro Doméstico , Lactação , Rúmen/metabolismo , Fermentação , Lã , Ração Animal/análise , Dieta/veterinária , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Fibras na Dieta/metabolismo , Acetatos/análise , Acetatos/metabolismo , Peso CorporalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although immunotherapy is effective in improving the clinical outcomes of patients with bladder cancer (BC), it is only effective in a small percentage of patients. Intercellular crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment strongly influences patient response to immunotherapy, while the crosstalk patterns of plasma cells (PCs) as endogenous antibody-producing cells remain unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the heterogeneity of PCs and their potential crosstalk patterns with BC tumor cells. METHODS: Crosstalk patterns between PCs and tumor cells were revealed by performing integrated bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and spatial transcriptome data analysis. A risk model was constructed based on ligand/receptor to quantify crosstalk patterns by stepwise regression Cox analysis. RESULTS: Based on cell infiltration scores inferred from bulk RNA-seq data (n = 728), we found that high infiltration of PCs was associated with better overall survival (OS) and response to immunotherapy in BC. Further single-cell transcriptome analysis (n = 8; 41,894 filtered cells) identified two dominant types of PCs, IgG1 and IgA1 PCs. Signal transduction from tumor cells of specific states (stress-like and hypoxia-like tumor cells) to PCs, for example, via the LAMB3/CD44 and ANGPTL4/SDC1 ligand/receptor pairs, was validated by spatial transcriptome analysis and associated with poorer OS as well as nonresponse to immunotherapy. More importantly, a ligand/receptor pair-based risk model was constructed and showed excellent performance in predicting patient survival and immunotherapy response. CONCLUSIONS: PCs are an important component of the tumor microenvironment, and their crosstalk with tumor cells influences clinical outcomes and response to immunotherapies in BC patients.
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Plasmócitos , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Humanos , Ligantes , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/terapia , Transdução de Sinais , Imunoterapia , Microambiente Tumoral , PrognósticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the long-term clinical and radiological results of meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) for discoid lateral meniscus (DLM) patients with MAT for non-discoid lateral meniscus patients and meniscectomy (ME) for DLM patients and, thus, to determine whether DLM patients are suitable candidates for MAT. METHODS: Eight MAT cases in DLM patients were identified (discoid MAT group), six MAT cases in non-discoid lateral meniscus patients (non-discoid MAT group) and ten total meniscectomy cases in DLM patients (discoid ME group) were matched as controls. Subjective evaluations, postoperative radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted at 5 years and 10-14 years, respectively. Joint degeneration was evaluated by the Kellgren-Lawrance (KL) grade and joint space width (JSW). MRI with T2 mapping sequences was used to quantitatively evaluate degeneration of the joint cartilage and shrinkage of the allografts. Student's t test was used to compare quantitative variables and the MannâWhitney U test was used to compare categorical variables. RESULTS: There was no difference in Lysholm, IKDC, Tegner or VAS scores amongst the discoid MAT, non-discoid MAT and discoid ME groups at the final follow-up. No revision surgery was performed in any MAT patient. The JSW narrowing in the discoid MAT group was better than that in the discoid ME group (0.8 ± 0.4 mm vs. 2.1 ± 1.3 mm, p = 0.012) and worse than that in the non-discoid MAT group (0.1 ± 0.1 mm, p = 0.003). The KL progression of the discoid MAT group was less than that of the discoid ME group (1.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.3 ± 0.9, p = 0.034). The discoid ME group had worse cartilage lesion progression than the discoid MAT and non-discoid MAT groups. The allograft width of the DLM patients shrank more than that of the non-discoid patients at the meniscus midbody (3.6 ± 0.9 mm vs. 6.2 ± 1.9 mm, p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Compared to meniscectomy, MAT achieved similar long-term symptom relief and superior chondroprotection in discoid meniscus patients. Despite more graft shrinkage, the outcomes of MAT in discoid meniscus patients were comparable to those in non-discoid meniscus patients. Therefore, DLM patients may be suitable candidates for MAT procedures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
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Meniscectomia , Menisco , Humanos , Meniscectomia/métodos , Meniscos Tibiais/cirurgia , Meniscos Tibiais/transplante , Seguimentos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Aloenxertos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Cathepsin L is an important cysteine protease, but its function in T. spiralis remains unclear. The aim of this research was to explore the biological characteristics of T. spiralis cathepsin L (TsCatL) and its role in T. spiralis-host interactions. Bioinformatic analysis revealed the presence of the cysteine protease active site residues Gln, Cys, His and Asn in mature TsCatL, as well as specific motifs of cathepsin L similar to ERFNIN and GYLND in the prepeptide of TsCatL. Molecular docking of mature TsCatL and E64 revealed hydrophobic effects and hydrogen bonding interactions. Two domains of TsCatL (TsCatL2) were cloned and expressed, and recombinant TsCatL2 (rTsCatL2) was autocatalytically cleaved under acidic conditions to form mature TsCatL. TsCatL was transcribed and expressed in larvae and adults and located in the stichosome, gut and embryo. Enzyme kinetic tests showed that rTsCatL2 degraded the substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC under acidic conditions, which was inhibited by E64 and PMSF and enhanced by EDTA, L-cysteine and DTT. The kinetic parameters of rTsCatL2 were a Km value of 48.82 µM and Vmax of 374.4 nM/min at pH 4.5, 37 °C and 5 mM DTT. In addition, it was shown that rTsCatL2 degraded haemoglobin, serum albumin, immunoglobulins (mouse IgG, human IgG and IgM) and extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, collagen I and laminin). The proteolytic activity of rTsCatL2 was host specific and significantly inhibited by E64. rTsCatL2 possesses the natural activity of a sulfhydryl-containing cysteine protease, and TsCatL is an important digestive enzyme that seems to be important for the nutrient acquisition, immune evasion and invasion of Trichinella in the host.
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Cisteína Proteases , Trichinella spiralis , Animais , Catepsina L/genética , Cisteína Proteases/metabolismo , Imunoglobulina G , Camundongos , Simulação de Acoplamento MolecularRESUMO
Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant solid tumor that is characterized by high hypoxia. The transcription of genes associated with hypoxia affects tumor occurrence and development. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in cancer development. In this study, we screened for differentially expressed ncRNAs (non-coding RNA) and mRNAs between hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) knockdown GC cells and scrambled GC cells. Microarray data revealed that HIF-1α regulated the expression of LINC01355 (Hypoxia Yield Proliferation Associated LncRNA, HYPAL). HYPAL was found to be significantly upregulated in GC cells and tissues and was correlated with poor GC prognosis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays revealed that HIF-1α promoted HYPAL expression by binding the promoter region. A regulatory network for the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) was constructed using bioinformatics tools. Mechanistic studies revealed that HYPAL acted as a ceRNA of miR-431-5p to regulate CDK14 expression. Carcinogenic effects of HYPAL were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The HIF-1α/HYPAL/miR-431-5p/CDK14 (Cyclin-dependent kinase 14) axis activated the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and induced GC cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis. In conclusion, HYPAL is a potential molecular target for GC therapy.
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MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Neoplasias Gástricas , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/genética , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Hipóxia/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes between the immediate and delayed meniscus allograft transplantation (MAT). METHODS: Nine menisci were transplanted immediately after total meniscectomy (immediate group, IM), and 10 menisci were delayed transplanted in patients with the median of 35 months (range 9-92 months) after total meniscectomy (delayed group, DE). Patient's subjective clinical outcomes including VAS, IKDC, Lysholm and Tegner scores as well as muscle strength measures were compared. Joint degeneration was evaluated by both radiographs to assess joint space width narrowing, Kellegren-Lawrence (KL) grade and MRI with T2 mapping sequences to quantitatively analyze both cartilage and meniscal allograft degeneration. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 10.8 years (range 10-14 years). The IKDC (IM vs DE, 89.8 vs 80.9, n.s.) and Lysholm scores (IM vs DE, 87.7 vs 78.0, n.s.) were close in two groups, while the IM group showed slightly lower VAS (IM vs DE, 0.2 vs 1.5, p = 0.031), higher Tegner score (IM vs DE, 7 vs 3.5 p = 0.021) and better quadriceps muscle strength. The IM group had less joint space narrowing (IM vs DE, 0.35 mm vs 0.71 mm, n.s.), less KL grade progression (IM vs DE, 0.6 vs 1.7, p = 0.041) on radiographs and less chondral lesions development on MRIs (Cartilage Degeneration Index, IM vs DE, 252 vs 2038, p = 0.025). All meniscal grafts exhibited degeneration by showing grade 3 signal on MRI, and 4 (4/9) in the IM group and 8 (8/10) cases in the DE group. The T2 value of cartilage and meniscal allograft in the IM group was close to that of the healthy control and was significantly lower than that of the DE group. CONCLUSION: Compared to the conventional delayed MAT, the immediate MAT achieved better cartilage and meniscus protection in the long-term, while its superiority in patient-reported outcomes was limited. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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Doenças das Cartilagens , Menisco , Aloenxertos/transplante , Doenças das Cartilagens/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Cartilagens/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Cartilagens/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Meniscos Tibiais/cirurgia , Meniscos Tibiais/transplante , Menisco/diagnóstico por imagem , Menisco/cirurgia , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most common malignancies, and the clinical outcome of patients with MM remains poor. Our objective is to screen biomarkers correlated with clinicopathological features and survival of patients with MM. A gene co-expression network was constructed to screen hub genes related to the three stages in the International Staging System (ISS) of MM. Functional analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis of the hub genes was performed. CHEK1, a gene most related to the ISS stages of MM, was selected for further clinical validation. A total of 780 hub genes correlated with ISS stages of MM were identified. Functional enrichment analysis of hub genes suggested that these genes were mostly enriched in several gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) that were involved in cell proliferation and immune response. Expression of the gene for the protein checkpoint kinase I (CHEK1) was increased in MM cells from newly diagnosed patients (P = 0.0304) and relapsed patients (P = 0.0002) as compared to normal plasma cells. Meanwhile, CHEK1 was increased more in MM patients with stage II disease (P = 0.0321) and stage III disease (P = 0.0076) than in those with stage I disease. Survival analysis indicated that MM patients in the group characterized by low CHEK1 expression were associated with better clinical outcomes in terms of time to progression, event-free survival, and overall survival. High expression of CHEK1 predicted poor clinical characteristics of MM patient, and our results indicate that it can be considered a biomarker for the diagnosis of MM.
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Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/genética , Mieloma Múltiplo/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/patologia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Objective: The benefit of adjuvant therapy (AT) remains controversial in stage IB gastric cancer (GC). This study aimed to offer a reference for the rational indications of AT.Methods: We retrospectively included 1216 stage IB GC who experienced curative surgery from the SEER database between 2004 and 2015. These patients were allocated into two groups: Group AT and Group surgery alone (Group SA). We established a nomogram to predict OS and then divided whole cohort into low-risk and high-risk groups based on the OS predicted by the nomogram.Results: Six variables, which were significantly related with OS of entire patients after matched, were incorporated in the nomogram. These variables were age, examined lymph nodes, tumor site, marital, family income and stage IB. The C-index of the model was 0.637 and the calibration curve showed that the anticipated values were in accordance with the actual values. The decision curve demonstrated that the optimal clinical impact was achieved when the threshold possibility was 0-56%. Then, the entire cohort was separated into low-risk (≤159 points) as well as high-risk (>159 points) groups based on the projected 5-year OS of recursive partitioning analysis. Group SA revealed a significantly poorer OS than Group AT for high-risk patients (p < .001); on the other hand, there was a comparable OS for low-risk patients (p = .361).Conclusions: We have developed an effective, intuitional and applied prognostic tool to clinical decision-making. For stage IB GC after surgical resection, AT was only recommended for high-risk patients. However, AT may be dispensable for low-risk patients.
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Estadiamento de Neoplasias/mortalidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Idoso , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante/mortalidade , Quimioterapia Adjuvante/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Nomogramas , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Programa de SEER , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidade , Análise de Sobrevida , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The bioengineered luciferase reporter has been widely used for monitoring of a variety of molecular events in living cells because of their ability to provide highly sensitive quantitation with broad linearity. In the present study, we made a cyclin A2-luciferase (CYCA-Luc) fusion protein and examined the utility of this optical reporter for monitoring G2-phase cell cycle arrest in living animals. In vitro luciferase assay and in vivo bioluminescence imaging assay showed that the lithium chloride (LiCl), G2-phase-specific drug, induced G2-phase arrest of cell cycle and increased the activity of this reporter under in vitro or in vivo conditions, and this reporter can also be potentially used in high-throughput screening efforts aimed at discovering novel anti-cancer drugs that will cause cell cycle arrest at the G2-phase in cultivated cell lines and animal models.
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Ciclina A2/genética , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular , Genes Reporter , Luciferases/genética , Imagem Óptica , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Animais , Ciclina A2/biossíntese , Feminino , Pontos de Checagem da Fase G2 do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HeLa , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Cloreto de Lítio/farmacologia , Luciferases/biossíntese , Medições Luminescentes , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/biossíntese , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at different acupoints on mRNA expressions of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (Kir6. 1, Kir6. 2) and conjugated protein (SUR2A, SUR2B) and protein kinases (PKA, PKG and PKC132) in myocardial ischemia model rats. Methods Myocardial ischemia model was established in healthy male SD rats via subcutaneously injec- ting ISO (85 mg/kg) multipointedly (medial root of limbs and the back). Then they were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e., the model group, Neiguan (PC6) group, Lieque (LU7) group, non-acupoint group, 10 in each group. Besides, another 10 healthy rats were recruited as the control group. Corresponding EA was performed at respective acupoints to rats in Neiguan (PC6) group, Lieque (LU7) group, non-acu- point group, with dense-sparse wave, 2 -3 mA, 2 -20 Hz, needle retaining time of 20 min, once per day for 7 successive days. mRNA expression levels of Kir6. 1 and Kir6. 2, SUR2A, SUR2B, PKA, PKG, and PKCß2 in left ventricular myocardium were analyzed by Real-time PCR. Results Compared with the con- trol group, mRNA expressions of each index increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, mRNA expressions of each index significantly decreased in Neiguan (PC6) group and Lieque (LU7) group (P<0. 01). Compared with Neiguan (PC6) group, mRNA expressions of each index significantly increased in Lieque (LU7) group and non-acupoint group (P <0. 01). Compared with Lieque (LU7) group, mRNA expressions of each index significantly increased in non-acupoint group (P <0. 05). Conclusion EA at Neiguan (PC6) could reverse mRNA expression changes of ATP-sensitive potassium channel (Kir6. 1 and Kir6. 2)and conjugated proteins (SUR2A and SUR2B) and protein kinases (PKA, PKG, and PKCß2).
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Eletroacupuntura , Canais KATP , Isquemia Miocárdica , Proteínas Quinases , RNA Mensageiro , Pontos de Acupuntura , Animais , Canais KATP/metabolismo , Masculino , Isquemia Miocárdica/terapia , Canais de Potássio , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that the p53 codon 72 polymorphism is associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) susceptibility; however, the conclusions are inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to obtain a more precise result. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched PubMed to identify relevant studies, and 6 published case-control studies were retrieved, including 924 AML patients and 3832 controls. Odds ratio (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was applied to assess the association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and AML susceptibility. The meta-analysis was performed with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, version 2.2. RESULTS: Overall, no significant association between p53 codon 72 polymorphism and AML susceptibility was found in this meta-analysis (Pro vs. Arg: OR=0.94, 95%CI=0.81-1.10; Pro/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.71-1.22; Arg/Pro vs. Arg/Arg: OR=0.79, 95%CI=0.55-1.13; (Pro/Pro + Arg/Pro) vs. Arg/Arg: OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.62-1.13; Pro/Pro vs. (Arg/Arg + Arg/Pro): OR=1.06, 95%CI=0.83-1.35). Similar results were also found in stratified analysis according to ethnicity and source of controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that p53 codon 72 polymorphism may not be a risk factor for AML, which should be verified in future studies.
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Predisposição Genética para Doença , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Códon , Genótipo , Humanos , Razão de Chances , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragmentation patterns have immense potential for early cancer detection. However, the definition of fragmentation varies, ranging from the entire genome to specific genomic regions. These patterns have not been systematically compared, impeding broader research and practical implementation. Here, 1382 plasma cfDNA sequencing samples from 8 cancer types are collected. Considering that cfDNA within open chromatin regions is more susceptible to fragmentation, 10 fragmentation patterns within open chromatin regions as features and employed machine learning techniques to evaluate their performance are examined. All fragmentation patterns demonstrated discernible classification capabilities, with the end motif showing the highest diagnostic value for cross-validation. Combining cross and independent validation results revealed that fragmentation patterns that incorporated both fragment length and coverage information exhibited robust predictive capacities. Despite their diagnostic potential, the predictive power of these fragmentation patterns is unstable. To address this limitation, an ensemble classifier via integrating all fragmentation patterns is developed, which demonstrated notable improvements in cancer detection and tissue-of-origin determination. Further functional bioinformatics investigations on significant feature intervals in the model revealed its impressive ability to identify critical regulatory regions involved in cancer pathogenesis.
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Ácidos Nucleicos Livres , Fragmentação do DNA , Neoplasias , Humanos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias/sangue , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/genética , Ácidos Nucleicos Livres/sangue , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Aprendizado de Máquina , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Biologia Computacional/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Identification of high-risk people for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is critical for prognosis and early management. Longitudinal epidemiologic studies have observed heterogeneity in the brain and cognitive aging. Brain resilience was described as above-expected cognitive function. The "resilience" framework has been shown to correlate with individual characteristics such as genetic factors and age. Besides, accumulative evidence has confirmed the association of mitochondria with the pathogenesis of AD. However, it is challenging to assess resilience through genetic metrics, in particular incorporating mitochondria-associated loci. OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we first demonstrated that polygenic risk scores (PRS) could characterize individuals' resilience levels. Then, we indicated that mitochondria-associated loci could improve the performance of PRSs, providing more reliable measurements for the prevention and diagnosis of AD. METHODS: The discovery (Nâ¯=â¯1,550) and independent validation samples (Nâ¯=â¯2,090) were used to construct nine types of PRSs containing mitochondria-related loci (PRSMT) from both biological and statistical aspects and combined them with known AD risk loci derived from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Individuals' levels of brain resilience were comprehensively measured by linear regression models using eight pathological characteristics. RESULTS: It was found that PRSs could characterize brain resilience levels (e.g., Pearson correlation test Pminâ¯=â¯7.96×10-9). Moreover, the performance of PRS models could be efficiently improved by incorporating a small number of mitochondria-related loci (e.g., Pearson correlation test P improved from 1.41×10-3 to 6.09×10-6). PRSs' ability to characterize brain resilience was validated. More importantly, by incorporating some mitochondria-related loci, the performance of PRSs in measuring brain resilience could be significantly improved. CONCLUSION: Our findings imply that mitochondria may play an important role in brain resilience, and targeting mitochondria may open a new door to AD prevention and therapy.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Resiliência Psicológica , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/genética , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Estratificação de Risco Genético , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Encéfalo/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Glycolysis has been demonstrated to be pivotal for the carcinogenesis of GC. AIM: To develop a glycolysis-based gene signature for prognostic evaluation in GC patients. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes correlated with glycolysis were identified in stomach adenocarcinoma data (STAD). A risk score was established through a univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis. The model was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. RNA-sequencing data from high- and low-glycolysis groups of STAD patients were analyzed using Cibersort algorithm and Spearman correlation to analyze the interaction of immune cell infiltration and glycolysis. Multiomics characteristics in different glycolysis status were also analyzed. RESULTS: A five-gene signature comprising syndecan 2, versican, malic enzyme 1, pyruvate carboxylase and SRY-box transcription factor 9 was constructed. Patients were separated to high- or low-glycolysis groups according to risk scores. Overall survival of patients with high glycolysis was poorer. The sensitivity and specificity of the model in prediction of survival of GC patients were also observed by receiver operating characteristic curves. A nomogram including clinicopathological characteristics and the risk score also showed good prediction for 3- and 5-year overall survival. Gene set variation analysis showed that high-glycolysis patients were related to dysregulation of pancreas beta cells and estrogen late pathways, and low-glycolysis patients were related to Myc targets, oxidative phosphorylation, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling and G2M checkpoint pathways. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells and multiomics analysis suggested that the different glycolysis status was significantly correlated with multiple immune cell infiltration. The patients with high glycolysis had lower tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load, higher incidence of microsatellite instability and lower chemosensitivity. High glycolysis status was often found among patients with grade 2/3 cancer or poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: The genetic characteristics revealed by glycolysis could predict the prognosis of GC. High glycolysis significantly affects GC phenotype, but the detailed mechanism needs to be further studied.
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It is unclear how telomere-binding protein TPP1 interacts with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and influences cervical cancer development and progression. This study included all eligible 156 cervical cancers diagnosed during 2003-2008 and followed up through 2014, 102 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients, and 16 participants with normal cervix identified at the same period. Correlation of expression of TPP1 and hTERT in these lesions was assessed using Kappa statistics. TPP1 was knocked down by siRNA in three cervical cancer cell lines. We assessed mRNA expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein expression using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining. We further analyzed the impact of TPP1 expression on the overall survival of cervical cancer patients by calculating the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the multivariable-adjusted Cox regression model. Compared to the normal cervix, high TPP1expression was significantly associated with CIN 3 and cervical cancers (P<0.001 for both). Expressions of TPP1 and hTERT were highly correlated in CIN 3 (Kappa statistics = 0.50, P = 0.005), squamous cell carcinoma (Kappa statistics = 0.22, P = 0.011), and adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma (Kappa statistics = 0.77, P = 0.001). Mechanistically, knockdown of TPP1 inhibited the expression of hTERT in both mRNA and protein levels. High expression of TPP1 (HR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.23-5.51) and co-high expression of TPP1 and hTERT (HR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.28-4.43) were independently associated with worse survival in cervical cancer patients. TPP1 and hTERT expression was correlated and high expression of TPP1 was associated with high risk of CIN 3 and cervical cancer and could predict a worse survival in cervical cancer.
Assuntos
Complexo Shelterina , Telomerase , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros , Displasia do Colo do Útero , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Telomerase/genética , Telomerase/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a Telômeros/genética , Displasia do Colo do Útero/genética , Displasia do Colo do Útero/patologia , Displasia do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Displasia do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/genética , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismoRESUMO
Sinularin, a natural product that purified from soft coral, exhibits anti-tumor effects against various human cancers. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that Sinularin inhibited the viability of human prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and displayed significant cytotoxicity only at high concentration against normal prostate epithelial cell RWPE-1. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that Sinularin induced tumor cell apoptosis. Further investigations revealed that Sinularin exerted anti-tumor activity through intrinsic apoptotic pathway along with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and PUMA, inhibition of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, mitochondrial membrane potential collapses, and release of mitochondrial proteins. Furthermore, we illustrated that Sinularin induced cell apoptosis via up-regulating PUMA through inhibition of FOXO3 degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. To explore how Sinularin suppress FOXO3 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, we tested two important protein kinases AKT and ERK that regulate FOXO3 stabilization. The results revealed that Sinularin stabilized and up-regulated FOXO3 via inhibition of AKT- and ERK1/2-mediated FOXO3 phosphorylation and subsequent ubiquitin-proteasome degradation. Our findings illustrated the potential mechanisms by which Sinularin induced cell apoptosis and Sinularin may be applied as a therapeutic agent for human prostate cancer.