Adolescents' Expectations About the Timing of Family Life Events: Unraveling the Role of Value Transmission and Modeling.

Intergenerational continuity in family behaviors partly results from socialization processes in the parental home. However, socialization is a multidimensional process. This article tests hypotheses about the relative importance of value transmission and modeling in explaining expectations of adolescence concerning the timing of leaving home, and entry into cohabitation, marriage, and parenthood. Structural equation modeling on multiactor data from over 1,000 parent-adolescent child couples in the Netherlands is used to test hypotheses. Results suggest that, in general, both value transmission and modeling are important predictors of adolescents' expectations concerning the timing of major family events. Moreover, no differences between mothers and fathers and between boys and girls are observed in the strength of the intergenerational relationships studied.

Propofol vs Sevoflurane anaesthesia on postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a topic of special importance in the geriatric surgical population which primarily resolves within the short term postoperative period, but it can become a long term disorder with significant impact on patient's quality of life. This study was designed to compare the short and long term postoperative cognitive function after propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia in the elderly and to evaluate the role of the inflammatory process. METHODS: Patients, aged 60-74, scheduled for a non-cardiac operation of more than two-hour duration were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial and allocated into two groups in order to receive propofol or sevoflurane anaesthesia. Postoperative early cognitive function was assessed by means of the Mini Mental State Examination test (MMSE) 48 hours postoperatively. Late cognitive function was evaluated by means of 10 psychometric tests, 9 months postoperatively. The role of inflammation was estimated by the incidence of SIRS and the levels of the inflammatory markers. RESULTS: Statistical significant decrease was observed in the postoperative MMSE values in the sevoflurane group. Nine months postoperatively, there was a decline in test performance in the same group and an increase in postoperative values of inflammatory markers in both groups, which turned non-significant in their between comparison (except CRP). CONCLUSION: According to the neuropsychological test evaluation of cognition, there is a negative influence of sevoflurane anaesthesia on the early and late postoperative state. As far as the inflammatory markers are concerned, they don't relate to the patient's cognitive status.

Cyberbullying behavior and adolescents' use of media with antisocial content: a cyclic process model.

The present study examined the role of media use in adolescents' cyberbullying behavior. Following previous research, we propose a Cyclic Process Model of face-to-face victimization and cyberbullying through two mediating processes of anger/frustration and antisocial media content. This model was tested utilizing a cross-sectional design with adolescent participants (N=892). Exposure to antisocial media content was measured with a newly developed content-based scale (i.e., the C-ME), showing good psychometric qualities. Results of structural equation modeling showed that adolescents' exposure to antisocial media content was significantly associated with cyberbullying behavior, especially in adolescents who experienced anger and frustration due to face-to-face victimization. Goodness of fit indices demonstrated a good fit of the theoretical model to the data and indicated that exposure to antisocial media content acts as an amplifier in a cyclic process of victimization-related anger and cyberbullying behavior.

Impact of an anesthesia discharge scoring system on postoperative monitoring after circumcision in children: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Ambulatory surgery in children, combined with new anesthetic methods, leads to shorter hospital stays and an increase in patient and parental satisfaction. AIM: Aim of the study was to determine the feasibility and safety of transferring children directly to the ward without a previous stay in a post anesthesia care unit (PACU), after undergoing circumcision for phimosis under regional anesthesia and non-opioid analgesia. METHODS: 187 healthy children undergoing circumcision were studied in a randomized manner. After surgery, children who met predefined inclusion criteria in the operating room were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Children in the first group (Group A) bypassed the PACU and were admitted directly to the ward, after undergoing assessment using the White and Song scoring system. Children in the second group (Group B) were first transferred to a PACU and then to the ward. The children in Group A who did not meet the criteria of the White and Song scoring system represent the level of risk associated with direct transfer to the ward and no PACU stay. Recovery in the PACU and the ward, parental satisfaction, number of readmissions and the number of parental contacts for medical problems after discharge were recorded and compared between the two study groups. RESULTS: 157 children were randomly assigned into two groups (79 children in Group A and 78 in Group B). Demographic data, the duration of surgery, and recovery in the PACU or the ward were similar for the two groups. No readmissions were observed and most parents were very satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSION: Children undergoing circumcision do not routinely require admission to a PACU and if the appropriate criteria are met, it is safe to transfer them directly to the ward.