RESUMO
Currently, the role of DNA methylation in the IgM-monoclonal gammopathy disease spectrum remains poorly understood. In the present study, a multi-omics prospective analysis was conducted integrating DNA methylation, RNA-seq and WES data in 34 subjects [23 WM, 6 IgM-MGUS, 5 normal controls]. Analysis was focused on defining differences between IgM-gammopathies (WM/IgM-MGUS) compared to controls, and specifically between WM and IgM-MGUS. Between groups, genome-wide DNA methylation analysis demonstrated a significant number of differentially methylated regions which were annotated according to genomic region. Next, integration of RNA-seq data was performed to identify potentially epigenetically deregulated pathways. We found that pathways involved in cell cycle, metabolism, cytokine/immune signaling, cytoskeleton, tumor microenvironment, and intracellular signaling were differentially activated and potentially epigenetically regulated. Importantly, there was a positive enrichment of CXCR4 signaling pathway along with several interleukin (IL-6, IL-8, IL15) signaling pathways in WM compared to IgM-MGUS. Further assessment of known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes uncovered differential promoter methylation of several targets with concordant change in gene expression, including CCND1 and CD79B. Overall, this report defines how aberrant DNA methylation in IgM-gammopathies may play a critical role in the epigenetic control of oncogenesis and key cellular functions.
RESUMO
RE-MIND2 (NCT04697160) compared patient outcomes from the L-MIND (NCT02399085) trial of tafasitamab+lenalidomide with those of patients treated with other therapies for relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who are autologous stem cell transplant ineligible. We present outcomes data for three pre-specified treatments not assessed in the primary analysis. Data were retrospectively collected from sites in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region. Patients were aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed DLBCL and received ≥2 systemic therapies for DLBCL (including ≥1 anti-CD20 therapy). Patients enrolled in the observational and L-MIND cohorts were matched using propensity score-based 1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, balanced for six covariates. Tafasitamab+lenalidomide was compared with polatuzumab vedotin+bendamustine+rituximab (pola-BR), rituximab+lenalidomide (R2), and CD19-chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapies. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included treatment response and progression-free survival. From 200 sites, 3,454 patients were enrolled in the observational cohort. Strictly matched patient pairs consisted of tafasitamab+lenalidomide versus pola-BR (n = 24 pairs), versus R2 (n = 33 pairs), and versus CAR-T therapies (n = 37 pairs). A significant OS benefit was observed with tafasitamab+lenalidomide versus pola-BR (HR: 0.441; p = 0.034) and R2 (HR: 0.435; p = 0.012). Comparable OS was observed in tafasitamab+lenalidomide and CAR-T cohorts (HR: 0.953, p = 0.892). Tafasitamab+lenalidomide appeared to improve survival outcomes versus pola-BR and R2, and comparable outcomes were observed versus CAR-T. Although based on limited patient numbers, these data may help to contextualize emerging therapies for R/R DLBCL. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04697160 (January 6, 2021).
Assuntos
Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Linfoma não Hodgkin , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Rituximab , Lenalidomida , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
The SLC25A22 (Solute Carrier Family 25, Member 22) gene encodes for a mitochondrial glutamate/H+ symporter and is involved in the mitochondrial transport of metabolites across the mitochondrial membrane. We hereby report a 12-year-old girl presenting with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, hypotonia, and global developmental delay. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in SLC25A22 gene (c.97A>G; p.Lys33Glu), as the likely cause of the disease. The phenotype of our patient and EEG recordings do not completely overlap with the phenotypes previously described, leading to a new and more complex form of disease associated with SLC25A22 variants, characterized by dyskinetic movements and oculogyric crisis.
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Deficiências do Desenvolvimento , Epilepsia Generalizada , Proteínas de Transporte da Membrana Mitocondrial/genética , Criança , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia Generalizada/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Hipotonia Muscular/genética , Mutação de Sentido Incorreto , FenótipoRESUMO
Although diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells widely express the BCL2 protein, they rarely respond to treatment with BCL2-selective inhibitors. Here we show that DLBCL cells harboring PMAIP1/NOXA gene amplification were highly sensitive to BCL2 small-molecule inhibitors. In these cells, BCL2 inhibition induced cell death by activating caspase 9, which was further amplified by caspase-dependent cleavage and depletion of MCL1. In DLBCL cells lacking NOXA amplification, BCL2 inhibition was associated with an increase in MCL1 protein abundance in a BIM-dependent manner, causing a decreased antilymphoma efficacy. In these cells, dual inhibition of MCL1 and BCL2 was required for enhanced killing. Pharmacologic induction of NOXA, using the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat, decreased MCL1 protein abundance and increased lymphoma cell vulnerability to BCL2 inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Our data provide a mechanistic rationale for combination strategies to disrupt lymphoma cell codependency on BCL2 and MCL1 proteins in DLBCL.
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Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Amplificação de Genes/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/metabolismo , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Proteína de Sequência 1 de Leucemia de Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Panobinostat/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
The optimal first-line treatment for advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is still a matter of debate. While ABVD is less toxic and as effective as other, more intensive chemotherapy regimens, escalated BEACOPP (BEACOPPesc) is superior to ABVD for initial disease control and prolonged time-to-relapse. However, this advantage is associated with higher rate of early and late toxicities. As most of these data have been accumulated from clinical trials, a retrospective analysis was conducted in a large database of patients treated outside clinical trials to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of these regimes in a real-world setting. From October 2009 to October 2018, 397 advanced-stage HL patients treated with either ABVD or BEACOPPesc were retrospectively assessed in 7 European cancer centers (2 Austrian and 5 Italian centers). Complete metabolic remission (CMR) by PET was achieved in 76% and 85% of patients in the ABVD and BEACOPPesc groups, respectively (p = .01). Severe adverse events occurred more frequently with BEACOPPesc than ABVD. At a median follow-up of 8 years, 9% of the patients who achieved CMR after BEACOPPesc relapsed compared to 16.6% in the ABVD group (p = .043). No statistical difference in progression free survival (PFS) was observed between the two cohorts overall (p = .11), but there was a trend towards a superior PFS in high-risk patients treated with BEACOPPesc (p = .074). Nevertheless, overall survival was similar between the two groups (p = .94). In conclusion, we confirm that ABVD is an effective and less toxic therapeutic option for advanced-stage HL. Although BEACOPP results in better initial tumor control, the long-term outcome remains similar between the two regimens.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Doença de Hodgkin , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Áustria , Bleomicina/administração & dosagem , Bleomicina/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Dacarbazina/administração & dosagem , Dacarbazina/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Etoposídeo/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Doença de Hodgkin/mortalidade , Humanos , Itália , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Prednisona/efeitos adversos , Procarbazina/administração & dosagem , Procarbazina/efeitos adversos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Vimblastina/administração & dosagem , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Vincristina/administração & dosagem , Vincristina/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Although the majority of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be cured with the standard immunochemotherapy R-CHOP, one-third of them relapses with a dismal outcome in most cases. In the recent years, remarkable advances have been achieved based on the discovery of molecular genetics in DLBCL. In addition to the major cell-of-origin designations of germinal center B-cell and activated B-cell subtypes, next-generation sequencing has unveiled the remarkable complexity of DLBCL and identified potential molecular targets for tailored therapies. Despite these findings, the current standard of care for DLBCL patients is still R-CHOP, and optimization of frontline therapy remains an important goal. In this review, we summarize recent updates on the evolution of frontline therapies for DLBCL.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Imunoterapia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Subpopulações de Linfócitos B/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Terapia Combinada , Quimioterapia de Consolidação , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Genes Neoplásicos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/genética , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/terapia , Quimioterapia de Manutenção , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/classificação , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/efeitos dos fármacos , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Progressão , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Indução de Remissão , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Terapia de Salvação , Vincristina/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Rituximab plus bendamustine (R-B) has been demonstrated to improve outcomes and reduce toxicity compared with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in follicular lymphoma (FL). Nevertheless, in clinical practice, many centers still prefer R-CHOP to R-B in patients with FL grade 3A (FL3A). Therefore, we retrospectively assessed patients with FL3A treated with either R-CHOP or R-B in five European cancer centers and compared their outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 132 patients affected by FL grade 3A treated with either R-B or R-CHOP in the first line and evaluated outcome and toxicity according to the type of treatment. This study included 101 patients who were a subgroup of a previously published cohort. RESULTS: R-B was less toxic and achieved a similar percentage of complete remissions compared with R-CHOP (97% vs. 96%, p = .3). During follow-up, 10 (16%) patients relapsed after R-B and 29 (41%) after R-CHOP (p = .001), leading to a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 15 versus 11.7 years, respectively (p = .03). Furthermore, R-B overcame the negative prognostic impact of BCL2 expression (15 vs. 4.8 years; p = .001). However, median overall survival was similar between both groups (not reached for both; p = .8). CONCLUSION: R-B as a first-line treatment of FL3A is better tolerated than R-CHOP and seems to induce more profound responses, leading to a significantly lower relapse rate and prolonged PFS. Therefore, R-B is a valid treatment option for FL grade 3A. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Rituximab plus bendamustine (R-B) has shown to be less toxic and more effective than rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone (R-CHOP) in follicular lymphoma grade 3A. Although both regimens can induce a complete remission in >95% of patients, relapses occur more frequently after R-CHOP than R-B, leading to a significantly longer progression-free survival in the latter. R-B is also able to overcome the impact of negative prognosticators, such as BCL2 expression. However, because of the indolent course of this disease and efficient salvage treatments, overall survival was similar in both treatment groups. Therefore, R-B is a valid treatment option in this patient setting.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/uso terapêutico , Linfoma Folicular/tratamento farmacológico , Rituximab/uso terapêutico , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/efeitos adversos , Ciclofosfamida/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Linfoma Folicular/metabolismo , Linfoma Folicular/mortalidade , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Prednisona/efeitos adversos , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rituximab/efeitos adversos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite the advent of new treatment strategies, many patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse or die of the disease. Prospective clinical trials have demonstrated that lenalidomide is an effective and safe treatment option, especially for non-germinal center B-cell (non-GCB) DLBCL. However, routine clinical data are lacking, which is why we provide the results of the so-far largest relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL real-life analysis. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 123 R/R DLBCL patients who received either 15 or 25 mg/day of lenalidomide from January 2006 to January 2015. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 4.5 years, complete remission was achieved in 32% and a partial remission in 33% non-GCB patients compared with 0% and 3% in the GCB group (p < .001 and .001, respectively), with median response durations of 15 and 5 months, respectively (p < .001). Lenalidomide at 25 mg was superior to 15 mg in terms of response (complete remission 21% and partial remission 23% vs. 0% and 8%; p = .007 and .05) and median response duration (10 vs. 4 months; p = .03). Toxicity was limited and reversible. Median progression-free survival differed between non-GCB and GCB patients (37 vs. 30 months; p < .001) and between the two dosages (24 vs. 34 months; p = .002). However, overall survival was similar between the subgroups (38-42 months). CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that lenalidomide is a valid treatment option for R/R DLBCL, with limited and reversible toxicity, and is more efficient in non-GCB DLBCL and at higher doses. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Despite the advent of new treatment strategies, many patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse or die of the disease; hence, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. This study confirms that lenalidomide is a valid and well-tolerated treatment option for relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL. Superior outcomes were observed in non-germinal center B-cell (GCB) DLBCL, probably because of inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. Similarly, high drug doses resulted in greater clinical benefits. Overall, lenalidomide is a suitable therapeutic option for R/R DLBCL, especially in non-GCB DLBCL, and 25 mg/day dosing should be preferred.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Talidomida/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Lenalidomida , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/patologia , Prognóstico , Indução de Remissão , Prevenção Secundária/métodos , Talidomida/administração & dosagem , Talidomida/efeitos adversos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The optimal first-line treatment for advanced low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphomas (LG-NHL) is still highly debated. Recently, the StiL and the BRIGHT trials showed that the combination of rituximab and bendamustine (R-B) is non-inferior to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) with a better toxicity profile. Utilizing a retrospective analysis, we compared the efficacy and safety of both regimens in clinical practice. From November 1995 to January 2014, 263 LG-NHL patients treated with either R-B or R-CHOP were retrospectively assessed in seven European cancer centers. Ninety patients were treated with R-B and 173 with R-CHOP. Overall response rate was 94 and 92 % for the R-B and the R-CHOP group, respectively. The percentage of complete response was similar for both groups (63 vs. 66 % with R-B and R-CHOP, respectively; p = 0.8). R-B was better tolerated and less toxic than R-CHOP. The median follow-up was 6.8 and 5.9 years for the R-CHOP and the R-B group, respectively. Overall, no difference in progression-free survival (PFS) (108 vs. 110 months; p = 0.1) was observed in the R-B group compared to the R-CHOP cohort. Nevertheless, R-B significantly prolonged PFS in FL patients (152 and 132 months in the R-B and R-CHOP group, respectively; p = 0.05). However, this result was not verified in multivariate analysis probably due to the limits of the present study. We confirm that the R-B regimen administered in patients with LG-NHL is an effective and less toxic therapeutic option than R-CHOP in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/administração & dosagem , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Rituximab/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Vincristina/administração & dosagemAssuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/mortalidade , Interleucina-10/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Interleucina-4/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Fator de Transcrição STAT6/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Sistema Nervoso Central/patologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prognóstico , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
The anthracycline doxorubicin plays a major role in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders. However, its use is often limited due to cardiac toxicity, which seems to be much less in the liposomal non-pegylated formulation (Myocet®). The aim of this study was the evaluation of efficacy and toxicity of Myocet®-containing treatment regimens, with a focus on cardiotoxicity during treatment in lymphoma patients. A total of 326 consecutive patients, treated between March 2008 and December 2013 in 11 Austrian and 1 Italian cancer centers, were retrospectively assessed. Patients' baseline and treatment-related parameters were obtained by reviewing hospital records. Median age was 74 years (range 26-93). The most common histology was DLBCL (60 %), followed by FL (13 %) and MCL (8 %). At least one cardiovascular comorbidity was present in 72 % of patients. Most common grade 3/4 toxicities were hematologic, namely, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and febrile neutropenia in 44, 40, 17, and 16 %. Overall, 43 patients suffered a cardiac event (any grade) with most patients developing congestive heart failure. Parameters significantly associated with severe cardiac events (grades 3-5) were the presence of cardiovascular comorbidities, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and elevated baseline NT-proBNP. Treatment response after first line Myocet®-containing therapy was ≥58 % among all entities (range 58-86 %) and therefore comparable to those of conventional therapeutic regimens. Herein, we provide a detailed toxicity profile of Myocet®-containing chemotherapy regimens. Despite the high rate of patients with preexisting comorbidities, the number of adverse events was encouraging. However, these results need to be confirmed in a prospective randomized trial.
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Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Doxorrubicina/análogos & derivados , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polietilenoglicóis/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS) is the most frequent paraneoplastic syndrome occurring in half of all oncologic patients and is considered as a poor prognosticator. Patients usually present with weight loss, lipolysis, muscle wasting, anorexia, chronic nausea, inflammation, and asthenia. The etiopathogenesis of CACS is still poorly understood, although several factors and biological pathways are known to be involved. Because of the complexity of this multifactorial condition, a single agent therapy may not be sufficient. Indeed, there is a tendency toward an integrated multiple approach including nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments. However, despite encouraging preliminary results, currently there is not enough evidence to support a change in clinical practice. This review provides a brief and practical summary of the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of CACS. Future perspectives will also be discussed.
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Caquexia/etiologia , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/etiologia , Animais , Caquexia/diagnóstico , Caquexia/metabolismo , Caquexia/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/metabolismo , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/terapia , PrognósticoAssuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/uso terapêutico , Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Mieloma Múltiplo/tratamento farmacológico , Talidomida/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Idoso , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Cloridrato de Bendamustina/farmacologia , Bortezomib/farmacologia , Dexametasona/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Talidomida/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cachexia may occur in 40% of cancer patients, representing the major cause of death in more than 20% of them. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of leptin, ghrelin and obestatin as diagnostic and predictive markers of cachexia in oncologic patients. Their impact on patient survival was also evaluated. METHODS: 140 adults with different cancer diagnoses were recruited. Thirty healthy volunteers served as control. Serum ghrelin, obestatin and leptin were tested at baseline and after a follow-up period of 18 months. RESULTS: Ghrelin levels were significantly higher in cancer patients than in healthy subjects (573.31 ± 130 vs 320.20 ± 66.48 ng/ml, p < 0.0001), while obestatin (17.42 ± 7.12 vs 24.89 ± 5.54 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) and leptin (38.4 ± 21.2 vs 76.28 ± 17.48 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) values were lower. At ROC analyses the diagnostic profile of ghrelin (AUC 0.962; sensitivity 83%; specificity 98%), obestatin (AUC 0.798; sensitivity 74.5%; specificity 81.5%) and leptin (AUC 0.828; sensitivity 79%; specificity 73%) was superior to that of albumin (AUC 0.547; sensitivity 63%, specificity 69.4%) for detecting cachexia among cancer patients. On Cox multivariate analyses ghrelin (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 - 1.03; p < 0.0001) and leptin (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.92 - 0.96; p < 0.0001) were significant predictors of death even after correction for other known risk factors such as presence of metastasis and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSION: Ghrelin and leptin are promising biomarkers to diagnose cachexia and to predict survival in cancer patients.
Assuntos
Caquexia/sangue , Caquexia/diagnóstico , Grelina/sangue , Leptina/sangue , Neoplasias/sangue , Idoso , Área Sob a Curva , Biomarcadores/sangue , Caquexia/etiologia , Caquexia/mortalidade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Feminino , Seguimentos , Insuficiência Cardíaca/sangue , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/mortalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Curva ROC , Albumina Sérica/metabolismo , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
The genetic era has opened the opportunity of using personalized therapeutic approaches, in part based on targeting genes with somatic mutations. For example, lymphomas harboring the highly recurrent CREBBP mutation show dependency on HDAC3, thus selective inhibition of HDAC3 reversed the epigenetic effects of CREBBP mutation, halted lymphoma growth, and induced MHC class II expression, enabling the T-cells to recognize and kill lymphoma cells. However, CREBBP wild type (WT) cells are less sensitive to this approach. In this issue of Leukemia, He et al. have executed a genome-wide CRISPR screening that identified GNAS as a target to maximize the therapeutic activity of HDAC3 inhibition in CREBBP WT lymphoma.
RESUMO
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma of germinal center origin, which presents with significant biologic and clinical heterogeneity. Using RNA-seq on B cells sorted from 87 FL biopsies, combined with machine-learning approaches, we identify 3 transcriptional states that divide the biological ontology of FL B cells into inflamed, proliferative, and chromatin-modifying states, with relationship to prior GC B cell phenotypes. When integrated with whole-exome sequencing and immune profiling, we find that each state was associated with a combination of mutations in chromatin modifiers, copy-number alterations to TNFAIP3, and T follicular helper cells (Tfh) cell interactions, or primarily by a microenvironment rich in activated T cells. Altogether, these data define FL B cell transcriptional states across a large cohort of patients, contribute to our understanding of FL heterogeneity at the tumor cell level, and provide a foundation for guiding therapeutic intervention.
Assuntos
Linfoma de Células B , Linfoma Folicular , Humanos , Linfoma Folicular/genética , Linfoma Folicular/patologia , Microambiente Tumoral/genética , Linfoma de Células B/genética , Linfócitos B , CromatinaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) have disparate outcomes. Newer therapies have emerged since the development of International Prognostic Scoring System, and MYD88L265P mutation is now frequently assessed at diagnosis, warranting reexamination of the prognostic parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed records of 889 treatment-naïve patients with active WM, consecutively seen between January 01, 1996, and December 31, 2017, to identify clinical predictors of overall survival (OS) in univariate analyses. Patients with complete data for the parameters significant on the univariate analyses (n = 341) were included in a multivariable analysis to derive a prognostic model, subsequently validated in a multi-institutional cohort. RESULTS: In the derivation cohort (n = 341), age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9 [95% CI, 1.2 to 2.1]; P = .0009), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) above upper limit of normal (HR, 2.3 [95% CI, 1.3 to 4.5]; P = .007), and serum albumin <3.5 g/dL (HR, 1.5 [95% CI, 0.99 to 2.3]; P = .056) were independently prognostic. By assigning a score of 1 point each to albumin <3.5 g/dL (HR, 1.5) and age 66-75 years (HR 1.4) and 2 points for age >75 years (HR, 2.6) or elevated LDH (HR, 2.3), four groups with distinct outcomes were observed on the basis of the composite scores. Five-year OS was 93% for the low-risk (score 0), 82% for low-intermediate risk (score 1), 69% for intermediate-risk (score 2), and 55% for the high-risk (score ≥3; P < .0001) groups. In the validation cohort (N = 335), the model maintained its prognostic value, with a 5-year OS of 93%, 90%, 75%, and 57% for the four groups, respectively (P < .0001). CONCLUSION: Modified Staging System for WM (MSS-WM), utilizing age, albumin, and LDH is a simple, clinically useful, and externally validated prognostic model that reliably risk-stratifies patients with symptomatic WM into four groups with distinct prognosis.