RESUMO
Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a real public health problem in the Congo. We aimed study the histomolecular profile of Hp strains circulating in Brazzaville, Congo, in order to contribute to the improvement of Hp-infected patients in the country. Methods: This was an analytical-transversal study carried out from January to November 2020 (i.e. a study period of 11 months) in the endoscopy centers of Brazzaville as well as the molecular biology and anatomopathology laboratories of Pointe-Noire and Oyo. It involved 100 symptomatic patients over the age of 18 referred for upper GI endoscopy. These patients underwent gastric biopsies for histopathological analysis according to the Sydney classification and molecular analysis using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The frequency of Hp infection was determined using real-time PCR. PCR was also used to identify the Hp strains and assess their tropism in the gastric mucosa. Digestive symptoms, endoscopic lesions, and histopathological lesions associated with HP infection were studied. Results: The incidence of Hp infection was 91%, with a female predominance of 52.75% and an average age of 46.32 years. Endoscopy revealed normal mucosa (56.14%), ulcerated lesions (12.28%), and gastritis (22.81%) in infected patients. Histopathologically, the lesions were chronic atrophic gastritis (91%), with inflammatory activity (16.46%), intestinal metaplasia (16.46%), and adenocarcinoma (3.3%). Cag A strains were present in 85.71% of cases and had no preferential tropism in the gastric mucosa. Strains carrying the Cag A gene were present in severe and serious endoscopic and histopathological lesions. Conclusion: The prevalence of Hp infection is 91% in the Brazzaville population. Cag A strains circulate in high proportions and are implicated in the occurrence of severe lesions of the gastric mucosa.
RESUMO
Background Lynch syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition due to the germline mutation in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes including MLH1 , MSH2 , MSH6, and PMS2 (post-meiotic segregation increased 2). The MMR mutation carriers have high risk for cancers. Pathogenic PMS2 variants are rarely reported in LS-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) with colorectal polyps. The aim of the study was to investigate the genetic etiology of CRC in an individual with CRC with multiple colorectal polyps and a family history of cancers. Patients and Methods The index patient was an African male affected by CRC with multiple colorectal polyps. The clinical diagnostic for LS was based on the Amsterdam II criteria and pedigree. Next-generation sequencing with inherited cancer genes panel was used to detect the pathogenic variant. Results The patient fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria and the pedigree revealed a family history of recurrent CRC. A deleterious PMS2 germline heterozygous mutation c.2192_2196delTAACT was detected. Conclusion Our study supports the notion that LS may be associated with polyps and shows the predisposition of PMS2 heterozygous mutation in LS-associated CRC at young age.
RESUMO
In the absence of interventional endoscopy the treatment of upper digestive hemorrhage a the brazzaville university hospital is only medicinal. Objective of this work was to identify risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding by conducting a retrospective case-type study conducted over a period of 2 years. The 180 patients included for upper digestive hemorrhage were divided into 2 groups accordind to their progressive modality : deceaded patients (cases) and non-deceased patients (controls). Risk factors for mortality were studied by logistic regression. The mortality linked to upper gastrointestinal bleedind was 36.6%, the risk factors for death were age between 30 and 60 with an OR of 9.79 ; male (OR of 2.03) ; late hospitalization over 24 hours (OR of 6.30) ; blood transfusions (OR of 3.5). The protective factors were hemoglobin greater 7 g/dL (OR of 0.28) ; treatment by proton pump inhibitors (OR of 0.36). In conclusion, reducing the still high mortalty rate in our country requires taking into account the identified risque factors and aquiring endoscopic hemostasis equipement.
En absence d'endoscopie interventionnelle, le traitement des hémorragies digestives hautes (HDH) au CHU de Brazzaville est essentiellement médicamenteux. L'objectif de ce travail était d'identifier les facteurs de risque de mortalité des HDH au CHU de Brazzaville en menant une étude pronostique rétrospective de type cas témoin sur une période de 2 ans. Les 180 patients inclus à l'étude pour une HDH ont été repartis en 2 groupes selon leur modalité évolutive : patients décédés (cas) et patients non décédés (témoins). Les facteurs de risques de mortalité ont été étudiés par régression logistique. La mortalité liée aux hémorragies digestives hautes était de 36,6%, les facteurs de risque de décès étaient l'âge entre 30 et 60 ans avec un OR de 9,79 ; le sexe masculin (OR : 2,03) ; la consultation tardive au-delà de 24 heures (OR : 6,30), les transfusions sanguines (OR : 3,5). Les facteurs protecteurs étaient l'hémoglobine supérieure à 7 g/dL (OR : 0,28) ; le traitement par inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons (OR : 0,36). En conclusion, la réduction de la mortalité encore élevée dans notre pays passe par la prise en compte des facteurs de risques identifiés et par l'acquisition de matériel d'hémostase endoscopique.