Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (RNFC): analysis of its first annual report and international comparison with other established registries.

Hip fracture registries have helped improve quality of care and reduce variability, and several audits exist worldwide. The results of the Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry are presented and compared with 13 other national registries, highlighting similarities and differences to define areas of improvement, particularly surgical delay and early mobilization. INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture audits have been useful for monitoring current practice and defining areas in need of improvement. Most established registries are from Northern Europe. We present the results from the first annual report of the Spanish Hip Fracture Registry (RNFC) and compare them with other publically available audit reports. METHOD: Comparison of the results from Spain with the most recent reports from another ten established hip fracture registries highlights the differences in audit characteristics, casemix, management, and outcomes. RESULTS: Of the patients treated in 54 hospitals, 7.208 were included in the registry between January and October 2017. Compared with other registries, the RNFC included patients ≥ 75 years old; in general, they were older, more likely to be female, had a worse prefracture ambulation status, and were more likely to have extracapsular fractures. A larger proportion was treated with intramedullary nails than in other countries, and spinal anesthesia was most commonly used. With a mean of 75.7 h, Spain had by far the longest surgical delay, and the lowest proportion of patients mobilized on the first postoperative day (58.5%). Consequently, development of pressure ulcers was high, but length of stay, mortality, and discharge to home remained in the range of other audits. CONCLUSIONS: National hip fracture registries have proved effective in changing clinical practice and our understanding of patients with this condition. Such registries tend to be based on an internationally recognized common dataset which would make comparisons between national registries possible, but variations such as age inclusion criteria and follow-up are becoming evident across the world. This variation should be avoided if we are to maximize the comparability of registry results and help different countries learn from each other's practice. The results reported in the Spanish RNFC, compared with those of other countries, highlight the differences between countries and detect areas of improvement, particularly surgical delay and early mobilization.

Spanish National Hip Fracture Registry (SNHFR): a description of its objectives, methodology and implementation.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the current situation and clinical variability of the provision of care for Hip Fracture (HF) in Spain and the factors related to it by using a National Registry (NHFR) with high patient numbers and territorial representation NHFR, and to compare results on a national and international level and propose standards and criteria to improve healthcare quality. DESIGN: Continuous registry for at least three years of a representative sample of patients admitted to Spanish hospitals due to HF using the Minimum Common Dataset - international Fragility Fracture Network (FFN) MCD, adapted for Spanish. STUDY SCOPE AND SUBJECTS: all patients over the age of 74 years who are hospitalized with a diagnosis of a fragility HF at the participating hospitals distributed throughout the Spanish territory. Initially 48 hospitals are included, and we expect to incorporate the highest number of sites possible. RESULTS: It is expected to ascertain the current situation of provision of care for HF in Spain. Each hospital will be offered information regarding their results and their situation compared to the rest. The results from national hospitals will be compared to others included in the registry and to hospitals abroad, which use the same database. Variability will be studied, care standards will be established, and objectives will be proposed for the continuous improvement of the care process of this condition.

Role of exercise on sarcopenia in the elderly.

Sarcopenia leads to a loss of strength, later on to a decreased functional status, impaired mobility, a higher risk of falls, and eventually an increased risk of mortality. There are many factors responsible for the decline of muscle mass and muscle strength associated with aging, although the complex, multi-factorial mechanisms driving the sarcopenic process are not clearly understood. Physical inactivity or a decreased physical activity level is a part of the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia and therefore physical activity can be seen as an important factor to reverse or modify the development of this condition. Several treatments have been proposed for the treatment of this loss of muscle and strength, but there is no doubt that exercise represents the most important approach to prevent and treat sarcopenia. In this review, we describe first the conceptual distinctions between the terms sedentary behaviour, physical activity and exercise. In addition, we review the benefits of physical activity in the elderly population, including lower mortality and functional independence, and discuss the four categories for specific recommendations for exercises (aerobic exercise, progressive resistance exercise, flexibility and balance). Finally we discuss the principles governing the prescription of physical activity for older people with sarcopenia and make some specific advices for how to engage older adults in appropriate exercise.

[Oropharyngeal dysphagia in elderly inpatients in a unit of convalescence]. / Disfagia orofaríngea en ancianos ingresados en una unidad de convalecencia.

MAIN OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia at hospital discharge in elderly patients admitted to a Subacute Care Unit (SACU) using the Volume-Viscosity Swalow Test (V-VST) and an adapted version for severe dementia (V-VST-G). METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study; duration; 50 days. Data gathered from the clinical chart at hospital discharge: demographical, clinical, risk factors, and complications of dysphagia, functional course, and V-VCAM and V-VCAM-G outcomes. The results are described comparing the data of the groups with and without dysphagia. RESULTS: 86 Patients (60% women), mean age 83.8 ± 6.7 years. The specific clinical history detected previous oropharyngeal dysphagia in 23 patients (26%). The V-VCAM detected oropharyngeal dysphagia in 46 patients (53.5%). Of them, 30 patients (65.21%) had mixed swallowing disorder, 15 (32.6%) had isolated efficacy disorder, and 1 (2.17%) had isolated safety disorder. Those patients with a positive dysphagia test had a statistically significant higher prevalence of cognitive disorder, higher age, and more positive history of previous dysphagia, worse functional course and mobility impairment, and more complications during their staying at the SACU. CONCLUSIONS: Dysphagia is highly prevalent among this group of elderly patients. Only half of the cases are diagnosed through the specific anamnesis. The V-VCAM detected a high prevalence of dysphagia so that its routine use is recommended specially in patients at risk taking into account the peculiarities of using it in the elderly. This at-risk population would be defined by characteristics such as higher age, cognitive and/or functional impairment.