RESUMO
Objetivo. Evaluar la escala de afluencia familiar (EAF), que consiste en el autorreporte sobre número de computadoras y automóviles del hogar, dormitorio propio y vacaciones, como indicador de nivel socioeconómico (NSE) familiar en adolescentes escolarizados de tres países latinoamericanos. Material y métodos. Fueron encuestados 14 717 estudiantes de secundaria de Argentina, México y Guatemala. Se evaluó la asociación de la EAF con otros indicadores de NSE a nivel familiar (nivel educativo parental, posesión de bienes y servicios tecnológicos) y de entorno escolar (índice de marginación, escuela pública o privada y matrícula escolar). Resultados. La EAF mostró menos datos faltantes que los otros indicadores familiares de NSE. Además, mostró asociaciones en la dirección esperada con los otros indicadores de NSE. Conclusiones. La EAF parece constituir un indicador válido tanto de la riqueza material familiar como del NSE a nivel de la escuela, útil para estudios sobre inequidades en salud en adolescentes latinoamericanos.
Assuntos
Família , Classe Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Humanos , América Latina , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Projetos de Pesquisa , Determinantes Sociais da SaúdeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) are increasingly marketed worldwide, yet limited research on HTPs has been conducted in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) or among adolescents. Guatemala is one of the few LMICs where HTPs are available. This study examined prevalence and correlates of HTP awareness, susceptibility and use among adolescents in Guatemala. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional survey on HTP awareness, susceptibility and use was conducted among 2870 students between the ages of 13 and 17 in private schools in Guatemala City, Guatemala. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was susceptibility to future use of HTP among school-aged current and never smokers in Guatemala. We also explored awareness and use of HTPs. Multivariate binomial regression models were used to explore associations between these outcomes and both sociodemographic factors and established smoking correlates. RESULTS: Of all students (n=2870), about half were aware of HTPs (52.4%) and susceptible to future or continued use (52.4%). Whereas 8.4% of students had tried HTPs in the lifetime (but not in the last month), only 2.9% used HTPs in the past month. Independent correlates of HTP susceptibility and ever-use included: use of other tobacco products (current smoking: adjusted OR (AOR)=10.53 and 6.63, respectively; current e-cigarette use: AOR=21.87 and 10.40, respectively), moderate alcohol consumption (AOR=1.49 and 1.19, respectively), marijuana use in the past 30 days (AOR=3.49 and 2.29, respectively) and having friends who use HTPs (AOR=1.83 and 7.28, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Among this sample of adolescents in Guatemala City, where tobacco control is weak, the prevalence of HTP use was low but susceptibility to future use was high. Tobacco prevention and intervention strategies for cigarettes and e-cigarettes should now also include HTPs, which tend to be used by similar adolescent populations (ie, those who use other substances or are exposed to tobacco through family and friends).
Assuntos
Sistemas Eletrônicos de Liberação de Nicotina , Produtos do Tabaco , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la escala de afluencia familiar (EAF), que consiste en el autorreporte sobre número de computadoras y automóviles del hogar, dormitorio propio y vacaciones, como indicador de nivel socioeconómico (NSE) familiar en adolescentes escolarizados de tres países latinoamericanos. Material y métodos: Fueron encuestados 14 717 estudiantes de secundaria de Argentina, México y Guatemala. Se evaluó la asociación de la EAF con otros indicadores de NSE a nivel familiar (nivel educativo parental, posesión de bienes y servicios tecnológicos) y de entorno escolar (índice de marginación, escuela pública o privada y matrícula escolar). Resultados: La EAF mostró menos datos faltantes que los otros indicadores familiares de NSE. Además, mostró asociaciones en la dirección esperada con los otros indicadores de NSE. Conclusiones: La EAF parece constituir un indicador válido tanto de la riqueza material familiar como del NSE a nivel de la escuela, útil para estudios sobre inequidades en salud en adolescentes latinoamericanos.
Abstract: Objective: To assess the family affluence scale (FAS), which consists of self-reported number of computers and cars in the home, having one's own bedroom and holidays, as a family socioeconomic status (SES) indicator for adolescents in three Latin American countries. Materials and methods: 14 717 secondary students from Argentina, Mexico and Guatemala were surveyed. The association between FAS and other SES indicators at familiar level (parent education and owning of technological goods and services) and school level (marginalization index, public or private school, and school fee) were evaluated. Results: The FAS was associated in the expected direction with all other NSE indicators. Conclusions: The FAS seems to be a valid indicator of the material wealth of adolescent families, as well as of school SES, and it can be used in studies on health inequities in Latin American adolescents.
RESUMO
Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el tabaquismo es una de las principales causas de enfermedad crónica y la principal causa de muerte prevenible a nivel mundial. De no abordarse de manera urgente, para el año 2030 podría llegar a matar a 8 millones de personas anualmente, 80% de estas muertes ocurriendo en países de mediano/bajo ingreso. Los datos sobre la prevalencia de tabaquismo en Guatemala son escasos, según la Encuesta Global del Tabaco en el 2008, en los primeros grados de secundaria hay una prevalencia de tabaquismo de 19.7% para hombres y 13.3% para mujeres.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoking is a major cause of chronic disease and the leading cause of preventable death globally. If not addressed urgently, 2030 might get to kill 8 million people annually, 80% of these deaths occurring in middle / low income. Data on smoking prevalence are scarce in Guatemala, according to "Global Survey of Tobacco" in 2008, in the early grades of school is a smoking prevalence of 19.7% for men and 13.3% for women.