RESUMO
Rotavirus is known to be responsible for remarkable numbers of severe diarrheal episodes and even death in infants and young children. In this study, we aimed to survey genetic diversity and variation analysis of viroporin, which is encoded by the rotavirus NSP4 segment. Thirty-five rotavirus-positive specimens were obtained, and RNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification were performed. After the sequencing process, four specimens were excluded, and the final 31 samples remained for genetic diversity and variation analysis. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P[8] (~78%), followed by G2P[8] (~13%), and equal percentages (3%) of G2P[4], G3P[8], and G-non-typeable-P[8]. Further analyses revealed that variations could be found in the three regions of NSP4, including VP4 binding site (aa 112-146), double-layered particle binding site (aa 161-175), and finally, in the predicted amphipathic alpha-helix. Phylogenic tree analysis demonstrated that the mentioned samples clustered with genotype E1 and E2 reference sequences. As previously reported in the literature, in this study, it was revealed that no apparent correlation exists in the deduced amino acid sequences corresponding to this region between the rotaviruses collected from patients with and without diarrhea.
Assuntos
Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologia , Rotavirus/genética , Toxinas Biológicas/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Viral/genética , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Proteínas Viroporinas/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The pattern and distribution of human rotavirus genotypes in young children in developing countries play an important role in epidemiological studies, as well as providing a strategy for the development of future rotavirus vaccine. METHODS: We evaluated stool samples from 349 children with acute gastroenteritis from Northern Iran (Gorgan city, Golestan province). Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) were utilized to determine the prevalence of human rotavirus in fecal samples. Moreover semi-multiplex RT-PCR technique was carried out in order to determine the P and G genotypes of human rotavirus in rotavirus-positive samples. RESULTS: A total of 46 rotavirus-positive samples were G and P genotyped. Whereas 28 (60.8%) fecal specimens contained only one rotavirus strain, 14 (30.4%) were mixed rotavirus infections and 4 (8.8%) was non-typeable. Overall, during the study, 57.82% of strains identified as genotype G1, G2 (18.70%), G3 (4.69%), G4 (3.13%), G8 (3.13%), G9 (6.26%) and non-typeable G (6.26%). From all these mentioned rotavirus strains, 46 were characterized as P [8] (97.80%) and P [4] (2.20%).Our analysis of the G and P genotyping of strains from all 46 rotavirus-infected children has revealed that 4/46(6.26%) of G type strains were non-typeable. The predominant single G/P combination was G1P [8] (57.82%), followed by, G2P [8] (16.98%), G2P [4] (1.72%), G3P [8] (4.69%), G4P [8] (3.13%) G8P [8] (3.13%), G9P [8] (6.26%) and four cases of non-typeable G (6.26%). Rotavirus was detected in 39 specimens (11.17%) by PAGE and in 38 specimens (10.88%) by LAT. Both tests were 100% specific; however, the LAT was 82.61% sensitive compared to the PAGE, which was 84.78% sensitive. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that to characterize rotavirus strains as well as design new effective vaccines for children with acute gastroenteritis, a large-scale study is needed in future.
Assuntos
Diarreia/virologia , Gastroenterite/virologia , Infecções por Rotavirus/virologia , Rotavirus/genética , Doença Aguda , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/sangue , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Fezes/virologia , Feminino , Gastroenterite/sangue , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Masculino , Infecções por Rotavirus/sangue , Infecções por Rotavirus/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widely distributed lethal disease, worldwide. Humans are usually infected with CCHF virus through a tick bite or close contact with viral contaminated tissues or with blood of domestic animals or of infected patients. The present study reports six cases of CCHF, who were in contact with both infected tissues and blood from sheep. In some regions like Golestan province (North of Iran), clinician suspicion may have an important role in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Conservative therapy (intensive monitoring) and prescription of antiviral medication (Ribavirin) accompanied with corticosteroids, was useful at the early stage of CCHF.