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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of ultra-low dose (ULD) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of proximal caries. METHODS: This in vitro study evaluated 104 molar and premolar teeth. The teeth were mounted in dry skulls and underwent CBCT with four protocols of high-resolution (HR), normal (NORM), ULD-HR, and ULD-NORM; 78 CBCT images were scored by three observers for presence and penetration depth of caries twice with a 2-week interval using a 5-point Likert scale. The teeth were then sectioned and observed under a stereomicroscope (gold standard). The four protocols were compared with each other and with the gold standard. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated and compared by the Chi-square test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The interobserver agreement ranged from 0.5233 to 0.6034 for ULD-NORM, 0.5380 to 0.6279 for NORM, 0.5856 to 0.6300 for ULD-HR, and 0.6614 to 0.7707 for HR images. The intra-observer agreement ranged from 0.6027 to 0.8812 for ULD-HR, 0.7083 to 0.7556 for HR, 0.6076 to 0.9452 for ULD-NORM, and 0.7012 to 0.9221 for NORM images. Comparison of AUC revealed no significant difference between NORM and ULD-NORM (P > 0.05), or HR and ULD-HR (P > 0.05). The highest AUC belonged to HR (0.8529) and the lowest to NORM (0.7774). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the significant reduction in radiation dose in ULD CBCT and its acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detection of proximal caries, this protocol may be used for detection of proximal carious lesions and assessment of their depth.
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This study aimed to explore the neuro-cognitive paradigm in anxiety diseases by integrating neurobiological and cognitive perspectives. The ideal was to enhance our understanding of the complex interplay between neural and cognitive processes in anxiety and its counteraccusations for treatment. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, examining studies that delved into the neurobiological supplements and cognitive impulses in anxiety. The findings revealed the involvement of brain regions similar to the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus in anxiety diseases, along with dysregulation in neurotransmitter systems. Cognitive impulses, including attentional bias towards trouble, interpretation bias, and memory impulses, were constantly observed in individuals with anxiety. The results stressed the bidirectional relationship between neurobiology and cognition, demonstrating that neurobiological factors impact cognitive processes, and cognitive factors modulate neural exertion. Integrated interventions targeting both neurobiological and cognitive factors showed a pledge in treating anxiety diseases. The study linked gaps in the literature and emphasized the significance of considering artistic factors and developing individualized treatment approaches. Overall, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of anxiety diseases and informs unborn exploration and clinical practice.
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Background: Group cognitive-behavioral therapy has demonstrated its effectiveness in treating various psychological disorders. Nevertheless, there is insufficient evidence supporting its application in enhancing both the quality of life and depression among Parkinson's patients. Consequently, this study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy in ameliorating depression symptoms and enhancing the quality of life in individuals afflicted with Parkinson's disease. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial with pre-test and post-test measurements, including a control group, was conducted. The sample consisted of individuals referred to Roozbeh Hospital in Tehran with Parkinson's disease in 2023. Ninety participants were selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group, with 45 participants in each. The experimental group received a three-month cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention consisting of 12 sessions of 90 min. Pre-test and post-test measures included the Beck Depression Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS-25. Results: The results revealed a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of depression and quality of life. The cognitive-behavioral therapy intervention significantly reduced depression and significantly improved the quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease (P≤0.01). Conclusion: Group cognitive-behavioral therapy can be an effective approach for reducing depression and improving the quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Therefore, therapists and healthcare providers can utilize cognitive-behavioral therapy to enhance the well-being of individuals with Parkinson's disease.
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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of dental calcification stages in predicting the peak pubertal stage. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on panoramic and lateral cephalometric images of 406 female patients aged 9-14 years. The skeletal maturity and calcification stages of the mandibular canines, first premolars, second premolars, and second molars were determined using the Hassel-Farman and Demirjian (DI) methods, respectively. The prediction accuracy of the peak pubertal stage with the studied teeth was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve and the area under the curve (AUC). The DI stage of H was designated as the reference level, and Bayesian logistic regression analysis was used to assess the coinciding chance of each DI stage and peak pubertal stage. Results: The AUC range of studied teeth was 0.84-0.92 in predicting peak pubertal stage (all p<0.001). In the canines and first premolars, the coinciding chance of peak pubertal stage and stage H was significantly higher than that in other stages [p<0.05, odds ratio (OR) ≤0.14]. In the second premolars and second molars, the chance of peak pubertal stage coinciding with stages H and G did not significantly differ (p>0.05); however, the chance of stage G coinciding with peak pubertal stage in the second molars was higher than in stage H (OR=4.59). Conclusion: Stage H in all studied teeth and stage G in the second premolars and second molars predict peak pubertal stage with high accuracy. Considering that stage H is the end of tooth calcification stages and the accuracy of predicting stage G of second molar teeth is higher than the above stage, estimating the peak pubertal stage is recommended by the second case.