Carvacrol-Loaded Nanoemulsion Promotes Tocolytic and Anti-Dysmenorrhea Effects in Rodents.

INTRODUCTION: Carvacrol is a phenolic constituent of essential oils that has antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. METHOD: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro spasmolytic and in vivo anti-dysmenorrhea potential of a nanoemulsion-containing carvacrol (nanoCARV). RESULTS: In isolated rat uterus, nanoCARV reduced spontaneous contractions (pEC50 = 3.91 ± 0.25) and relaxed preparations pre-contracted with oxytocin (pEC50 = 3.78 ± 0.2), carbachol (pEC50 = 4.15 ± 0.4), prostaglandin F2α (pEC50 = 3.00 ± 0.36), and KCl (pEC50 = 3.98 ± 0.32). The investigation of the mechanism of action revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the pEC50 values of nanoCARV in the absence or presence of aminophylline or tetraethylammonium. In a primary dysmenorrhea model, treatment with nanoCARV reduced the number of oxytocin-induced abdominal writhes. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the anti-dysmenorrhea effect of nanoCARV may be related to the relaxation of uterine smooth muscle, with participation of the cAMP signaling pathway and potassium channels.

Relevance of routine testing in low-risk patients undergoing minor and medium surgical procedures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preoperative tests aim to reduce morbidity and mortality of surgical patients, cost of perioperative care, and preoperative anxiety. Clinical evaluation allows defining the need for additional tests and strategies to reduce the surgical-anesthetic risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of routine preoperative testing of low-risk patients undergoing minor and medium surgical procedures. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 800 patients seen at the preanesthetic assessment department of Hospital Santo Antonio, Salvador, BA. Patients with physical status ASA I, aged 1-45 years and scheduled to undergo elective minor and medium surgeries were include in the study. We evaluated changes in blood count, coagulation profile, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood sugar, kidney function, sodium and potassium levels, and eventual change in clinical approach occurring due to these changes. RESULTS: Of 800 patients evaluated, a blood count was performed in 97.5%, coagulation in 89%t, electrocardiogram in 74.1%, chest X-ray in 62%, fasting glucose in 68%, serum urea and creatinine in 55.7%, and plasma levels of sodium and potassium in 10.1%. Of these 700 patients, 68 (9.71%) showed changes in preoperative routine tests and only 10 (14.7%) of the patients with abnormal tests had a preoperative modified approach (i.e., new tests ordered, referral to a specialist or surgery postponement). No surgery was suspended. CONCLUSION: We found that preoperative additional tests are excessively ordered, even for young patients with low surgical risk, with little or no interference in perioperative management. Laboratory tests, besides generating high and unnecessary costs, are not good standardized screening instruments for diseases.

Relevance of routine testing in low-risk patients undergoing minor and medium surgical procedures.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preoperative tests aim to reduce morbidity and mortality of surgical patients, cost of perioperative care, and preoperative anxiety. Clinical evaluation allows defining the need for additional tests and strategies to reduce the surgical-anesthetic risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of routine preoperative testing of low-risk patients undergoing minor and medium surgical procedures. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 800 patients seen at the preanesthetic assessment department of Hospital Santo Antonio, Salvador, BA. Patients with physical status ASA I, aged 1-45 years and scheduled to undergo elective minor and medium surgeries were include in the study. We evaluated changes in blood count, coagulation profile, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood sugar, kidney function, sodium and potassium levels, and eventual change in clinical approach occurring due to these changes. RESULTS: Of 800 patients evaluated, a blood count was performed in 97.5%, coagulation in 89%t, electrocardiogram in 74.1%, chest X-ray in 62%, fasting glucose in 68%, serum urea and creatinine in 55.7%, and plasma levels of sodium and potassium in 10.1%. Of these 700 patients, 68 (9.71%) showed changes in preoperative routine tests and only 10 (14.7%) of the patients with abnormal tests had a preoperative modified approach (i.e., new tests ordered, referral to a specialist or surgery postponement). No surgery was suspended. CONCLUSION: We found that preoperative additional tests are excessively ordered, even for young patients with low surgical risk, with little or no interference in perioperative management. Laboratory tests, besides generating high and unnecessary costs, are not good standardized screening instruments for diseases.

Relevância de exames de rotina em pacientes de baixo risco submetidos a cirurgias de pequeno e médio porte / Relevance of routine testing in low-risk patients undergoing minor and medium surgical procedures / Relevancia de los exámenes de rutina en pacientes de bajo riesgo sometidos a cirugías menores

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A avaliação pré-operatória tem como objetivos diminuir a morbimortalidade do paciente cirúrgico, o custo do atendimento perioperatório e a ansiedade pré-operatória. A partir da avaliação clínica deve-se definir a necessidade de exames complementares e estratégias para reduzir o risco anestésico-cirúrgico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o benefício de exames de rotina pré-operatório de pacientes de baixo risco em cirurgias de pequeno e médio porte. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, com 800 pacientes atendidos no consultório de avaliação pré-anestésica do Hospital Santo Antonio, Salvador, BA. Foram incluídos pacientes de 1 a 45 anos, estado físico ASA I, que seriam submetidos a cirurgias eletivas de pequeno e médio porte. Avaliaram-se alterações no hemograma, coagulograma, eletrocardiograma, RX de tórax, glicemia, função renal e dosagem de sódio e potássio e as eventuais mudanças de conduta que ocorreram decorrentes dessas alterações. RESULTADOS: Dos 800 pacientes avaliados, 97,5% fizeram hemograma, 89% coagulograma, 74,1% eletrocardiograma, 62% RX de tórax, 68% glicemia de jejum, 55,7% dosagens séricas de ureia e creatinina e 10,1% dosagens de sódio e potássio séricos. Desses 700 pacientes, 68 (9,71%) apresentaram alteração nos exames pré-operatórios de rotina e apenas 10 (14,7%) dos considerados alterados tiveram conduta pré-operatória modificada, ou seja, solicitação de novos exames, interconsulta ou adiamento do procedimento. Nenhuma das cirurgias foi suspensa. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que excessivos exames complementares são solicitados no pré-operatório, mesmo em pacientes jovens, de baixo risco cirúrgico, com pouca ou nenhuma interferência na conduta perioperatória. Exames aboratoriais padronizados não são bons instrumentos de screening de doenças, além de gerar gastos elevados e desnecessários.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Preoperative tests aim to reduce morbidity and mortality of surgical patients, cost of perioperative care, and preoperative anxiety. Clinical evaluation allows defining the need for additional tests and strategies to reduce the surgical-anesthetic risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of routine preoperative testing of low-risk patients undergoing minor and medium surgical procedures. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 800 patients seen at the preanesthetic assessment department of Hospital Santo Antonio, Salvador, BA. Patients with physical status ASA I, aged 1-45 years and scheduled to undergo elective minor and medium surgeries were include in the study. We evaluated changes in blood count, coagulation profile, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, blood sugar, kidney function, sodium and potassium levels, and eventual change in clinical approach occurring due to these changes. RESULTS: Of 800 patients evaluated, a blood count was performed in 97.5%, coagulation in 89%t, electrocardiogram in 74.1%, chest X-ray in 62%, fasting glucose in 68%, serum urea and creatinine in 55.7%, and plasma levels of sodium and potassium in 10.1%. Of these 700 patients, 68 (9.71%) showed changes in preoperative routine tests and only 10 (14.7%) of the patients with abnormal tests had a preoperative modified approach (i.e., new tests ordered, referral to a specialist or surgery postponement). No surgery was suspended. CONCLUSION: We found that preoperative additional tests are excessively ordered, even for young patients with low surgical risk, with little or no interference in perioperative management. Laboratory tests, besides generating high and unnecessary costs, are not good standardized screening instruments for diseases.

OBJETIVOS Y JUSTIFICATIVA: La evaluación preoperatoria tiene el objetivo de disminuir la morbimortalidad del paciente quirúrgico, el coste de la atención perioperatoria y la ansiedad preoperatoria. A partir de la evaluación clínica debemos definir la necesidad de exámenes complementarios y de estrategias para reducir el riesgo anestésico-quirúrgico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de evaluar el beneficio de exámenes de rutina preoperatorio de pacientes de bajo riesgo en las cirugías menores. MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, transversal con 700 pacientes atendidos en la consulta de evaluación preanestésica del Hospital Santo Antonio, Salvador, BA. Fueron incluidos pacientes de 1 a 45 años, estado físico ASA I, que serían sometidos a cirugías electivas menores. Se evaluaron las alteraciones en el hemograma, el coagulograma, el electrocardiograma, RX de tórax, glucemia, función renal y dosificación de sodio y potasio, y los eventuales cambios de conducta que se suscitaron provenientes de esas alteraciones. RESULTADOS: De los 800 pacientes evaluados un 97,5% realizaron hemograma, 89% coagulograma, 74,1% electrocardiograma, 62% RX de tórax, 68% glucemia en ayunas, 55,7% dosificaciones séricas de urea y creatinina y un 10,1% dosificaciones de sodio y potasio séricos. De esos 800 pacientes, 68 (9,71%) tuvieron alteración en los exámenes preoperatorios de rutina y solo 10 (14,7%) de los considerados alterados tuvieron una conducta preoperatoria modificada, o sea, una solicitación de nuevos exámenes, interconsulta o la postergación del procedimiento. Ninguna de las cirugías se suspendió. CONCLUSIONES: Observamos que los excesivos exámenes complementarios se solicitaban en el preoperatorio, aunque fuese en los pacientes jóvenes y de bajo riesgo quirúrgico, con poca o ninguna interferencia en el conducta perioperatoria. Los exámenes laboratoriales estándares no son buenos instrumentos de screening de enfermedades y pueden generar gastos elevados e innecesarios.