A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of acute aortic dissections in population-based studies.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of all population-based studies reporting on incidence of acute aortic dissections (AADs). METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Open Grey databases from inception to August 2020 for population-based studies reporting on the incidence of AAD. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines using a registered protocol (CRD42020204007). Data were pooled using a random effects model of proportions using Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. The main outcome was the incidence of AAD. Secondary outcomes were incidence type A aortic dissections (TAAD) and type B aortic dissections (TBAD), the incidence of aortic dissection repair and medical management, and the incidence of in-hospital mortality. In addition, we estimated the proportion of aortic dissection repair and mortality (in hospital, overall and specific mortality according to subtype) among patients with AAD. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies were included. The pooled incidence of AADs was 4.8 per 100,000 individuals/year (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6-6.1). The incidence of TAAD was 3.0 per 100,000/year (95% CI, 1.8-4.4) and the incidence of TBAD was 1.6 per 100,000/year (95% CI, 1.1-2.2). The incidence of AAD needing repair was 1.4 per 100,000/year (95% CI, 1.0-2.0) (or 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2-1.7] for TAAD and 0.4 [95% CI, 0.2-0.7] for TBAD). The incidence of medically managed AAD was 3.4 per 100,000/year (95% CI, 2.4-4.5). The incidence of in-hospital death owing to AAD was 1.3 per 100,000 individuals/year (95% CI, 0.9-1.9), 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6-1.4; I2 = 97%) for TAAD, and 0.3 for TBAD (95% CI, 0.2-0.4; I2 = 96%). CONCLUSIONS: A global estimate regarding the incidence rate of AADs was achieved. The incidence of AAD varied significantly between study designs and geographical regions. More accurate information on AAD epidemiology is crucial for public health decisions, clinical understanding, and healthcare management.

Impact of the 3rd Edition of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology on Grey Zone Categories.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid Bethesda Reporting System is a six-tiered system that aims to bring uniformity in reporting thyroid cytology and improve the communication with clinicians. The system has achieved its goal as a presurgical diagnostic method; however, it remains a screening method in the grey zone categories, namely atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) and follicular neoplasm (FN). The book recently released the 3rd edition, following the recent changes in thyroid pathology. One of the most important novelties is subgrouping AUS category and FN to be able to make a better risk stratification in these categories. Our group aims to retrospectively analyze a large dataset based on the new TBSRTC, with a focus on the grey zone categories. METHODS: Only patients who underwent lobectomy or total thyroidectomy were included, allowing for direct comparison between cytological and histopathological results. Cytological evaluations, based on the TBSRTC 3rd edition, were methodically compared with their respective histopathological results, enabling a comprehensive analysis. RESULTS: Of the 244 patients (female:male ratio = 8.8:1, mean age = 56), a total of 252 nodules were evaluated. A distinction was noted with 79 nodules (31%) diagnosed as AUS and 173 nodules (69%) as FN. Intriguingly, the risk of malignancy (ROM) for AUS-overall stood at 44.3%, with AUS-nuclear atypia at 50% and AUS-other at 43.2%. Although the AUS subdivisions did not demonstrate statistical significance, a significant disparity was observed in their distribution, with 15% as AUS-nuclear atypia compared to 85% as AUS-other. This disparity raises the question: Could AUS-other be considered the new waste-basket category in the TBSRTC 3rd edition? Using the TBSRTC 3rd edition as a base, we added a subclassification for FN nodules based on the presence or absence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) nuclear features. Our findings showed that differentiating FN with oncocytic characteristics correlated well with histological outcomes and ROMs. Though retrospective in design with inherent bias potential, our data suggest a possible improvement in PTC case segregation in the FN category when differentiating between FN nodules with and without PTC nuclear features. CONCLUSION: Our retrospective study sheds light on the potential advantages of the TBSRTC 3rd edition, particularly in refining the AUS and FN categories for thyroid nodules. The clear disparity in AUS subcategories raises important questions about their classification and potential future refinements. Moreover, the differentiation of FN nodules based on PTC nuclear features holds a promising approach for better risk stratification.

O pré-natal psicológico como programa de prevenção à depressão pós-parto / The psychological prenatal program as a prevention tool for postpartum depression

O pré-natal psicológico (PNP) é um novo conceito em atendimento perinatal voltado para maior humanização do processo gestacional e do parto e da parentalidade. Pioneiro em Brasília, o programa visa à integração da gestante e da família a todo o processo gravídico-puerperal, por meio de encontros temáticos em grupo, com ênfase psicoterápica na preparação psicológica para a maternidade e paternidade e prevenção da depressão pós-parto (DPP). O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a contribuição do PNP para prevenir a DPP. Optou-se pela metodologia da pesquisa-ação. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: perfil gestacional, perfil puerperal, sessões e materiais produzidos no PNP, Inventário Beck de Depressão, Escala de depressão pós-natal de Edimburgo questionário avaliativo e completamento de frases. Os resultados foram comparados entre cinco colaboradoras participantes do PNP (grupo intervenção) e cinco não participantes (grupo controle) e encontrou-se que entre o grupo intervenção a ocorrência dos fatores de risco superou a dos fatores de proteção e mais metade desse grupo evidenciou depressão gestacional, mas não desenvolveram a DPP. Já no grupo controle, duas colaboradoras apresentaram a DPP. Esses achados sugerem que o PNP associado a fatores de proteção presentes na história das grávidas pode ajudar a prevenir a DPP. Defende-se que a assistência psicológica na gestação, por meio da utilização do PNP, é importante instrumento psicoprofilático que deve ser implementado como uma política pública emunidades básicas de saúde, maternidades e serviços de pré-natal...

Psychological prenatal program(PNP) is a new concept in perinatal care towards greater humanization in the gestational process, birth and parenting. Pioneer in Brasilia, the program aims to integrate pregnant women and family throughout the pregnancy and childbirth process through thematic meetings in psychotherapy groups with an emphasis on psychological preparation for parenthood and prevention of postpartum depression (PPD). The research objective was to evaluate the contribution of PNP to prevent PPD. Action-research methodology was chosen. The instruments used were: gestational profile, puerperal profile, sessions and materials produced in the PNP, Beck Depression Inventory, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, evaluative questionnaire and completing phrases. The results were compared between five collaborating PNP participants (intervention group) and five non-participants (control group). It was found that the in intervention group the occurrence of risk factors overcame the protective factors and more than half of this group showed gestational depression, but didn’t developed the PPD . In the control group, two collaborators presented the PPD. These findings suggest that the PNP associated with protective factors present in the history of pregnant women can help prevent PPD. It is argued that psychological assistance during pregnancy, through the use of PNP, is an important psycoprophylactic tool that should be implemented as a public policy at primary health care, maternity services and prenatal care...