RESUMO
PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between remineralization of incipient root dentin lesions and the presence of polymicrobial biofilms, as well as examine changes in microbial composition. METHODS: Bovine root dentin disks used as specimens for biofilm formation, were cultured using saliva from a single donor. Amsterdam Active Attachment biofilm model was used to grow biofilms. The culture medium was McBain 2005 with 0.2% sucrose and 0.4 ppm F as sodium fluoride. After cultivation for 48 hours to achieve demineralization, a control group (n=10) was obtained and the other specimens were further cultured for 336 hours in two types of remineralization culture medium, with sucrose (S+) and without sucrose (S-), through continuous anaerobic incubation (10% CO2,10% H2, 80% N2). Then half of the specimens cultured in the S- medium were transferred to the S+ medium for an additional 48 hours resulting in three experimental groups S(+) (n=10), S(-) (n=10), and S(-)de (n=10), respectively. Experiment 1: Transverse microradiography (TMR) analysis - Immediately after respective culture treatments, integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) in the dentin specimens were analyzed by TMR. Experiment 2: Microbiome analysis - Sequence data of the 16S rRNA gene of each sample was obtained using MiSeq, and partial base sequences were determined. Next-generation sequencing was performed to determine the taxonomic groups of fungi present in the biofilm samples. RESULTS: Experiment 1: In the control group, formation of dentin demineralization lesions by polymicrobial species biofilms was confirmed. The S(-) group showed significantly decreased IML and shallower LD compared to the control group. The S(-)de group showed a significant increase in IML and LD compared to the S(-) group. Experiment 2: There were statistically significant differences in microbiome between the control group and each of the three experimental groups, both at the genus and species levels. A significant difference in genus was observed between the S(-) group and the S(-)de group. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The confirmation of the possibility of microbial shift occurring during the remineralization process of root caries will lead to the development of new remineralization therapies.
Assuntos
Desmineralização do Dente , Humanos , Animais , Bovinos , Desmineralização do Dente/patologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Dentina , Biofilmes , Minerais , Microrradiografia , Sacarose , Remineralização Dentária , Fluoretos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate on polymicrobial biofilm metabolism and live bacterial count. METHODS: Biofilm was formed using glass disks 12 mm in diameter and 150 µm in thickness. Stimulated saliva was diluted 50-fold with buffered McBain 2005 and cultured in anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 24 hours in anaerobic conditions (10% CO2, 10% H2, 80% N2) to form the biofilm on the glass disks. Following this, biofilms were treated with (1) sterilized deionized water (control), (2) 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (0.2CX), (3) S-PRG eluate diluted to 10% (10% S-PRG)ï¼(4) 20% S-PRGï¼(5) 40% S-PRGï¼(6) 80% S-PRGï¼and (7) S-PRG for 15 minutes (n= 10 per group), and samples were subdivided into two groups for measuring live bacterial count immediately after treatment and after 48 hours of culturing after treatment. The pH of the spent medium collected at the time of culture medium exchange was tested. RESULTS: Immediately after treatment, the live bacterial count of samples treated with drug solutions was significantly lower than the control (8.2 × 108), and the counts of samples treated with 0.2CX (1.3 × 107) and S-PRG (1.4 × 107) were significantly lower than those treated with diluted S-PRG (4.4 × 107-1.4 x 108). When the medium was measured again after culturing for 48 hours, growth was continually inhibited in all treatment groups and the bacterial count of samples treated with S-PRG (9.2 x 107) was significantly lower than that of samples treated with 0.2CX (1.8 × 108). The pH of spent medium immediately after treatment was significantly higher in groups treated with drug solutions (5.5-6.8) than the controls (4.2), and it was highest in the S-PRG-treated group (6.8). Thereafter, when culturing was continued for 48 hours, the pH of all treated groups decreased; however, the pH of the S-PRG-treated group was significantly higher than groups treated with other drug solutions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate not only reduced the live bacterial count of polymicrobial biofilm, but also continuously inhibited the lowering of pH.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Dióxido de Silício , Resinas Acrílicas , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To analyze changes in pH and bacterial flora with duration of culture and timing of sugar supply using a polymicrobial biofilm model. METHODS: The biofilm was prepared using the method of Exterkate et al. Stimulated saliva from an adult was collected on a glass slide and added to unbuffered McBain medium containing 0.2% sucrose and cultivated under anaerobic conditions for 10 hours. Cultivation continued anaerobically in saliva-free medium refreshed twice daily, with or without sucrose, in five groups: in the Control and Groups A and C, with 0.2% sucrose for 96, 192 and 288 hours, respectively; in Groups B and E, with 0.2% sucrose for 96 hours then, respectively, without for 96 and 192 hours; in Group D, with 0.2% sucrose for 96 hours, without for 96 hours, then with for 96 hours. The pH of all spent medium was measured. Total bacteria counts were determined by Q-PCR. The bacterial composition was determined by next-generation sequencing of 16S rDNA. RESULTS: The pH of spent medium depended on the presence or absence of sucrose. Total bacteria counts were higher in A, C and D than the other groups, and markedly lower in Group E. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis showed wider variation of bacterial flora of the biofilm in Groups B, D and E than other groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Inspection of bacterial flora of a biofilm model of the initial caries-inducing environment may lead to the development of materials and procedures for the prevention of dental caries.
Assuntos
Cárie Dentária , Adulto , Bactérias , Biofilmes , Humanos , Saliva , Streptococcus mutans , SacaroseRESUMO
PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of toothpaste containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler particles to that of conventional sodium fluoride (NaF) toothpaste for the prevention of dentin demineralization and biofilm regrowth. METHODS: Bovine root dentin specimens and glass coverslips were used as biofilm growth substrates. To establish biofilms, glass and dentin specimens were incubated for 72 hours in 0.2% sucrose McBain medium inoculated with stimulated saliva from a single donor. Specimens then received a single 5-minute treatment with S-PRG toothpaste, fluoride toothpaste, or sterilized deionized water and were incubated in McBain medium for 120 hours to allow biofilm regrowth. Output parameters during regrowth (72-192 hours) were pH of spent medium, colony-forming unit (CFU) counts of biofilms, and dentin mineral profiles, integrated mineral loss (IML: vol% × µm), and lesion depth (Ld). Treatment group differences were tested by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple range test (P< 0.05). RESULTS: At 144 hours, medium pH was significantly higher in the S-PRG-treated dentin group than in the NaF-treated dentin group. In addition, at 192 hours, the CFU count, IML, and Ld were lower in the S-PRG-treated dentin group than in the NaF-treated dentin group. There were significant differences of pH among dentin groups at 72 hours. Treatment with S-PRG toothpaste markedly inhibited dentin demineralization compared to that with NaF toothpaste. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Toothpaste containing multiple ions-releasing filler suppressed bacterial viability and inhibited dentin demineralization.
Assuntos
Desmineralização do Dente , Cremes Dentais , Animais , Biofilmes , Bovinos , Dentina , FluoretosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of in-office bleaching on the remineralization of enamel lesions filled with organic components of red wine. METHODS: Enamel specimens were exposed to 0.1% NaF solution for 1 minute immersed in red wine for 5 days at 37°C, and subjected to in-office bleaching followed by remineralization in 1.5 mM CaCl2, 0.9 mM KH2PO4, 130 mM KCl, 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.0, at 37°C for 28 days. The presence of organic substances on the enamel surface was detected by Raman spectroscopy. The specimens were also subjected to transverse microradiography (TMR). RESULTS: Raman spectroscopy of baseline lesions showed characteristic peaks at 1,300-1,600 cm-1 which disappeared in bleached specimens. TMR showed that red wine formed subsurface lesions with surface content at approximately 22 mineral volume %. The integrated mineral loss (IML) was significantly lower in unbleached remineralized specimens than at baseline (P< 0.05). The IML of bleached remineralized specimens was lower than that of unbleached specimens, although not significantly (P> 0.05). Lesion depth was significantly lower in the bleached than in the unbleached group (P< 0.05). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In-office bleaching can enhance the remineralization of enamel lesions filled with organic components of red wine.
Assuntos
Esmalte Dentário , Clareamento Dental , Remineralização Dentária , Vinho , Microrradiografia , Minerais , Clareamento Dental/métodosRESUMO
In the present study, we investigated, using micro-Raman spectroscopy (Raman) and transverse microradiography, the influence of bicarbonate [sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3 )] on the effects of carbonate ions in the mineral phase during demineralization (acid resistance test) of subsurface lesions. Baseline lesions were created by demineralizing bovine enamel, and specimens were then exposed to remineralization solutions containing 0, 5, or 50 mM bicarbonate. Acid resistance tests were performed on remineralized and sound enamel specimens. Raman spectra showed that carbonate and phosphate were incorporated into both surface layers and lesion bodies during remineralization in the presence of bicarbonate. Moreover, the presence of bicarbonate did not affect the rates of remineralization, although the average mineral profiles of remineralized enamel differed from those of sound enamel after acid resistance tests. Raman analyses enabled close evaluation of site-specific characteristics of carbonate and phosphate in subsurface lesions. In conclusion, incorporation of carbonate and phosphate ions into enamel subsurface lesions during remineralization does not affect the magnitude of remineralization or acid resistance.
Assuntos
Bicarbonatos , Desmineralização do Dente , Remineralização Dentária , Animais , Bovinos , Esmalte Dentário , Humanos , Microrradiografia , Análise Espectral RamanRESUMO
PURPOSE: To simulate an oral demineralization environment by multiple species of bacteria by inducing subsurface dentin lesions with a polymicrobial biofilm model. METHODS: Polymicrobial biofilms consisting of multiple species of bacteria were generated from stimulated saliva using a high-throughput active attachment model. Biofilms were grown on dentin specimens in McBain medium containing 0, 0.2 or 2.5 ppm F and on glass without fluoride for 192 hours. The medium was refreshed twice daily, after 10 and 14 hours, until 72 hours, followed by treatment for 5 minutes with 400 ppm fluoride. Specimens were recovered after 192 hours. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was measured, and integrated mineral loss (IML) was determined by transversal microradiography. RESULTS: Mineral profiles in specimens grown with 0.2F and 2.5F revealed surface layers and initial lesions distinct from those grown with 0F. IML was significantly lower with 0.2F and 2.5F than with 0F (P < 0.05), although CFUs were similar. CFUs of biofilms grown on dentin in medium containing 0F were 10-fold higher than on glass (P < 0.05). Subsurface lesions on dentin formed consistently, with their growth progression inhibited by application of fluoride. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the induction of subsurface dentin lesions by a polymicrobial biofilm model, and this model may be useful for studies of demineralization supporting in situ and in vivo models.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Dentina/microbiologia , Desmineralização do Dente/microbiologia , Adulto , Animais , Carga Bacteriana , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Bovinos , Meios de Cultura , Dentina/patologia , Fluoretos/farmacologia , Humanos , Microrradiografia , Saliva/microbiologia , Desmineralização do Dente/patologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the in vitro antimicrobial effects of carbamide peroxide (CP) and CP-based home bleaching agents against polymicrobial (PM) biofilms. METHODS: Using a high-throughput active attachment model, PM biofilms were cultured on glass coverslips by diluting the stimulated saliva of one healthy adult. All experiments were performed anaerobically in McBain medium, which was refreshed twice daily. After biofilm formation for 24 or 72 hours, the biofilms were treated with 0.5%, 2.5%, 5%, or 10% CP, 20-fold dilutions of HiLite Shade Up (HS) or Opalescence Regular (OR), 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), 0.2% NaF, or deionized water (n = 10 each). Biofilms were dispersed and the number of colony forming units (CFU) was measured on tryptic soy agar blood plates. Coverslips containing 72-hour biofilms treated with 0.5% and 10% CP and deionized water were stained and scanned by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). RESULTS: Treatment of 24- and 72-hour biofilms with HS, OR and CH yielded significantly fewer colonies than treatment with water or 0.2% NaF. No growing colonies were observed after treatment with 10% CP. CLSM showed that the percentage of dead bacteria increased as the concentration of CP increased.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Peróxidos/farmacologia , Clareadores Dentários/farmacologia , Ureia/análogos & derivados , Adulto , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Infecciosos Locais/farmacologia , Carga Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Peróxido de Carbamida , Cariostáticos/farmacologia , Clorexidina/análogos & derivados , Clorexidina/farmacologia , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Confocal , Peróxidos/administração & dosagem , Saliva/microbiologia , Fluoreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Clareadores Dentários/administração & dosagem , Ureia/administração & dosagem , Ureia/farmacologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: A fluoride-releasing coating material containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler has become commercially available. However, there has been no detailed investigation of its remineralization effects at various tooth surface regions. The remineralization effects of S-PRG filler-containing coating material at different sites of demineralized dentin surfaces in vitro were evaluated. METHODS: Baseline lesions were prepared on bovine root dentin surfaces by immersion in demineralization buffer and divided into four groups: (B)--baseline lesion; (P)--S-PRG filler-containing material; (V)--S-PRG filler-free coating material as negative control; and (X)--resin-modified glass- ionomer as positive control. Material was applied to half the lesion surface, then P, V and X were remineralized in a gel system. Mineral profiles, integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) at four regions, i.e. 1--exposed dentin surface adjacent to the material; 2--at a distance from the material; 3--beneath the material near to the edge; and 4--at a distance from the edge, were analyzed by transversal microradiography. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Games-Howell test with α = 0.05. RESULTS: B showed typical artificial demineralized lesion. The IMLs of V, P and X at regions 1 and 2, and P and X at region 3 were significantly lower than that of B, however, those of V at region 3 and the other three groups at region 4 were not significantly different from that of B. At region 1, P and X showed significantly lower IMLs than V. At region 2, the IML of X showed significantly lower IML than V. There was no significant difference between P and X. The LD values of V, P and X at all regions were not significantly different from that of B. Fluoride, strontium and silicate ions released from the S-PRG filler would provide a favorable environment for remineralization of the demineralized dentin in P.
Assuntos
Materiais Revestidos Biocompatíveis , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Remineralização Dentária , Raiz Dentária/fisiopatologia , Animais , BovinosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Oral microbiome dysbiosis prevention is important to avoid the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Dipotassium glycyrrhizate (GK2) is a licorice root extract with anti-inflammatory effects, and its associated mechanisms have been well-reported. However, their effects on the oral microbiome have not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of GK2 on the oral microbiome using an in vitro polymicrobial biofilm model. METHODS: An in vitro saliva-derived polymicrobial biofilm model was used to evaluate the effects of GK2 on the oral microbiome. One-week anaerobic culture was performed, in which GK2 was added to the medium. Subsequently, microbiome analysis was performed based on the V1-V2 region of the 16 S rRNA gene, and pathogenicity indices were assessed. We investigated the effects of GK2 on various bacterial monocultures by evaluating its inhibitory effects on cell growth, based on culture turbidity. RESULTS: GK2 treatment altered the microbiome structure and decreased the relative abundance of periodontal pathogenic bacteria, including Porphyromonas. Moreover, GK2 treatment reduced the DPP4 activity -a pathogenicity index of periodontal disease. Specifically, GK2 exhibited selective antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogenic bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that GK2 has a selective antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogenic bacteria; thus, preventing oral microbiome dysbiosis. Therefore, GK2 is expected to contribute to periodontal disease prevention by modulating the oral microbiome toward a state with low inflammatory potential, thereby utilizing its anti-inflammatory properties on the host.
Assuntos
Biofilmes , Disbiose , Ácido Glicirrízico , Porphyromonas gingivalis , Saliva , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Disbiose/microbiologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Porphyromonas gingivalis/efeitos dos fármacos , Porphyromonas gingivalis/patogenicidade , Ácido Glicirrízico/farmacologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Microbiota/efeitos dos fármacos , Glycyrrhiza/química , Doenças Periodontais/microbiologia , Doenças Periodontais/prevenção & controle , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Despite resolution of the symptoms of eating and/or swallowing disorders, prolonged tube feeding is maintained in some children. This study summarized the characteristics of children with tube dependence and investigated the causes of tube dependence. METHODS: Clinical and growth data were evaluated using medical records and referral forms for 35 tube-dependent children. RESULTS: The children in this study had a median age of 30 months (range, 17-37 months) on the first visit and 35.5 months (range, 21.3-44.8 months) at tube removal. Seven children were not weaned from the feeding tube within the study period. Twenty-two (63%) of the children were girls, 20 (57%) were able to walk, 24 (69%) had mild mental retardation, and 33 (94%) had underlying disease. Tube-dependent children tended to weigh less than age-matched normal children. Sixteen children (45.7%) were underweight. Children who had their feeding tubes removed before age 3 were significantly younger at the initial visit than those who had their tubes removed after 3 years of age. Increased finger feeding was observed during the period before tube removal. CONCLUSION: Tube-dependent children tend to be close to normal in body growth and intellectual development. When weaning from tube feeding, interventions at earlier ages are more efficient. Reduction in or discontinuation of tube feeding and encouragement of self-feeding were effective to wean off tube feeding.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/reabilitação , Deglutição/fisiologia , Nutrição Enteral/métodos , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Desmame , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the laboratory anti-demineralization effect of a novel fluoride-releasing varnish containing surface reaction-type prereacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler. METHODS: Paired specimens were cut from bovine root dentin. One of each pair was used for the S-PRG group, and the other served as a control (n = 6). A 1 x 3 mm test surface was made on each specimen with the fluoride-releasing varnish. The novel fluoride-releasing varnish is categorized as a two-bottle-type self-etch adhesive. These liquids were mixed, applied on the test surface, and light-cured for 10 seconds. As a control, an S-PRG filler-free varnish was applied in the same manner. Each specimen was immersed in 8% methylcellulose gel demineralization system (1.5 mM Ca, 0.9 mM PO4, 0.1 M acetic acid, pH 5.0) for 7 days at 3 degrees C. The mineral profiles and integrated mineral loss (IML) of the lesions were obtained by transversal microradiography and analytical software. RESULTS: The S-PRG group exhibited significantly thicker surface layer than the control group. Furthermore, the S-PRG group showed significantly lower IML (3,459 vol% xmicropm) than the control group (4,687 vol% xmicropm) ( P < 0.05, Welch's two-sample t-test). The novel fluoride-releasing varnish increased acid resistance of root dentin in the vicinity of the coated surface.
Assuntos
Dentina/química , Fluoretos/química , Pintura , Desmineralização do Dente/induzido quimicamente , Animais , BovinosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study tested the hypothesis that the benefit of fluoride-releasing restorative materials continues even after their reserve of fluoride has been depleted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pits in perspex blocks simulating cavities were filled with either a fluoride-releasing or a non-fluoride-releasing restorative material and a dentin single-section was placed 1 mm from the edge of the filled pit. These combinations were exposed to an acid gel system. Each demineralized dentin section was separated from the adjacent material and immersed in fresh demineralizing solutions. Transversal microradiographs were taken following the two experimental periods. This study defined ΔΔZ as the increase of integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) during the second acid attack. RESULTS: The first acid attack substantially demineralized the near-surface region (depth < 40 µm) in all samples. The second acid attack, however, did not cause further demineralization in this near-surface region. Instead, it demineralized dentin deeper than 40-60 µm. The ΔΔZ of the material that did not release fluoride was significantly greater than that of fluoride-releasing materials. Negative correlations were found between ΔΔZ and the mineral volume% of the near-surface region and lesion body of the initial lesions. These results indicate that the dentin mineral in the near-surface region is chemically altered to become acid-resistant fluorapatite. In addition, lesion progression during the second period of demineralization, which was fluoride-free, may have been affected for the materials that have high mineral content of the surface layer and lesion body. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that dentin surrounding fluoride-releasing materials is protected against demineralization even after the fluoride release has diminished.
Assuntos
Cariostáticos/administração & dosagem , Resinas Compostas/química , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Restauração Dentária Permanente/métodos , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Análise de Variância , Animais , Bis-Fenol A-Glicidil Metacrilato , Bovinos , Dentina/química , Dentina/diagnóstico por imagem , Dentina/metabolismo , Durapatita/metabolismo , Microrradiografia , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
The aim of this study was to investigate the mineral-promoting effects of in-office bleaching agent on enamel subsurface lesions. Enamel subsurface lesions were divided into following groups; D: demineralized samples without any further treatment, DS: samples were further immersed in fresh saliva, DSR: samples were immersed in saliva followed by remineralization buffer, and DSBR: samples were immersed in saliva, subjected to in-office bleaching, and then immersed in remineralization buffer. The control group (CONT) consisted of untreated enamel specimens. Transverse microradiography showed that integrated mineral loss was significantly lower in the DSBR group than in the DSR group. Confocal laser Raman analysis revealed that ν1 phosphate peak height of 959 cm-1 and mineral to matrix ratio of peak heights 959 cm-1 to 1,610 cm-1 in the DSBR group were similar to those in the CONT. In-office bleaching can promote enamel remineralization by altering or removing proteins infiltrated to enamel subsurface lesions.
Assuntos
Esmalte Dentário , Remineralização Dentária , Microrradiografia , Minerais/farmacologia , FosfatosRESUMO
This study investigated the anti-demineralization effects of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler-containing varnishes. Thirty-five bovine root specimens were divided into five treatment groups, with seven specimens each coated with 1) MI varnish (MIV), 2) F varnish (FV), 3) PRG varnish I (PV), 4) PRG varnish II (with sodium fluoride added, PVF), and 5) acid-resistant nail varnish (Control). A 3×1 mm area of the dentin surface adjacent to each varnish was demineralized for one week at 37°C. Integrated mineral loss (IML) of these lesions was determined by transverse microradiography, as was the amount of fluoride released by each material. IML was significantly lower in the PV and PVF groups than in the Control group, and was significantly lower in the PVF than in the MIV and FV groups. These findings indicated that S-PRG filler-containing varnishes, especially varnish containing sodium fluoride, had superior anti-demineralization effects on root dentin.
Assuntos
Fluoretos , Desmineralização do Dente , Animais , Bovinos , Microrradiografia , Fluoreto de SódioRESUMO
Intravenous cannulation is an invasive procedure that causes stress, anxiety, and pain for many patients. A recent animal study found that exposure to green light induced antinociceptive and anxiolytic effects. This study examined whether green color exposure reduced stress, anxiety, and pain during peripheral intravenous cannulation (PIC) for sedation in dental patients. In this controlled clinical trial, 24 patients (mean age 40.9 years) were randomized to wear clear glasses or green-colored glasses for 15 min before PIC on two separate days in a cross-over manner. The primary outcome measures were salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity and stress-related hemodynamic changes, and the secondary outcome measures were the visual analog scale anxiety (VAS-A) and pain (VAS-P) scores during PIC. The sAA level in the clear group significantly increased during PIC compared with baseline, but did not increase in the green group. Median VAS-P scores during PIC were lower in the green group than in the clear group (VAS-P, 17.0 vs. 50.0). Green color exposure with glasses significantly reduced stress and pain during PIC without any adverse effects. This simple, safe, and effective method may be useful during painful medical procedures.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Periférico , Dor , Adulto , Ansiedade , Humanos , Manejo da Dor , Medição da DorRESUMO
We investigated the remineralization effects of Nanoseal (NS) dentin desensitizer on demineralized root dentin. Baseline lesion specimens prepared from bovine root dentin were immersed in artificial saliva (AS) or deionized water (DW) after treatment with NS or fluoride-free Nanoseal (NS(-)). Treatment and control groups comprised: 1, AS; 2, NS/AS; 3, NS(-)/AS; 4,NS/DW; 5, NS(-)/DW; and 6, baseline demineralization. Integrated mineral loss (IML) and lesion depth (LD) were determined by transverse microradiography. Fluoride concentrations in the immersion solutions were measured. AS, NS/AS and NS(-)/AS showed higher mineral volume % at the surface and lesion body than did other groups. NS/AS showed significantly lower IML than did AS. There was no significant difference in IML between NS/AS and NS(-)/AS. The highest concentration of fluoride was in the NS/AS immersion solution. The findings suggest Nanoseal facilitated remineralization of demineralized root dentin, and fluoride and other ions included may have contributed to this effect.
Assuntos
Nanopartículas , Desmineralização do Dente , Animais , Cariostáticos , Bovinos , Dentina , Fluoretos , Microrradiografia , Desmineralização do Dente/tratamento farmacológico , Remineralização Dentária , Raiz DentáriaRESUMO
The demineralization of dentin was studied when placed adjacent to one of four experimental denture base-resins. These experimental resins contained polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and 0, 5, 10, 20 or 30 wt% surface reaction-type prereacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler, respectively. A dentin thin-section was sandwiched between these resins and subjected to demineralization for 1 wk. Microradiographic analyses showed that the mineral vol% of the surface was increased, and lesion formation was inhibited, in a dose-response relationship with the amount of S-PRG filler. Moreover, the mineral loss decreased, by up to 60%, with an increasing amount of filler. These results indicate that denture base-resins containing S-PRG filler possess a substantial inhibition capability against demineralization, and this may thereby assist in preventing root caries of abutment teeth.
Assuntos
Materiais Dentários/química , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Bases de Dentadura , Cimentos de Ionômeros de Vidro/química , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Desmineralização do Dente/patologia , Condicionamento Ácido do Dente/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Polimento Dentário , Adesivos Dentinários/química , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Teste de Materiais , Microrradiografia , Minerais/análise , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Cimentos de Resina/química , Desmineralização do Dente/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The flexural strength, flexural modulus, and the amount of fluoride released from four experimental denture base resins containing 5, 10, 20 and 30 wt% surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler added to the powder were evaluated. The mean flexural strength of the experimental resins, except the 30 wt%, and the flexural modulus of all the resins, complied with ISO 1567 requirements. In the 20 wt% resin, the amount of fluoride released in the initial phase was 1.88 microg/cm2/day, after which the level decreased. After recharging in a 9000 ppm fluoride solution for eight hours, the level of released fluoride increased markedly to 40.21 microg/cm2/16 hrs. Our results show that fluoride levels increased as a function of the S-PRG filler content. After the almost completely discharged resins were recharged, similar fluoride release occurred again. These results suggest that denture base resins containing S-PRG filler have great recharge and release capabilities which may assist in preventing root caries of abutment teeth.
Assuntos
Resinas Acrílicas/química , Cariostáticos/química , Bases de Dentadura , Fluoretos/química , Polimetil Metacrilato/química , Dióxido de Silício/química , Difusão , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Módulo de Elasticidade , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Tamanho da Partícula , Maleabilidade , Estresse Mecânico , Propriedades de Superfície , Fatores de Tempo , Água/químicaRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate anti-demineralization effects of dentin desensitizer containing sodium fluoride and methacrylate-co-p-styrene sulfonic acid (MS polymer) on root dentin using transverse microradiography (TMR). Material and methods: Twenty-four dentin specimens were divided into four groups: MSO (no fluoride), MSF (3000 ppm F), FJL (9000 ppm F), and Control. In MSO and MSF, each desensitizer was rubbed into the dentin surfaces for 10 s then left for 20 s. In FJL, paste containing 9000 ppm F was applied onto the surface for 30 s. All specimens, including the Controls, were rinsed with deionized water, dried and an area of their surface exposed to pH 5.0 acidic solution, refreshed every 24 h, for 4 days. Sections 300-µm-thick were assessed by TMR. Mineral profiles and integrated mineral loss (IML) of lesions were analyzed by dedicated software. IML was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Results: MSF and FJL specimens showed high mineral volume % at the surface and in lesions, and significantly lower IML than the other groups (p < .05). Conclusion: Dentin desensitizer containing 3000 ppm fluoride and MS polymer has the same anti-demineralization effect as does a fluoride paste containing 9000 ppm F.