RESUMO
Drosophila pseudoobscura is a classic model system for the study of evolutionary genetics and genomics. Given this long-standing interest, many genome sequences have accumulated for D. pseudoobscura and closely related species D. persimilis, D. miranda, and D. lowei. To facilitate the exploration of genetic variation within species and comparative genomics across species, we present PseudoBase, a database that couples extensive publicly available genomic data with simple visualization and query tools via an intuitive graphical interface, amenable for use in both research and educational settings. All genetic variation (SNPs and indels) within the database is derived from the same workflow, so variants are easily comparable across data sets. Features include an embedded JBrowse interface, ability to pull out alignments of individual genes/regions, and batch access for gene lists. Here, we introduce PseudoBase, and we demonstrate how this resource facilitates use of extensive genomic data from flies of the Drosophila pseudoobscura subgroup.
Assuntos
Bases de Dados Genéticas , Drosophila/classificação , Drosophila/genética , Genômica , Animais , Genoma , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
PURPOSE: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents may inhibit carcinogenesis in specific tissues including the colon, breast, and pancreas, and, hence, may prove to be effective chemopreventive agents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), acetaminophen, and a COX-2 inhibitor (NS-398) on the growth of cell lines of human ovarian cancer in vitro. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: SK-OV-3, Caov-3, and NIH:OVCAR-3 ovarian carcinoma cell lines were treated with ASA (10(-6) M-10(-2) M), acetaminophen (10(-6) M-10(-2) M), and a COX-2 inhibitor (10(-6) M-10(-4) M) for 96 h. The number of viable cells was determined using a tetrazolium conversion assay. Immunohistochemical assessment was performed for alterations in expression of Ki-67, erbB-2, COX enzyme, and apoptosis in primary ovarian cancer cells using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (Tdt)-mediated nick end labeling assay. RESULTS: A decrease in cell number compared with controls was observed for all of the cell lines treated with ASA, acetaminophen, and COX-2 inhibitor by cell count and tetrazolium conversion assay. A significant decrease in Ki-67 compared with controls in the OVCAR-3 (P = 0.005) and SK-OV-3 (P = 0.007) cell lines after treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor was observed. We observed a decrease in mitotic activity compared with controls in each cell line after treatment with the COX-2 inhibitor. Apoptosis was observed in primary ovarian cancer cell culture treated with COX-2 inhibitor. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest additional study for the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, specifically COX-2 inhibitors, as a strategy of chemoprevention for ovarian cancer.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/prevenção & controle , Acetaminofen/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Aspirina/farmacologia , Biópsia , Western Blotting , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Isoenzimas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana , Nitrobenzenos/farmacologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Órgãos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Prostaglandina-Endoperóxido Sintases/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Sulfonamidas/farmacologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/metabolismoRESUMO
Students in college courses struggle to understand many concepts fundamental to transmission and evolutionary genetics, including multilocus inheritance, recombination, Hardy-Weinberg, and genetic drift. These students consistently ask for more demonstrations and more practice problems. With this demand in mind, the "Genetics and Evolution" app was designed to help students (and their instructors) by providing a suite of tools granting them the ability to: (1) simulate genetic crosses with varying numbers of genes and patterns of inheritance, (2) simulate allele frequency changes under natural selection and/ or genetic drift, (3) quiz themselves to reinforce terminology (customizable by any instructor for their whole classroom), *4) solve various problems (recombination fractions, Hardy-Weinberg, heritability, population growth), and (5) generate literally an infinite number of practice problems in all of these areas to try on their own. Although some of these functions are available elsewhere, the alternatives do not have the ability to instantly generate new practice problems or achieve these diverse functions in devices that students carry in their pockets every day.