RESUMO
The ultraviolet C rays (UVC, wavelength λ = 100-280 nm) light generated by a Hg lamp (λ = 254 nm) and UVC light-emitting diodes (LEDs, λ = 265 and 275 nm) was detected using a fluorescence-enhanced silicon photodiode (FE-PD). Ce-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce), YAG:Pr, YAG:Eu, YAG:Tb, YAG:Cr, Al2O3:Ti, Al2O3:Cr, MgAl2O4:Ti, MgAl2O4:Cr, MgAl2O4:Mn, and commercial fluorescent acrylic resins were tested as phosphor sources to enhance the output signal intensity of the FE-PD irradiated with UVC light. The resulting output signal intensity increased linearly with the UVC light strength, which was adjusted by raising the input current of the UVC LEDs from 0 to 40 mA. The sensitivity of the fabricated UVC detectors, assessed based on the calibration curve slope, varied depending on the phosphor materials. The phosphors effectively enhanced the output signal intensity of the FE-PD, which was up to six times greater than that of the visible and near infrared Si-PD without phosphors; the stronger output signal intensity was achieved using YAG:Tb, YAG:Cr, and a red fluorescent acrylic resin. The visible light emitted by phosphors under UVC irradiation is useful for detecting UVC light by the eye when using FE-PD.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: There is no broad screening instrument that can comprehensively assess parasomnias and sleep-related movement disorders listed in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders. The aim of this study was to develop the Japanese version of the Munich Parasomnia Screening (MUPS), a screening instrument for parasomnias and nocturnal behaviors, which was developed and validated at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry. METHODS: A multi-step translation methodology consisting of forward translation, back translation, expert review, and cognitive debriefing interviews was performed between June and November 2011. RESULTS: The English version of the MUPS was translated into Japanese, and the original author performed an expert review on the basis of a detailed report on the forward and back translation steps. The cognitive debriefing was carried out in five patients with parasomnia. The mean time to fill out the questionnaire was 8 minutes (ranging from 2 to 17 minutes). The authors reviewed and discussed the results of the cognitive debriefing interviews and modified the Japanese version. The final Japanese version was confirmed to be conceptually equivalent to the original English version. CONCLUSION: The Japanese version of the MUPS is an easy-to-use self-rating instrument for parasomnia and nocturnal behavior screening, consistent with the original version. The usage of this instrument would enable clinicians to quickly screen the past history and current frequency of nocturnal behaviors.