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1.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 114(15): E3071-E3080, 2017 04 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28351977

RESUMO

The myogenic regulatory factor MyoD has been implicated as a key regulator of myogenesis, and yet there is little information regarding its upstream regulators. We found that Deltex2 inhibits myogenic differentiation in vitro, and that skeletal muscle stem cells from Deltex2 knockout mice exhibit precocious myogenic differentiation and accelerated regeneration in response to injury. Intriguingly, Deltex2 inhibits myogenesis by suppressing MyoD transcription, and the Deltex2 knockout phenotype can be rescued by a loss-of-function allele for MyoD In addition, we obtained evidence that Deltex2 regulates MyoD expression by promoting the enrichment of histone 3 modified by dimethylation at lysine 9 at a key regulatory region of the MyoD locus. The enrichment is attributed to a Deltex2 interacting protein, Jmjd1c, whose activity is directly inhibited by Deltex2 and whose expression is required for MyoD expression in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we find that Deltex2 causes Jmjd1c monoubiquitination and inhibits its demethylase activity. Mutation of the monoubiquitination site in Jmjd1c abolishes the inhibitory effect of Deltex2 on Jmjd1c demethylase activity. These results reveal a mechanism by which a member of the Deltex family of proteins can inhibit cellular differentiation, and demonstrate a role of Deltex in the epigenetic regulation of myogenesis.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/fisiologia , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Muscular/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/citologia , Proteína MyoD/metabolismo , Mioblastos/citologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Proteína MyoD/genética , Mioblastos/metabolismo , Homologia de Sequência , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases
2.
Mol Cell ; 40(5): 749-61, 2010 Dec 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21145483

RESUMO

Pax3 plays critical roles during developmental and postnatal myogenesis. We have previously shown that levels of Pax3 protein are regulated by monoubiquitination and proteasomal degradation during postnatal myogenesis, but none of the key regulators of the monoubiquitination process were known. Here we show that Pax3 monoubiquitination is mediated by the ubiquitin-activating/conjugating activity of Taf1, a component of the core transcriptional machinery that was recently reported to be downregulated during myogenic differentiation. We show that Taf1 binds directly to Pax3 and overexpression of Taf1 increases the level of monoubiquitinated Pax3 and its degradation by the proteasome. A decrease of Taf1 results in a decrease in Pax3 monoubiquitination, an increase in the levels of Pax3 protein, and a concomitant increase in Pax3-mediated inhibition of myogenic differentiation and myoblast migration. These results suggest that Taf1 regulates Pax3 protein levels through its ability to mediate monoubiquitination, revealing a critical interaction between two proteins that are involved in distinct aspects of myogenic differentiation. Finally, these results suggest that the components of the core transcriptional are integrally involved in the process of myogenic differentiation, acting as nodal regulators of the differentiation program.


Assuntos
Fatores de Transcrição Box Pareados/metabolismo , Células Satélites de Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fatores Associados à Proteína de Ligação a TATA/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição TFIID/metabolismo , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Histona Acetiltransferases , Camundongos , Fator de Transcrição PAX3 , Fatores de Transcrição Box Pareados/genética , Fatores Associados à Proteína de Ligação a TATA/genética , Fator de Transcrição TFIID/genética , Ubiquitinação
3.
Cell Rep Med ; 2(10): 100425, 2021 10 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34755136

RESUMO

Predicting disease progression remains a particularly challenging endeavor in chronic degenerative disorders and cancer, thus limiting early detection, risk stratification, and preventive interventions. Here, profiling the three chronic subtypes of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), we identify the blood platelet transcriptome as a proxy strategy for highly sensitive progression biomarkers that also enables prediction of advanced disease via machine-learning algorithms. The MPN platelet transcriptome reveals an incremental molecular reprogramming that is independent of patient driver mutation status or therapy. Subtype-specific markers offer mechanistic and therapeutic insights, and highlight impaired proteostasis and a persistent integrated stress response. Using a LASSO model with validation in two independent cohorts, we identify the advanced subtype MF at high accuracy and offer a robust progression signature toward clinical translation. Our platelet transcriptome snapshot of chronic MPNs demonstrates a proof-of-principle for disease risk stratification and progression beyond genetic data alone, with potential utility in other progressive disorders.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Policitemia Vera/genética , Mielofibrose Primária/genética , Proteostase/genética , Trombocitemia Essencial/genética , Transcriptoma , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Plaquetas/patologia , Reprogramação Celular , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Policitemia Vera/diagnóstico , Policitemia Vera/metabolismo , Policitemia Vera/patologia , Mielofibrose Primária/diagnóstico , Mielofibrose Primária/metabolismo , Mielofibrose Primária/patologia , Medição de Risco , Trombocitemia Essencial/diagnóstico , Trombocitemia Essencial/metabolismo , Trombocitemia Essencial/patologia
4.
Sci Rep ; 7(1): 6551, 2017 07 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28747756

RESUMO

Endothelial cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells are a promising cell type for enhancing angiogenesis in ischemic cardiovascular tissues. However, our understanding of microenvironmental factors that modulate the process of endothelial differentiation is limited. We examined the role of combinatorial extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on endothelial differentiation systematically using an arrayed microscale platform. Human pluripotent stem cells were differentiated on the arrayed ECM microenvironments for 5 days. Combinatorial ECMs composed of collagen IV + heparan sulfate + laminin (CHL) or collagen IV + gelatin + heparan sulfate (CGH) demonstrated significantly higher expression of CD31, compared to single-factor ECMs. These results were corroborated by fluorescence activated cell sorting showing a 48% yield of CD31+/VE-cadherin+ cells on CHL, compared to 27% on matrigel. To elucidate the signaling mechanism, a gene expression time course revealed that VE-cadherin and FLK1 were upregulated in a dynamically similar manner as integrin subunit ß3 (>50 fold). To demonstrate the functional importance of integrin ß3 in promoting endothelial differentiation, the addition of neutralization antibody inhibited endothelial differentiation on CHL-modified dishes by >50%. These data suggest that optimal combinatorial ECMs enhance endothelial differentiation, compared to many single-factor ECMs, in part through an integrin ß3-mediated pathway.


Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Células Endoteliais/fisiologia , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/fisiologia , Antígenos CD/análise , Caderinas/análise , Células Cultivadas , Células Endoteliais/química , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Integrina beta3/biossíntese , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/análise , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes/química
5.
NPJ Genom Med ; 2: 34, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29263843

RESUMO

Genomic characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may prove useful as a surrogate for conventional tissue biopsies. This is particularly important as studies have shown different mutational profiles between CTCs and ctDNA in some tumor subtypes. However, isolating rare CTCs from whole blood has significant hurdles. Very limited DNA quantities often can't meet NGS requirements without whole genome amplification (WGA). Moreover, white blood cells (WBC) germline contamination may confound CTC somatic mutation analyses. Thus, a good CTC enrichment platform with an efficient WGA and NGS workflow are needed. Here, Vortex label-free CTC enrichment platform was used to capture CTCs. DNA extraction was optimized, WGA evaluated and targeted NGS tested. We used metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) as the clinical target, HCT116 as the corresponding cell line, GenomePlex® and REPLI-g as the WGA methods, GeneRead DNAseq Human CRC Panel as the 38 gene panel. The workflow was further validated on metastatic CRC patient samples, assaying both tumor and CTCs. WBCs from the same patients were included to eliminate germline contaminations. The described workflow performed well on samples with sufficient DNA, but showed bias for rare cells with limited DNA input. REPLI-g provided an unbiased amplification on fresh rare cells, enabling an accurate variant calling using the targeted NGS. Somatic variants were detected in patient CTCs and not found in age matched healthy donors. This demonstrates the feasibility of a simple workflow for clinically relevant monitoring of tumor genetics in real time and over the course of a patient's therapy using CTCs.

6.
Acta Biomater ; 44: 188-99, 2016 10 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27498178

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Recent developments in cell therapy using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (iPSC-ECs) hold great promise for treating ischemic cardiovascular tissues. However, poor post-transplantation viability largely limits the potential of stem cell therapy. Although the extracellular matrix (ECM) has become increasingly recognized as an important cell survival factor, conventional approaches primarily rely on single ECMs for in vivo co-delivery with cells, even though the endothelial basement membrane is comprised of a milieu of different ECMs. To address this limitation, we developed a combinatorial ECM microarray platform to simultaneously interrogate hundreds of micro-scale multi-component chemical compositions of ECMs on iPSC-EC response. After seeding iPSC-ECs onto ECM microarrays, we performed high-throughput analysis of the effects of combinatorial ECMs on iPSC-EC survival, endothelial phenotype, and nitric oxide production under conditions of hypoxia (1% O2) and reduced nutrients (1% fetal bovine serum), as is present in ischemic injury sites. Using automated image acquisition and analysis, we identified combinatorial ECMs such as collagen IV+gelatin+heparan sulfate+laminin and collagen IV+fibronectin+gelatin+heparan sulfate+laminin that significantly improved cell survival, nitric oxide production, and CD31 phenotypic expression, in comparison to single-component ECMs. These results were further validated in conventional cell culture platforms and within three-dimensional scaffolds. Furthermore, this approach revealed complex ECM interactions and non-intuitive cell behavior that otherwise could not be easily determined using conventional cell culture platforms. Together these data suggested that iPSC-EC delivery within optimal combinatorial ECMs may improve their survival and function under the condition of hypoxia with reduced nutrients. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Human endothelial cells (ECs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-ECs) are promising for treating diseases associated with reduced nutrient and oxygen supply like heart failure. However, diminished iPSC-EC survival after implantation into diseased environments limits their therapeutic potential. Since native ECs interact with numerous extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins for functional maintenance, we hypothesized that combinatorial ECMs may improve cell survival and function under conditions of reduced oxygen and nutrients. We developed a high-throughput system for simultaneous screening of iPSC-ECs cultured on multi-component ECM combinations under the condition of hypoxia and reduced serum. Using automated image acquisition and analytical algorithms, we identified combinatorial ECMs that significantly improved cell survival and function, in comparison to single ECMs. Furthermore, this approach revealed complex ECM interactions and non-intuitive cell behavior that otherwise could not be easily determined.


Assuntos
Microambiente Celular , Células Endoteliais/citologia , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Pluripotentes Induzidas/citologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Bovinos , Hipóxia Celular , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Camundongos , Óxido Nítrico/biossíntese , Fenótipo , Molécula-1 de Adesão Celular Endotelial a Plaquetas/metabolismo , Soro
7.
Endocrinology ; 143(3): 801-6, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11861500

RESUMO

Adrenals express a high level of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) activity, and male rats have greater activity than females; however, the identity of the enzyme(s) responsible for this activity and the basis for the sex differences are unknown. Using mice in which hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was inactivated by homologous recombination (HSL -/-), neutral CEH activity was reduced more than 98% compared with controls. Female HSL -/- mice showed a reduction in stimulated corticosterone values. Mechanical separation of rat adrenals revealed less HSL in the outer than the inner cortex. Examination of subfractions of rat adrenals showed that immunoreactive HSL was prominently expressed in microsomes, with lesser amounts in the cytosol and little to no HSL in mitochondrial and nuclear fractions or the lipid droplet. Four- to 10-fold more neutral CEH activity was in the microsomal fraction than any other fraction. No sex differences in the expression or subcellular distribution of HSL protein were found; however, neutral CEH activity was lower in the microsomal fraction of females, and female adrenals contained more cholesteryl esters. Thus, HSL appears to be responsible for most, if not all, of adrenal neutral CEH activity, is prominently expressed in microsomes, and its activity is influenced by sex.


Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/enzimologia , Esterol Esterase/metabolismo , Glândulas Suprarrenais/ultraestrutura , Hormônio Adrenocorticotrópico/farmacologia , Animais , Corticosterona/sangue , Densitometria , Feminino , Immunoblotting , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Caracteres Sexuais , Esterol Esterase/genética , Frações Subcelulares/enzimologia
8.
Cell Stem Cell ; 6(1): 37-47, 2010 Jan 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20085741

RESUMO

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer associated with a very poor prognosis. Recently, the initiation and growth of GBM has been linked to brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), which are poorly differentiated and share features with neural stem cells (NSCs). Here we describe a kinome-wide RNA interference screen to identify factors that control the tumorigenicity of BTICs. We identified several genes whose silencing induces differentiation of BTICs derived from multiple GBM patients. In particular, knockdown of the adaptor protein TRRAP significantly increased differentiation of cultured BTICs, sensitized the cells to apoptotic stimuli, and negatively affected cell cycle progression. TRRAP knockdown also significantly suppressed tumor formation upon intracranial BTIC implantation into mice. Together, these findings support a critical role for TRRAP in maintaining a tumorigenic, stem cell-like state.


Assuntos
Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/análise , Neoplasias Encefálicas/química , Diferenciação Celular , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/química , Glioblastoma/química , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/química , Proteínas Nucleares/análise , Interferência de RNA , Proteínas Adaptadoras de Transdução de Sinal/genética , Animais , Apoptose , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos SCID , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/citologia , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Células Tumorais Cultivadas , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
9.
J Biol Chem ; 278(44): 43870-6, 2003 Oct 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12925534

RESUMO

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is responsible for the neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity in steroidogenic tissues. Through its action, HSL is involved in regulating intracellular cholesterol metabolism and making unesterified cholesterol available for steroid hormone production. Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) facilitates the movement of cholesterol from the outer mitochondrial membrane to the inner mitochondrial membrane and is a critical regulatory step in steroidogenesis. In the current studies we demonstrate a direct interaction of HSL with StAR using in vitro glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments. The 37-kDa StAR is coimmunoprecipitated with HSL from adrenals of animals treated with ACTH. Deletional mutations show that HSL interacts with the N-terminal as well as a central region of StAR. Coexpression of HSL and StAR in Chinese hamster ovary cells results in higher cholesteryl ester hydrolytic activity of HSL. Transient overexpression of HSL in Y1 adrenocortical cells increases mitochondrial cholesterol content under conditions in which StAR is induced. It is proposed that the interaction of HSL with StAR in cytosol increases the hydrolytic activity of HSL and that together HSL and StAR facilitate cholesterol movement from lipid droplets to mitochondria for steroidogenesis.


Assuntos
Glândulas Suprarrenais/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Esterol Esterase/metabolismo , Córtex Suprarrenal/citologia , Animais , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Deleção de Genes , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Hidrólise , Immunoblotting , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Mutação , Fosfoproteínas/química , Testes de Precipitina , Ligação Proteica , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Esterol Esterase/química , Transfecção
10.
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab ; 285(6): E1182-95, 2003 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12954598

RESUMO

To elucidate the role of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in diet-induced obesity, HSL-deficient (HSL-/-) and wild-type mice were fed normal chow or high-fat diets. HSL-/- mice were resistant to diet-induced obesity showing higher core body temperatures. Weight and triacylglycerol contents were decreased in white adipose tissue (WAT) but increased in both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and liver of HSL-/- mice. Serum insulin levels in the fed state and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA levels in adipose tissues were higher, whereas serum levels of adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa (ACRP30)/adiponectin and leptin, as well as mRNA levels of ACRP30/adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and adipsin in WAT, were lower in HSL-/- mice than in controls. Expression of transcription factors associated with adipogenesis (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, CAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha) and lipogenesis (carbohydrate response element-binding protein, adipocyte determination- and differentiation-dependent factor-1/sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c), as well as of adipose differentiation markers (adipocyte lipid-binding protein, perilipin, lipoprotein lipase), lipogenic enzymes (glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 and -2, fatty acid synthase, ATP citrate lyase) and insulin signaling proteins (insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, GLUT4), was suppressed in WAT but not in BAT of HSL-/- mice. In contrast, expression of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism (sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-2, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase-1) and thermogenesis (uncoupling protein-2) was upregulated in both WAT and BAT of HSL-/- mice. Our results suggest that impaired lipolysis in HSL deficiency affects lipid metabolism through alterations of adipose differentiation and adipose-derived hormone levels.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/enzimologia , Gorduras na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Obesidade/genética , Obesidade/metabolismo , Esterol Esterase/metabolismo , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Camundongos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Obesidade/sangue , Obesidade/patologia , Especificidade de Órgãos , Esterol Esterase/genética , Distribuição Tecidual
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