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1.
Epidemiol Infect ; 146(13): 1724-1730, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29945687

RESUMO

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus linked to mucosal and cutaneous carcinogenesis. More than 200 different HPV types exist. We carried out a transversal study to investigate the prevalence of HPV types in two regions of Mexico. A total of 724 genital and non-genital samples from women (F) and men (M) were studied; 241 (33%) from North-Eastern (NE) and 483 (66%) from South-Central (SC) Mexico. The overall prevalence was 87%. In genital lesions from females, the NE group showed a prevalence of HPV types 16 (37%), 6 (13%), 59 (6%), 11, 18 and 66 (5.4% each); and the SC group showed types 6 (17%), 16 (15%), 11 (14.5%), 18 (12%) and 53 (6%). In the genital lesions from males, NE group showed types 16 (38%), 6 (21%), 11 (13%) and 59 plus 31 (7.5%) and the SC group showed types 6 (25%), 11 (22%), 18 (17%) and 16 (11.5%). When the two regions were compared, a higher prevalence of low-risk HPV 6 and 11 was found in the SC region and of high-risk HPV 59, 31 and 66 (the latter can also be present in benign lesions) in the NE region. Our findings complement efforts to understand HPV demographics as a prerequisite to guide and assess the impact of preventive interventions.


Assuntos
Genótipo , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Papillomaviridae/fisiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papillomaviridae/classificação , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Adulto Jovem
2.
Cir Pediatr ; 31(1): 25-28, 2018 Feb 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29419955

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical urgency in children. Frequently, it can be complicated with an intraabdominal abscess that will require a longer and expensive treatment. Our aim is to know if it is possible to predict this complication before its beginning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective case-control study with patients treated between 2011 and 2016, paired according to their own characteristics (age, sex and weight), clinical aspects (symptoms, time of their onset, physical examination) and type of appendicitis (gangrenous). The main variable was the appearance of an intraabdominal abscess in the postoperative period (cases). Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, with a statistical significance level of p < 0.05. RESULTS: We included 54 cases and 108 controls. The occurrence of intraabdominal abscess was significantly associated with preoperative hyponatremia (p < 0.001), elevated CRP (p < 0.05), appendix perforation (p < 0.001) and wound infection (p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis dismissed the value of the CRP as an abscess predictor but showed association in the other three variables cited before. There was no association with the presence of generalized peritonitis at the intervention or the type of surgical approach. CONCLUSIONS: Appendix perforation, infection of the surgical wound and hyponatremia at diagnosis are predictive factors for the appearance of a postoperative intraabdominal abscess after acute gangrene appendicitis. We believe that early identification would favor the secondary prevention of this complication and the decrease of its morbidity.


OBJETIVOS: La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica más frecuente en niños. En numerosas ocasiones el postoperatorio puede complicarse con un absceso intraabdominal que requerirá un tratamiento más largo y costoso. Nuestro objetivo es conocer si es posible predecir dicha complicación antes de producirse. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles tratados entre 2011 y 2016 y pareados según características del paciente (edad, sexo y peso), cuadro clínico (síntomas, tiempo de evolución, exploración física) y tipo de apendicitis (gangrenada). La variable de agrupación fue la aparición de un absceso intraabdominal en el postoperatorio (casos). Se realizó análisis uni y multivariante, con un nivel de significación estadística p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 54 casos y 108 controles. La aparición de absceso intraabdominal se asoció significativamente con la hiponatremia preoperatoria (p < 0,001), la PCR elevada (p < 0,05), la perforación del apéndice (p < 0,001) y la infección de la herida quirúrgica (p < 0,001). El análisis multivariante descartó el valor de la PCR como predictor de absceso pero demostró asociación en las otras tres variables citadas. No se encontró asociación con la presencia de peritonitis generalizada en la intervención o el tipo de abordaje quirúrgico. CONCLUSION: La perforación del apéndice, la infección de la herida quirúrgica y la hiponatremia al diagnóstico son factores predictores de la aparición de un absceso intraabdominal postoperatorio después de una apendicitis aguda gangrenada. Creemos que la identificación precoz favorecería la prevención secundaria de esta complicación y la disminución de su morbilidad.


Assuntos
Abscesso Abdominal/etiologia , Apendicectomia/métodos , Apendicite/cirurgia , Gangrena/etiologia , Doença Aguda , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Hiponatremia/complicações , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Período Pré-Operatório , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/complicações
3.
Acta Ortop Mex ; 36(1): 26-32, 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36099570

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Major orthopedic surgery such as total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Candidates for THA are often older adults, with comorbidities that increase the risk of major bleeding, the IMPROVE scale has independent actors on the risk of bleeding according to the characteristics of the patients at hospital admission. It foresees the possibility of hemorrhage and the need for blood transfusion, being support in decision-making in the planning of a safe THA with the provision of the necessary resources. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity, validity and reliability of the modified IMPROVE scale in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study of processes with a sample of 131 patients undergoing primary THA, in the period from January 01, 2018 to July 01, 2018. RESULTS: The scale presents good reliability, as for the performance of the scale, a good sensitivity was obtained, classifying 96.9% of the patients correctly; which is suitable for the type of scale. CONCLUSIONS: The modified IMPROVE scale is a discretely adequate and useful tool for the prognosis of bleeding risk in patients who undergo THA, compared with other assessment scales developed in other geographical areas. It is recommended to continue with the study of risk factors for major bleeding in this specific population.


INTRODUCCIÓN: La cirugía ortopédica mayor, como la artroplastía total de cadera (ATC), se asocia con mayor riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias. Los candidatos a ATC con frecuencia son adultos mayores, con comorbilidades que aumentan el riesgo de hemorragia mayor. La escala IMPROVE tiene factores independientes sobre el riesgo de sangrado según las características de los pacientes al ingreso hospitalario, prevé la posibilidad de hemorragia y la necesidad de transfusión sanguínea, siendo apoyo en la toma de decisiones en la planeación de ATC seguras con la probabilidad de prever los recursos necesarios. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la sensibilidad, validez y confiabilidad de la escala IMPROVE modificada en los pacientes sometidos a artroplastía total de cadera primaria. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de procesos con una muestra de 131 pacientes sometidos a ATC primaria, en el período del 01 de Enero al 01 de Julio de 2018. RESULTADOS: La escala presenta una buena confiabilidad, en cuanto al rendimiento se obtuvo una buena sensibilidad, clasificando al 96.9% de los pacientes correctamente, lo cual es adecuado para el tipo de escala. CONCLUSIONES: La escala IMPROVE modificada es una herramienta discretamente adecuada y útil para el pronóstico del riesgo hemorrágico en pacientes que se someten a una ATC primaria comparada con otras escalas de valoración desarrolladas en otras zonas geográficas. Se recomienda seguir con el estudio de los factores de riesgo de sangrado mayor en esta población en específico.


Assuntos
Artroplastia de Quadril , Idoso , Artroplastia de Quadril/efeitos adversos , Transfusão de Sangue , Humanos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Fatores de Risco
4.
Cir Pediatr ; 33(2): 61-64, 2020 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32250067

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pilonidal sinus (PS) is a highly frequent condition in teenagers. There is no consensus on which type of closure should be carried out following surgical removal. Our objective is to compare primary closure (PC) results with secondary closure (SC) or deferred closure results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing surgery for PS between 2013 and 2018 were studied and classified according to the type of closure. Presence of infection at removal, recurrence rate, pre- and postoperative antibiotic treat-ment, number of previous drainages, and sinus size were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 57 patients (29 of whom women), 29 were treated using PC and 28 using SC. Mean age was 14±1 years in the PC group, and 16±1 years in the SC group. PC patients presented a postoperative partial dehiscence rate of 26%. No statistically significant differences were found between groups regarding the presence of infection at surgery, recurrence rate, postoperative antibiotic treat-ment, number of previous drainages, and sinus size (p>0.05). The SC group re-quired more postoperative dressings [4 (0-6) vs. 8 (2-11) (p<0.01)] and longer time to healing [60 days (9-240) vs. 98 days (30-450) (p<0.01)]. CONCLUSIONS: 1 out of 4 PS patients with PC presents postoperative partial dehiscence. However, PC involves fewer subsequent dressings and shorter heal-ing times as compared to SC.


INTRODUCCION: El sinus pilonidal (SP) es muy frecuente en adolescentes. Tras la escisión quirúrgica no existe consenso sobre qué tipo de cierre es el más idóneo. Nuestro objetivo es comparar resultados del cierre primario (CP) frente al cierre por segunda intención o diferido (CD). MATERIAL Y METODOS: Estudiamos los pacientes intervenidos de SP desde 2013-2018, clasificándolos según el tipo de cierre. Se analizaron la presencia de infección en el momento de la escisión, la tasa de recidiva, el tratamiento antibiótico pre/postoperatorio, el número de drenajes previos y el tamaño del sinus. RESULTADOS: De los 57 pacientes (29 mujeres), 29 fueron tratados mediante CP y 28 con CD. Su edad media fue de 14 años ± 1a en el grupo CP y 16 años ± 1a en el CD. Los pacientes con CP presentaron una tasa de dehiscencia parcial postoperatoria del 26%. No encontramos diferencias significativas en la presencia de infección en el momento de la intervención, en la tasa de recidiva entre ambos grupos, el tratamiento antibiótico postoperatorio, el número de drenajes previos o el tamaño del sinus (p>0,05). El grupo de CD requirió mayor número de curas postoperatorias [4 (0-6) vs. 8 (2-11) (p<0,01)] y mayor tiempo hasta la curación [60 días (9-240) vs. 98 días (30-450) (p<0,01)]. CONCLUSIONES: Uno de cada 4 pacientes con cierre primario del SP presenta dehiscencia parcial postoperatoria. A pesar de ello las curas posteriores y el tiempo de curación son inferiores comparados con el cierre por segunda intención.


Assuntos
Seio Pilonidal/cirurgia , Técnicas de Fechamento de Ferimentos/classificação , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Drenagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Seio Pilonidal/patologia , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Cir Pediatr ; 33(2): 75-78, 2020 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32250070

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The success of primary bladder closure in bladder exstrophy (BE) is the determining factor for future capacity and continence. In recent years, owing to the unsatisfactory results of staged repair, complete delayed primary reconstruction has gained prominence. OBJECTIVE: To analyze short-term results in male patients with BE undergoing delayed primary closure and compare them with early bladder closure as part of staged repair in our healthcare facility. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The success of bladder closure, postoperative management, complications, and hydronephrosis was assessed over a 12-month follow-up period in both groups: early primary closure (group A) and delayed primary closure (group B). RESULTS: In group A (n=13), mean age at closure was 25 hours and mean pubic diastasis was 32 mm. Patients had respiratory support and muscle relaxation for an average of 4 days postoperatively. Closure success was 85%, and 1 patient presented maintained hydronephrosis beyond the first 6 months. In group B (n=6), mean at closure was 58 days, and mean pubic diastasis was 34 mm. Patients had epidural analgesia and no respiratory support postoperatively. Closure success was 100%. 33% had transient hydronephrosis, and 1 patient (17%) presented maintained bilateral hydronephrosis. The same immobilization technique was used in both groups for 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed primary reconstruction is safe as it allows for closure success without increasing complications as compared to staged repair. A long-term follow-up is required to assess urinary continence, esthetic results, and genital functionality.


INTROUCCION: El éxito del cierre primario vesical en la extrofia (EV) es el factor determinante de la capacidad y continencia futuras. En los últimos años, debido a los resultados poco satisfactorios de la reparación por estadios, la reconstrucción primaria completa diferida ha adquirido mayor protagonismo. OBJETIVO: Analizar los resultados a corto plazo en varones con EV sometidos a cierre primario diferido y compararlos con el cierre vesical precoz en la reparación por estadios en nuestro centro. MATERIAL Y METODOS: Evaluamos el éxito del cierre vesical, el manejo postoperatorio, las complicaciones y la presencia de hidronefrosis durante un tiempo de seguimiento de 12 meses en los grupos: cierre primario precoz (grupo A) y diferido (grupo B). RESULTADOS: En el grupo A (n= 13) la edad media al cierre fue de 25 horas y la diástasis púbica media de 32 mm. Permaneció con asistencia respiratoria y relajación muscular una media de 4 días en el postoperatorio. El éxito del cierre fue del 85% y un paciente mantuvo hidronefrosis más allá de los 6 primeros meses. En el grupo B (n= 6), la edad media al cierre fue de 58 días, la diástasis púbica de 34 mm y se mantuvieron en el postoperatorio con analgesia epidural, sin asistencia respiratoria. El éxito del cierre fue del 100%, el 33% presentó hidronefrosis transitoria y un paciente (17%) hidronefrosis bilateral mantenida. En ambos grupos se empleó igual inmovilización durante 3 semanas. CONCLUSIONES: La reconstrucción primaria diferida es segura, permitiendo el éxito del cierre sin aumentar las complicaciones, comparado con la reparación por estadios. Es necesario un seguimiento a largo plazo para evaluar la continencia urinaria, el resultado estético y la funcionalidad genital.


Assuntos
Extrofia Vesical/cirurgia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Humanos , Hidronefrose/diagnóstico , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Dados Preliminares , Diástase da Sínfise Pubiana/patologia , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Urológicos Masculinos/métodos
6.
Acta ortop. mex ; 36(1): 26-32, ene.-feb. 2022. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447106

RESUMO

Resumen: Introducción: La cirugía ortopédica mayor, como la artroplastía total de cadera (ATC), se asocia con mayor riesgo de complicaciones postoperatorias. Los candidatos a ATC con frecuencia son adultos mayores, con comorbilidades que aumentan el riesgo de hemorragia mayor. La escala IMPROVE tiene factores independientes sobre el riesgo de sangrado según las características de los pacientes al ingreso hospitalario, prevé la posibilidad de hemorragia y la necesidad de transfusión sanguínea, siendo apoyo en la toma de decisiones en la planeación de ATC seguras con la probabilidad de prever los recursos necesarios. Objetivo: Evaluar la sensibilidad, validez y confiabilidad de la escala IMPROVE modificada en los pacientes sometidos a artroplastía total de cadera primaria. Material y métodos: Estudio de procesos con una muestra de 131 pacientes sometidos a ATC primaria, en el período del 01 de Enero al 01 de Julio de 2018. Resultados: La escala presenta una buena confiabilidad, en cuanto al rendimiento se obtuvo una buena sensibilidad, clasificando al 96.9% de los pacientes correctamente, lo cual es adecuado para el tipo de escala. Conclusiones: La escala IMPROVE modificada es una herramienta discretamente adecuada y útil para el pronóstico del riesgo hemorrágico en pacientes que se someten a una ATC primaria comparada con otras escalas de valoración desarrolladas en otras zonas geográficas. Se recomienda seguir con el estudio de los factores de riesgo de sangrado mayor en esta población en específico.


Abstract: Introduction: Major orthopedic surgery such as total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Candidates for THA are often older adults, with comorbidities that increase the risk of major bleeding, the IMPROVE scale has independent actors on the risk of bleeding according to the characteristics of the patients at hospital admission. It foresees the possibility of hemorrhage and the need for blood transfusion, being support in decision-making in the planning of a safe THA with the provision of the necessary resources. Objective: To evaluate the sensitivity, validity and reliability of the modified IMPROVE scale in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty. Material and methods: Study of processes with a sample of 131 patients undergoing primary THA, in the period from January 01, 2018 to July 01, 2018. Results: The scale presents good reliability, as for the performance of the scale, a good sensitivity was obtained, classifying 96.9% of the patients correctly; which is suitable for the type of scale. Conclusions: The modified IMPROVE scale is a discretely adequate and useful tool for the prognosis of bleeding risk in patients who undergo THA, compared with other assessment scales developed in other geographical areas. It is recommended to continue with the study of risk factors for major bleeding in this specific population.

7.
Percept Mot Skills ; 80(3 Pt 2): 1215-8, 1995 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7478880

RESUMO

The purpose was to study performance on an insight problem by 3- to 25-yr.-olds. A task involving restructuring and requiring two wooden blocks be fitted together to form a tetrahedron was presented to five groups of 20 subjects each from kindergarten, primary school, secondary school, high school, and a university. The frequencies of solvers within each group increased from the first age group to the third but then remained constant. Solution times and frequencies of solutions attempted were not significantly different among the five groups. Perhaps insight does not follow the same developmental trend as other thinking processes.


Assuntos
Conscientização , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Reconhecimento Visual de Modelos , Resolução de Problemas , Desempenho Psicomotor , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Percepção de Profundidade , Aprendizagem por Discriminação , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Orientação
9.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 38(3): 301-312, set. 2011. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-608788

RESUMO

Preschool Venezuelan children underwent a study that measures the relationship between anthropometric nutritional state, food habits and physical activity level (PAL). Methods: Using Frisancho's pattern as a reference, 173 children were studied, and anthropometric indicators such as height/age, weight/height and both lean and fat arm areas were measured. To assess food habits and PAL, a questionnaire was developed and applied. Results: For vegetables, fruits and fats the consumption patterns was low, and for cereals, meats, and dairy products was high. In 52 percent of the children the PAL was intense, and in the 27 percent was light. Among food habits, PAL and sedentary index (SI) an association was found. Conclusions: Results suggest implementing changes from the preschool stage to correct for inappropriate food habits, to encourage physical activity and to avoid a high SI, will relate to the appearance of adult chronic degenerative diseases.


Se estudió la relación entre el estado nutricional medido por antropometría, los hábitos alimentarios y el nivel de actividad física (NAF) de preescolares venezolanos. Metodología: Se estudiaron 173 niños y se construyeron los indicadores antropométricos: talla/ edad, peso/ talla, área magra y área grasa del brazo, utilizando el patrón de Frisancho como referencia. Se creó y aplicó un instrumento para evaluar los hábitos alimentarios y el NAF. Resultados: El patrón de consumo fue bajo para el grupo de vegetales, frutas y grasas, y alto para el consumo de cereales, carnes y lácteos. El NAF en 52 por ciento de los preescolares fue intenso y en 27 por ciento leve. Se encontró una asociación entre los hábitos alimentario, el NAF y el Índice de Sedentarismo (IS). Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que se debe implementar cambios desde la etapa preescolar, para corregir precozmente los inadecuados hábitos alimentarios, fomentar la actividad física y evitar los altos IS con la consecuente aparición de enfermedades degenerativas crónicas del adulto.


Assuntos
Pesos e Medidas Corporais , Exercício Físico , Avaliação Nutricional , Pré-Escolar , Estado Nutricional , Comportamento Alimentar , Venezuela
10.
Farmaco Sci ; 41(9): 684-8, 1986 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3780958

RESUMO

The antiplatelet activity of twelve new derivatives of phenacyl-piperazine was studied. Eight of them proved to be inactive by Born's method. The other four compound partially inhibited the aggregating effects induced by adrenaline and ADP, but did not prevent the effects produced by collagen. Although it was not possible to establish any relationship between chemical structure and antiplatelet activity, it looks as if there is a certain relationship between the analgesic and the antiplatelet effect. The compounds tested did not usually modify bleeding time.


Assuntos
Acetofenonas/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Analgésicos , Animais , Antiulcerosos , Tempo de Sangramento , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Camundongos
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