[Educational interventions in childhood asthma: A systematic review]. / Intervenciones educativas en asma infantil: Una revisión sistemática.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze educational interventions in pediatric asthmatic patients to achieve an adequate inhalation technique and improve their self-management. DESIGN: Systematic review based on the PRISMA recommendations. DATA SOURCES: Pubmed, Scopus, Cuiden, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were reviewed. STUDY SELECTION: Sixteen articles published between 2014 and 2021 were included, with access to full text, languages: English, French and Spanish and pediatric population: 0-18 years. DATA EXTRACTION: Two thousand three hundred and thirteen children were participated. The variables analyzed were: level of care, type of intervention, correct performance of the inhalation technique, follow-up of the technique, delivery of written recommendations, professional-educator category, variables related to respiratory pathology, school absenteeism, quality of life and economic costs. RESULTS: The health care level was primary, hospital and community care, where specialist doctors, nurses and pharmacists stood out as educators. The most prevalent educational interventions are on-site demonstration and delivery of recommendations or multimedia interventions. Several articles report that asthma education is not carried out correctly, others state that their technique improves after the intervention, but most of them highlight the importance of periodic review of the technique. CONCLUSIONS: The authors report improvement in the inhalation technique in all of them, as well as greater self-management of the disease and adherence to treatment. It is necessary to intensify the education of patients in the correct handling of the devices, and the follow-up and subsequent review to optimize the control of the disease.

Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument (NSCI) to Spanish.

Professional self-concept in nurses is understood as the way nurses think and feel about themselves in their nursing role and is both a predictor of quality of care and a protective factor against burnout. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument in a sample of 483 Spanish registered nurses. In addition, we analyzed gender differences in its dimensions in the same sample. Internal reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha, while construct validity was assessed using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The differences between groups were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Factor distribution was different from the original model. A gender gap was observed in the Nurse Thinking and Perception of Capabilities dimensions with higher values in the women group, while in the Leadership dimension, higher values were observed in the men group. While the Spanish version of the Nurses Self-Concept Instrument is a valid and reliable tool to measure this construct, the differences in its dimensions lead to a deeper understanding of the cultural differences in the construction of professional self-concept.

Ageism and nursing students, past or reality?: A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarise and update existing knowledge about ageism among nursing students through the following research question: what is the perception and attitudes of ageism among student nurses? DESIGN: A systematic review of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of ageism in nursing students was carried out. DATA SOURCES: The literature search was conducted in the scientific databases Pubmed and Scopus in February 2021. REVIEW METHODS: After the screening process, 22 studies meeting the selection criteria were selected; 8 more were identified after manually searching the selected paper' reference lists. A total of 30 studies were included in the review. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional studies and for Cohort Studies were used to appraise the articles' quality. RESULTS: There was large variability in the manifestation of ageism among student nurses, as well as in the instruments used for assessment. Most of the articles analysed attitudes towards old age, the majority of which were positive. Being a female student, being on the final year of study and having regular contact or cohabitation with an older adult were three of the main determinants in the expression of positive attitudes towards the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that student nurses generally have positive attitudes towards old age, although ageist beliefs and discriminatory behaviours were identified and should be studied in greater depth. Training programs for future care professionals have a responsibility to educate from a non-stereotypical perspective based on current societal needs.

[Diet quality in college students with different academic profile]. / CALIDAD DE LA DIETA EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS CON DISTINTO PERFIL ACADÉMICO.

INTRODUCTION: We can find in Spain several university studies concerning diet and lifestyle, showing them as an effective strategy to prevent chronic diseases. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the energy and nutrient intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (DM) in a group of college students with different academic profile and to compare the quality of the diet among students attending degrees in Health Science (HS) and those attending other degree courses (not HS). METHODS: 77 students (80.3% female) from the Campus of Soria, 37 HS students and 40 not HS (mean age 21.2 ± 2.1 years), completed a questionnaire on socio-biographical data, the test KIDMED of adhesion to Mediterranean diet and recorded food intake for seven days. The amount of energy and nutrients was estimated using the software Nutriber (version 1.1.1.3r). Student t test or U Mann-Whitney were used to compare means of independent samples and the criterion of significance was set at p <0,05. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The respondent students, regardless of their academic profile, follow a low calorie diet with more protein and fat consumption than the recommended amount, and less carbohydrate and fiber, which is reflected in the insufficient intake of some vitamins and minerals. However, we observed a higher percentage of respondents with high adhesion to the parameters of the DM in the HS group (51.4%) than in the No HS group (30.8%).

Introducción: En España son varios los estudios universitarios que abordan los temas de alimentación y estilo de vida, y demuestran que éstos son una estrategia eficaz para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes y la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico y comparar la calidad de la dieta entre estudiantes que cursan grados en Ciencias de la Salud (CS) y los de otras carreras (No CS). Métodos: 77 estudiantes (80,3% mujeres) del Campus de Soria, 37 de grados en CS y 40 de No CS de edad media 21,2 ± 2,1 años, cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-biográficos, el test KIDMED y registraron la ingesta de alimentos durante siete días. La estimación de la cantidad de energía y nutrientes se realizó mediante el programa informático NUTRIBER (versión 1.1.1.3r) y para la comparación de medias de muestras independientes se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney y el criterio de significación se estableció en p < 0,05. Resultados y Discusión: Los estudiantes encuestados, con independencia de su perfil académico, siguen una dieta hipocalórica con mayor consumo de proteínas y de grasas de las recomendadas y menor de hidratos de carbono y fibra, lo que se refleja en el aporte insuficiente de algunas vitaminas y minerales. A pesar de ello, observamos un mayor porcentaje de encuestados con adhesión alta a los parámetros de la DM en el grupo CS (51,4%) que en el grupo no CS (30,8 %).