Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 61
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
J Intern Med ; 290(2): 373-385, 2021 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33826195

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: As opposed to the decreasing overall rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and overall cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, heart failure (HF) and stroke incidence are increasing in young people, potentially due to rising rates of obesity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). OBJECTIVES: We investigated trends in early major CVD outcomes in a large cohort of young men. METHODS: Successive cohorts of Swedish military conscripts from 1971 to 1995 (N = 1,258,432; mean age, 18.3 years) were followed, using data from the National Inpatient and Cause of Death registries. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse changes in 21-year CVD event rates. RESULTS: 21-year CVD and all-cause mortality and incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) decreased progressively. Compared with the cohort conscripted in 1971-1975 (reference), the hazard ratios (HRs) for the last 1991-1995 cohort were 0.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.42-0.59] for CVD mortality; 0.57 (95% CI 0.54-0.60) for all-cause mortality; and 0.63 (95% CI 0.53-0.75) for AMI. In contrast, the incidence of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and HF increased with HRs of 1.43 (95% CI 1.17-1.75), 1.30 (95% CI 1.01-1.68) and 1.84 (95% CI 1.47-2.30), respectively. During the period, rates of obesity increased from 1.04% to 2.61%, whilst CRF scores decreased slightly. Adjustment for these factors influenced these secular trends only moderately. CONCLUSION: Secular trends of young-onset CVD events demonstrated a marked shift from AMI and CVD mortality to HF and stroke incidence. Trends were significantly, though moderately, influenced by changing baseline BMI and CRF.


Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Obesidade/etnologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Taxa de Sobrevida , Suécia , Adulto Jovem
2.
Phys Rev Lett ; 124(6): 062501, 2020 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32109090

RESUMO

The low-lying energy spectrum of the extremely neutron-deficient self-conjugate (N=Z) nuclide _{44}^{88}Ru_{44} has been measured using the combination of the Advanced Gamma Tracking Array (AGATA) spectrometer, the NEDA and Neutron Wall neutron detector arrays, and the DIAMANT charged particle detector array. Excited states in ^{88}Ru were populated via the ^{54}Fe(^{36}Ar,2nγ)^{88}Ru^{*} fusion-evaporation reaction at the Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL) accelerator complex. The observed γ-ray cascade is assigned to ^{88}Ru using clean prompt γ-γ-2-neutron coincidences in anticoincidence with the detection of charged particles, confirming and extending the previously assigned sequence of low-lying excited states. It is consistent with a moderately deformed rotating system exhibiting a band crossing at a rotational frequency that is significantly higher than standard theoretical predictions with isovector pairing, as well as observations in neighboring N>Z nuclides. The direct observation of such a "delayed" rotational alignment in a deformed N=Z nucleus is in agreement with theoretical predictions related to the presence of strong isoscalar neutron-proton pair correlations.

3.
Phys Rev Lett ; 121(3): 032502, 2018 Jul 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30085775

RESUMO

Energy differences between analogue states in the T=1/2 ^{23}Mg-^{23}Na mirror nuclei have been measured along the rotational yrast bands. This allows us to search for effects arising from isospin-symmetry-breaking interactions (ISB) and/or shape changes. Data are interpreted in the shell model framework following the method successfully applied to nuclei in the f_{7/2} shell. It is shown that the introduction of a schematic ISB interaction of the same type of that used in the f_{7/2} shell is needed to reproduce the data. An alternative novel description, applied here for the first time, relies on the use of an effective interaction deduced from a realistic charge-dependent chiral nucleon-nucleon potential. This analysis provides two important results: (i) The mirror energy differences give direct insight into the nuclear skin; (ii) the skin changes along the rotational bands are strongly correlated with the difference between the neutron and proton occupations of the s_{1/2} "halo" orbit.

4.
Psychol Med ; 48(3): 416-425, 2018 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28655366

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of depression. Relationships with other mental disorders need elucidation. This study investigated whether fitness in late adolescence is associated with future risk of serious non-affective mental disorders. Further, we examined how having an affected brother might impact the relationship. METHOD: Prospective, population-based cohort study of 1 109 786 Swedish male conscripts with no history of mental illness, who underwent conscription examinations at age 18 between 1968 and 2005. Cardiovascular fitness was objectively measured at conscription using a bicycle ergometer test. During the follow-up (3-42 years), incident cases of serious non-affective mental disorders (schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders, other psychotic disorders and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders) were identified through the Swedish National Hospital Discharge Register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of cardiovascular fitness at conscription and risk of serious non-affective mental disorders later in life. RESULTS: Low fitness was associated with increased risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like disorders [hazard ratio (HR) 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.61], other psychotic disorders (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.27-1.56), and neurotic or stress-related and somatoform disorders (HR 1.45, 95% CI 1.37-1.54). Relationships persisted in models that included illness in brothers. CONCLUSIONS: Lower fitness in late adolescent males is associated with increased risk of serious non-affective mental disorders in adulthood.


Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Militares/psicologia , Transtornos Neuróticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Psicóticos/epidemiologia , Esquizofrenia/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Teste de Esforço , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Suécia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Nature ; 469(7328): 68-71, 2011 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21179086

RESUMO

Shell structure and magic numbers in atomic nuclei were generally explained by pioneering work that introduced a strong spin-orbit interaction to the nuclear shell model potential. However, knowledge of nuclear forces and the mechanisms governing the structure of nuclei, in particular far from stability, is still incomplete. In nuclei with equal neutron and proton numbers (N = Z), enhanced correlations arise between neutrons and protons (two distinct types of fermions) that occupy orbitals with the same quantum numbers. Such correlations have been predicted to favour an unusual type of nuclear superfluidity, termed isoscalar neutron-proton pairing, in addition to normal isovector pairing. Despite many experimental efforts, these predictions have not been confirmed. Here we report the experimental observation of excited states in the N = Z = 46 nucleus (92)Pd. Gamma rays emitted following the (58)Ni((36)Ar,2n)(92)Pd fusion-evaporation reaction were identified using a combination of state-of-the-art high-resolution γ-ray, charged-particle and neutron detector systems. Our results reveal evidence for a spin-aligned, isoscalar neutron-proton coupling scheme, different from the previous prediction. We suggest that this coupling scheme replaces normal superfluidity (characterized by seniority coupling) in the ground and low-lying excited states of the heaviest N = Z nuclei. Such strong, isoscalar neutron-proton correlations would have a considerable impact on the nuclear level structure and possibly influence the dynamics of rapid proton capture in stellar nucleosynthesis.

6.
Psychol Med ; 44(4): 779-88, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23739044

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular fitness influences many aspects of brain function. However, the relationship between cardiovascular fitness and suicidal behaviour is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether cardiovascular fitness at age 18 years is associated with future risk of suicide attempt/death. METHOD: We performed a population-based Swedish longitudinal cohort study of male conscripts with no previous or ongoing mental illness (n = 1,136,527). The conscription examination, which took place during 1968-2005, included the cycle ergonometric test and tests of cognitive performance. Future risk of suicide attempt/death over a 5- to 42-year follow-up period was calculated with Cox proportional hazards models controlling for several confounders including familial factors. RESULTS: At least one suicide attempt was recorded for 12,563 men. Death by suicide without a prior attempt was recorded in 4814 additional individuals. In fully adjusted models low cardiovascular fitness was associated with increased risk for future attempt/death by suicide [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64-1.94]. The HR changed only marginally after exclusion of persons who received in-patient care for depression (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.61-1.94). Poor performance on both the cardiovascular fitness and cognitive tests was associated with a fivefold increased risk of suicide attempt or suicide death (HR 5.46, 95% CI 4.78-6.24). CONCLUSIONS: Lower cardiovascular fitness at age 18 years was, after adjustment for a number of potential confounders, associated with an increased risk of attempt/death by suicide in adulthood. It remains to be clarified whether interventions designed to improve fitness in teens can influence the risk of suicidal behaviour later in life.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Inteligência/fisiologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Tentativa de Suicídio , Suicídio , Adolescente , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/fisiopatologia , Depressão/epidemiologia , Previsões , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Risco , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Tentativa de Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Suécia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
7.
Phys Rev Lett ; 110(17): 172501, 2013 Apr 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23679711

RESUMO

A measurement of the reduced transition probability for the excitation of the ground state to the first 2+ state in 104Sn has been performed using relativistic Coulomb excitation at GSI. 104Sn is the lightest isotope in the Sn chain for which this quantity has been measured. The result is a key point in the discussion of the evolution of nuclear structure in the proximity of the doubly magic nucleus 100Sn. The value B(E2; 0+ → 2+) = 0.10(4) e2b2 is significantly lower than earlier results for 106Sn and heavier isotopes. The result is well reproduced by shell model predictions and therefore indicates a robust N = Z = 50 shell closure.

8.
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn ; 39(6): 661-71, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23197246

RESUMO

We have previously shown how screening experiments for neuropathic pain can be optimised taking into account parameter and model uncertainty. Here we demonstrate how optimised protocols can be used to screen and rank candidate molecules. The concept is illustrated by pregabalin as a new chemical entity and gabapentin as a reference compound. ED-optimality was applied to a logistic regression model describing the relationship between drug exposure and response to evoked pain in the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model in rats. Design variables for optimisation of the experimental protocol included dose levels and sampling times. Prior information from the reference compound was used in conjunction with relative in vitro potency as priors. Results from simulated scenarios were then combined with fitting of experimental data to estimate precision and bias of model parameters for the empirical and optimised designs. The pharmacokinetics of pregabalin was described by a two-compartment model. The expected value of EC(50) of pregabalin was 637.5 ng ml(-1). Model-based analysis of the data yielded median (range) of EC(50) values of 1,125 (898-2412) ng ml(-1) for the empirical protocol and 755 (189-756) ng ml(-1) for the optimised design. In contrast to current practice, optimal design entails different sampling schedule across dose levels. ED-optimised designs should become standard practice in the screening of candidate molecules. It ensures lower bias when estimating the drug potency, facilitating accurate ranking and selection of compounds for further development.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Modelos Biológicos , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Aminas/farmacocinética , Aminas/farmacologia , Analgésicos/farmacocinética , Animais , Estudos de Coortes , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Gabapentina , Modelos Logísticos , Neuralgia/metabolismo , Pregabalina , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacocinética , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologia
9.
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn ; 39(6): 673-81, 2012 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23197247

RESUMO

In spite of the evidence regarding high variability in the response to evoked pain, little attention has been paid to its impact on the screening of drugs for inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In this study, we explore the feasibility of introducing optimality concepts to experimental protocols, enabling estimation of parameter and model uncertainty. Pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data from different experiments in rats were pooled and modelled using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. Pain data on gabapentin and placebo-treated animals were generated in the complete Freund's adjuvant model of neuropathic pain. A logistic regression model was applied to optimise sampling times and dose levels to be used in an experimental protocol. Drug potency (EC(50)) and interindividual variability (IIV) were considered the parameters of interest. Different experimental designs were tested and validated by SSE (stochastic simulation and estimation) taking into account relevant exposure ranges. The pharmacokinetics of gabapentin was described by a two-compartment PK model with first order absorption (CL = 0.159 l h(-1), V(2) = 0.118 l, V(3) = 0.253 l, Ka = 0.26 h(-1), Q = 1.22 l h(-1)). Drug potency (EC(50)) for the anti-allodynic effects was estimated to be 1400 ng ml(-1). Protocol optimisation improved bias and precision of the EC50 by 6 and 11.9. %, respectively, whilst IIV estimates showed improvement of 31.89 and 14.91 %, respectively. Our results show that variability in behavioural models of evoked pain response leads to uncertainty in drug potency estimates, with potential impact on the ranking of compounds during screening. As illustrated for gabapentin, ED-optimality concepts enable analysis of discrete data taking into account experimental constraints.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/farmacocinética , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Neuralgia/tratamento farmacológico , Neuralgia/metabolismo , Aminas/farmacocinética , Aminas/farmacologia , Animais , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/farmacocinética , Ácidos Cicloexanocarboxílicos/farmacologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Adjuvante de Freund/farmacologia , Gabapentina , Modelos Logísticos , Modelos Biológicos , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacocinética , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologia
10.
Phys Rev Lett ; 107(17): 172502, 2011 Oct 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22107511

RESUMO

A ß-decaying high-spin isomer in (96)Cd, with a half-life T(1/2)=0.29(-0.10)(+0.11) s, has been established in a stopped beam rare isotope spectroscopic investigations at GSI (RISING) experiment. The nuclei were produced using the fragmentation of a primary beam of (124)Xe on a (9)Be target. From the half-life and the observed γ decays in the daughter nucleus, (96)Ag, we conclude that the ß-decaying state is the long predicted 16(+) "spin-gap" isomer. Shell-model calculations, using the Gross-Frenkel interaction and the πν(p(1/2),g(9/2)) model space, show that the isoscalar component of the neutron-proton interaction is essential to explain the origin of the isomer. Core excitations across the N=Z=50 gaps and the Gamow-Teller strength, B(GT) distributions have been studied via large-scale shell-model calculations using the πν(g,d,s) model space to compare with the experimental B(GT) value obtained from the half-life of the isomer.

11.
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol ; 5(4): 222-32, 2016 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27299709

RESUMO

Edoxaban exposure-response relationships from the phase III study evaluating edoxaban for prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) were assessed by parametric time-to-event analysis. Statistical significant exposure-response relationships were recurrent VTE with hazard ratio (HR) based on average edoxaban concentration at steady state (Cav) (HRCav) = 0.98 (i.e., change in the HR with every 1 ng/mL increase of Cav); the composite of recurrent DVT and nonfatal PE with HRCav = 0.99; and the composite of recurrent DVT, nonfatal PE, and all-cause mortality HRCav = 0.98, and all death using maximal edoxaban concentration (Cmax) with HR (Cmax) = 0.99. No statistical significant exposure-response relationships were found for clinically relevant bleeding or major adverse cardiovascular event. Results support the recommendation of once-daily edoxaban 60 mg, and a reduced 30 mg dose in patients with moderate renal impairment, body weight ≤60 kg, or use of P-glycoprotein inhibitors verapamil or quinidine.


Assuntos
Inibidores do Fator Xa/administração & dosagem , Embolia Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Piridinas/administração & dosagem , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Trombose Venosa/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Método Duplo-Cego , Cálculos da Dosagem de Medicamento , Inibidores do Fator Xa/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Piridinas/efeitos adversos , Medição de Risco , Tiazóis/efeitos adversos , Varfarina/administração & dosagem
12.
Genes Brain Behav ; 3(2): 101-9, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15005718

RESUMO

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genetic and environmental factors, as well as their interaction, in the etiology of aggressive behavior in two mouse lines bidirectionally selected for offensive aggression. To this end, we raised the Finnish TA (aggressive) and TNA (nonagressive) selection lines either in isolation or in cohabitation with a female after weaning. At the age of 3 months we determined their aggressive behavior in three paradigms (intruder resident, neutral cage, resident intruder) against a male standard opponent. We also determined the animals' aggressive behavior against a female mouse. The results show genetic and environmental effects, as well as gene-environment interaction. We see prominent genotype effects under all conditions but each test is sensitive to a specific combination of environmental effects. A particularly noteworthy result is that variation in the unusual behavior of aggression towards a female is largely explained by the interaction of genotype with isolation. We also examined whether test experience influenced the outcome of an encounter between an experimental animal and an opponent, and found that this factor should not be underestimated, its effect size and direction depending on the type of paradigm and way of housing. These data suggest that the identification of genes underlying aggressive behavior in mice is by no means straightforward and that the result of this search will depend on the environmental design of the study (type of paradigm, housing conditions). These data also suggest that the use of 'test battery' mice might produce different results than the use of test-naïve animals.


Assuntos
Agressão/fisiologia , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Abrigo para Animais , Camundongos Endogâmicos/genética , Meio Social , Isolamento Social , Animais , Cruzamentos Genéticos , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Fenótipo , Seleção Genética , Especificidade da Espécie
13.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab ; 21(3): 211-7, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11295875

RESUMO

To investigate whether rat hippocampal neurogenesis varies with strain and gender, the authors examined proliferating progenitor cells and their progeny in young male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) using the thymidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) combined with immunohistochemistry for the neuronal marker Calbindin D28k and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Rats were given 7 consecutive daily BrdU injections and were killed 1 day or 4 weeks later to allow for discrimination between proliferation and cell survival. Stereologic analysis of the numbers of BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus revealed both a strain difference with significantly higher cell proliferation and net neurogenesis in SHR than in SD and a gender difference with males from both strains producing significantly more cells than their female counterparts. Whereas the number of progenitors four weeks after BrdU injections was still significantly greater in male than in female SHRs, resulting in a greater net neurogenesis in the male, the number of BrdU-immunoreactive cells did not differ between male and female SD rats, suggesting a greater survival of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus in female than in male SD rats. No sex or strain difference was observed in the relative ratio of neurogenesis and gliogenesis.


Assuntos
Giro Denteado/citologia , Giro Denteado/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Neuroglia/citologia , Neurônios/citologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Animais , Antimetabólitos/farmacologia , Bromodesoxiuridina/farmacologia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores Sexuais , Especificidade da Espécie , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia
14.
Neurology ; 51(4): 1018-25, 1998 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9781523

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We report the results of a double-blind, double-dummy, active-control study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lamotrigine (LTG) administered as monotherapy to adult outpatients with partial seizures. BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of LTG as add-on therapy for partial seizures in adults has previously been established. METHODS: After an 8-week baseline during which patients continued their baseline antiepileptic drug (carbamazepine or phenytoin monotherapy), 156 patients were randomly assigned to receive increasing doses of LTG (target 250 mg b.i.d.) or valproic acid (VPA; target low dose of 500 mg b.i.d.) during the first 4 weeks of an 8-week transition period. Carbamazepine or phenytoin was withdrawn over the next 4 weeks; then patients entered a 12-week monotherapy period. Study drug treatment was discontinued in patients who met predetermined escape criteria for seizure worsening. RESULTS: More patients receiving LTG were successfully maintained on monotherapy compared with patients receiving VPA (56% versus 20%; p < 0.001). The time to meet the escape criteria was also significantly longer in LTG-treated patients (median = 168 days) than in VPA-treated patients (median = 57 days; p = 0.001). The incidence of adverse events during the monotherapy period was lower than during the transition period. Four LTG patients and five VPA patients reported serious adverse events. Two of those patients experienced a rash that led to withdrawal soon after adding LTG to carbamazepine. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that LTG is effective and well tolerated when administered as monotherapy in adult patients with partial seizures.


Assuntos
Anticonvulsivantes/administração & dosagem , Epilepsias Parciais/tratamento farmacológico , Triazinas/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anticonvulsivantes/efeitos adversos , Anticonvulsivantes/sangue , Carbamazepina/administração & dosagem , Método Duplo-Cego , Exantema/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Lamotrigina , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fenitoína/administração & dosagem , Triazinas/efeitos adversos , Triazinas/sangue , Ácido Valproico/administração & dosagem
15.
Toxicol Lett ; 30(3): 203-7, 1986 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3705104

RESUMO

The toxicity of Pluronic F-68, a non-ionic polyol, was studied in the rat when administered intravenously for one month in daily doses of 0, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. Pluronic F-68 induced pulmonary foam cells at the dose levels of 500 and 1000 mg/kg and slight focal degenerative changes in the proximal tubules of the kidneys at the dose levels of 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The cytoplasm of the pulmonary foam cells contained lipid droplets, phospholipids being the most essential constituent. The results indicate that Pluronic F-68 is able to induce phospholipidosis in the rat. Only drugs have so far been reported to cause this condition in the rat.


Assuntos
Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Poloxaleno/toxicidade , Polietilenoglicóis/toxicidade , Animais , Feminino , Células Espumosas/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Lipidoses/induzido quimicamente , Lipidoses/patologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Ratos
16.
Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg ; 33(1): 8-12, 2004 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14690653

RESUMO

Fifteen fully dentated patients with pain and functional impairment due to unilateral temporomandibular joint disc displacements, who had undergone unsuccessful nonsurgical treatment, were treated with discectomies without any disc substitutes and followed for 5 years. Their contralateral temporomandibular joints were without any clinical or radiographic evidence of pathology. Functional pain was reduced and mandible opening ability increased although a full range of motion was not restored. This study verified that discectomies can reduce pain on chewing, however, pain at rest was not significantly changed. At 5 years 87% of the patients fulfilled the criteria for a successful result of TMJ surgery.


Assuntos
Dor Facial/cirurgia , Disco da Articulação Temporomandibular/cirurgia , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Dor Facial/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/cirurgia , Masculino , Mastigação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Bucais , Medição da Dor , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular/complicações , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
ANS Adv Nurs Sci ; 13(1): 74-84, 1990 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2122803

RESUMO

This article presents a theoretic model that identifies the philosophies, theories, and concepts that influence the practice of nursing administration. Components of the model include philosophy, organizational theory, nursing theory, economics, and human care. An understanding of the model components allows the nursing administrator to approach his or her role with a deeper understanding of the complexities of being a nursing leader in an organizational setting. An empirical study was conducted that led to modifications of the theoretic model to reflect the current practice of nursing administration. The revised model is intended to serve as an integrative model for the practice of nursing administration.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/economia , Pesquisa em Administração de Enfermagem , Teoria de Enfermagem , Humanos
18.
Nurs Econ ; 9(4): 244-7, 280, 1991.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1922425

RESUMO

One of the greatest difficulties in being a nurse in the 1990s is maintaining excellent care in the face of economic constraints. This article explores how organizations (including hospitals), which originated as bureaucracies, need to change their format. Nurses can have great impact on organizations as they serve as "Professnocrats" who understand that professional goals and bureaucratic goals can be integrated in health care organizations of the future.


Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Cultura Organizacional , Papel (figurativo) , Controle de Custos , Atenção à Saúde/economia , Atenção à Saúde/normas , Empatia , Previsões , Humanos , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Valores Sociais
19.
Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 87(5): 563-71, 2010 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20336064

RESUMO

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that is used to investigate ligand-receptor binding in the living brain and to determine the time course of plasma concentration/receptor occupancy (RO). The purpose of this work was to demonstrate the added value of an adaptive-optimal design for PET scan timings and dose selection over traditional study designs involving fixed or educated selections of timings and doses. A k(on)-k(off) model relating plasma concentration to PET data was applied to generate the simulated data. Optimization was performed on scanning timings and doses using the D-optimality criterion. Optimal designs as applied to scanning timings provided unbiased estimates and improved the accuracy of results relative to those of fixed and educated designs. Optimization of both timings and dose provided improvements in accuracy and precision when the initial dose selection was noninformative regarding the time course of RO. These results indicate that adaptive-optimal designs can provide an efficient experimental design for RO studies using PET, by minimizing the number of subjects required and maximizing information related to the plasma concentration-RO relationship.


Assuntos
Modelos Biológicos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/métodos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Ligação Competitiva/fisiologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons/normas , Ligação Proteica/fisiologia , Projetos de Pesquisa/normas , Fatores de Tempo
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA