RESUMO
The superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is an important region implicated in a variety of tasks including motor movement, working memory, resting-state, and cognitive control. A detailed understanding of the subcortical white matter of the SFG could improve postoperative morbidity related to surgery around this gyrus. Through DSI-based fiber tractography validated by gross anatomical dissection, we characterized the fiber tracts of the SFG based on their relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures. Diffusion imaging from the Human Connectome Project from 10 healthy adult subjects was used for fiber tractography. We evaluated the SFG as a whole based on its connectivity with other regions. All tracts were mapped in both hemispheres, and a lateralization index was calculated based on resultant tract volumes. Ten cadaveric dissections were then performed using a modified Klingler technique to delineate the location of major tracts integrated within the SFG. We identified four major SFG connections: the frontal aslant tract connecting to the inferior frontal gyrus; the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus connecting to the cuneus, lingual gyrus, and superior parietal lobule; the cingulum connecting to the precuneus and parahippocampal gyrus/uncus; and a callosal fiber bundle connecting the SFG bilaterally. The functional networks of the SFG involve a complex series of white matter tracts integrated within the gyrus, including the FAT, IFOF, cingulum, and callosal fibers. Postsurgical outcomes related to this region may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted in this study. Clin. Anat. 33:823-832, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: White matter tracts link different regions of the brain, and the known functions of those interconnected regions may offer clues about the roles that white matter tracts play in information relay. The authors of this report discuss the structure and function of the lateral occipital lobe and how the lateral occipital lobe communicates with other regions via white matter tracts. METHODS: The authors used generalized q-sampling imaging and cadaveric brain dissections to uncover the subcortical white matter connections of the lateral occipital lobe. The authors created GQI of ten healthy controls and dissected ten cadaveric brains. RESULTS: The middle longitudinal fasciculus, vertical occipital fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, optic radiations, and a diverse array of U-shaped fibers connect the lateral occipital lobe to itself, parts of the temporal, parietal, and medial occipital cortices. The complex functional processes attributed to the lateral occipital lobe, including object recognition, facial recognition, and motion perception are likely related to the subcortical white matter tracts described within this study. CONCLUSIONS: There was good concordance between the white matter tracts generated using GQI and the white matter tracts that were found after dissection of the cadaveric brains. This article presents the anatomic connections of the lateral occipital lobe and discusses the associated functions.
Assuntos
Lobo Occipital/anatomia & histologia , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Cadáver , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Dissecação , Voluntários Saudáveis , Humanos , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in the evaluation of linguistic, interoceptive, and emotional information. A detailed understanding of its subcortical white matter anatomy could improve postoperative morbidity related to surgery in and around this gyrus. Through GQI-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, we characterized the fiber tracts of the IFG based on relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures. Diffusion imaging from the Human Connectome Project for 10 healthy adult controls was used for fiber tracking analysis. We evaluated the IFG as a whole based on its connectivity with other regions. All tracts were mapped in both hemispheres, and a lateralization index was calculated based on resultant tract volumes. Ten cadaveric dissections were then performed using a modified Klingler technique to demonstrate the location of major tracts. We identified four major connections of the IFG: a white matter bundle corresponding the frontal aslant tract connecting to the superior frontal gyrus; the superior longitudinal fasciculus connecting to the inferior parietal lobule, lateral occipital area, posterior temporal areas, and the temporal pole; the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus connecting to the cuneus and lingual gyrus; and the uncinate fasciculus connecting to the temporal pole. A callosal fiber bundle connecting the inferior frontal gyri bilaterally was also identified. The IFG is an important region implicated in a variety of tasks including language processing, speech production, motor control, interoceptive awareness, and semantic processing. Postsurgical outcomes related to this region may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted in this study. Clin. Anat. 32:546-556, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assuntos
Córtex Pré-Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To test the biomechanical properties of the dorsoradial capsulodesis procedure. METHODS: Six cadaveric hands were used. After exposing the trapeziometacarpal (TMC) joint, we placed Kirschner wires in the distal radius and thumb metacarpal. The rotation shear test was then performed to test the joint axial laxity, and angular measurements using Kirschner wires as reference points were documented. The dorsoradial (DR) ligament and capsule were released, followed by the intermetacarpal (IM) ligament; angular measurements were obtained. Finally, the DR capsulodesis procedure was performed, and final measurements were obtained. Comparisons were made among the various stages of ligament integrity to determine the amount of stability provided by DR capsulodesis. RESULTS: All cadavers demonstrated axial laxity with transection of the DR ligament; an increase in stability was obtained after DR capsulodesis. Transection of the capsule and IM ligament caused increased laxity relative to the native joint (median, 24° and 35°, respectively, on rotational testing). After we performed DR capsulodesis, rotational stability improved by a median of 41° compared with DR ligament transection, 49° compared with DR and IM ligament transection, and 18° relative to the native joint. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsoradial capsulodesis restores rotational stability for TMC joint after division of the DR and IM ligaments. The stability achieved was statistically significant compared with both an intact native TMC joint and induced laxity of the TMC joint. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The DR capsulodesis procedure may improve rotational stability to the TMC joint.
Assuntos
Articulações Carpometacarpais/cirurgia , Instabilidade Articular/cirurgia , Polegar/cirurgia , Trapézio/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Fios Ortopédicos , Cadáver , Articulações Carpometacarpais/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Cápsula Articular/cirurgia , Instabilidade Articular/fisiopatologia , Ligamentos Articulares/fisiologia , Ligamentos Articulares/cirurgia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polegar/fisiologia , Trapézio/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The medial occipital lobe, composed of the lingual gyrus and cuneus, is necessary for both basic and higher level visual processing. It is also known to facilitate cross-modal, nonvisual functions, such as linguistic processing and verbal memory, after the loss of the visual senses. A detailed cortical model elucidating the white matter connectivity associated with this area could improve our understanding of the interacting brain networks that underlie complex human processes and postoperative outcomes related to vision and language. METHODS: Generalized q-sampling imaging tractography, validated by gross anatomic dissection for qualitative visual agreement, was performed on 10 healthy adult controls obtained from the Human Connectome Project. RESULTS: Major white matter connections were identified by tractography and validated by gross dissection, which connected the medial occipital lobe with itself and the adjacent cortices, especially the temporal lobe. The short- and long-range connections identified consisted mainly of U-shaped association fibers, intracuneal fibers, and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, middle longitudinal fasciculus, and lingual-fusiform connections. CONCLUSIONS: The medial occipital lobe is an extremely interconnected system, supporting its ability to perform coordinated basic visual processing, but also serves as a center for many long-range association fibers, supporting its importance in nonvisual functions, such as language and memory. The presented data represent clinically actionable anatomic information that can be used in multimodal navigation of white matter lesions in the medial occipital lobe to prevent neurologic deficits and improve patients' quality of life after cerebral surgery.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Occipital/citologia , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The superior parietal lobule (SPL) is involved in somatosensory and visuospatial integration with additional roles in attention, written language, and working memory. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white matter tracts could improve surgical decisions and subsequent postoperative morbidity related to surgery in and around this gyrus. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the fiber tracts of the SPL based on relationships to other well-known neuroanatomic structures through diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI)-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth. METHODS: Neuroimaging data of 10 healthy, adult control subjects was obtained from a publicly accessible database published in Human Connectome Project for subsequent tractographic analyses. White matter tracts were mapped between both cerebral hemispheres, and a lateralization index was calculated based on resultant tract volumes. Post-mortem dissections of 10 cadavers identified the location of major tracts and validated our tractography results based on qualitative visual agreement. RESULTS: We identified 9 major connections of the SPL: U-fiber, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, middle longitudinal fasciculus, extreme capsule, vertical occipital fasciculus, cingulum, and corpus callosum. There was no significant fiber lateralization detected. CONCLUSION: The SPL is an important region implicated in a variety of tasks involving visuomotor and visuospatial integration. Improved understanding of the fiber bundle anatomy elucidated in this study can provide invaluable information for surgical treatment decisions related to this region.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Substância Branca , Adulto , Humanos , Rede Nervosa , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The middle temporal gyrus (MTG) is understood to play a role in language-related tasks such as lexical comprehension and semantic cognition. However, a more specific understanding of its key white matter connections could promote the preservation of these functions during neurosurgery. OBJECTIVE: To provide a detailed description of the underlying white matter tracts associated with the MTG to improve semantic preservation during neurosurgery. METHODS: Tractography was performed using diffusion imaging obtained from 10 healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project. All tracts were mapped between cerebral hemispheres with a subsequent laterality index calculated based on resultant tract volumes. Ten postmortem dissections were performed for ex vivo validation of the tractography based on qualitative visual agreement. RESULTS: We identified 2 major white matter bundles leaving the MTG: the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and superior longitudinal fasciculus. In addition to long association fibers, a unique linear sequence of U-shaped fibers was identified, possibly representing a form of visual semantic transfer down the temporal lobe. CONCLUSION: We elucidate the underlying fiber-bundle anatomy of the MTG, an area highly involved in the brain's language network. Improved understanding of the unique, underlying white matter connections in and around this area may augment our overall understanding of language processing as well as the involvement of higher order cerebral networks like the default mode network in these functions.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Substância Branca , Adulto , Humanos , Rede Nervosa , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The middle frontal gyrus (MFG) is involved in attention, working memory, and language-related processing. A detailed understanding of the subcortical white matter tracts connected within the MFG can facilitate improved navigation of white matter lesions in and around this gyrus and explain the postoperative morbidity after surgery. We aimed to characterize the fiber tracts within the MFG according to their connection to neuroanatomic structures through the use of diffusion spectrum imaging-based fiber tractography and validate the findings by gross anatomic dissection for qualitative visual agreement. METHODS: Tractography analysis was completed using diffusion imaging data from 10 healthy, adult subjects enrolled in the Human Connectome Project. We assessed the MFG as a whole component according to its fiber connectivity with other neural regions. Mapping was completed on all tracts within both hemispheres, with the resultant tract volumes used to calculate a lateralization index. A modified Klingler technique was used on 10 postmortem dissections to demonstrate the location and orientation of the major tracts. RESULTS: Two major connections of the MFG were identified: the superior longitudinal fasciculus, which connects the MFG to parts of the inferior parietal lobule, posterior temporal lobe, and lateral occipital cortex; and the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, which connected the MFG to the lingual gyrus and cuneus. Intra- and intergyral short association, U-shaped fibers were also identified. CONCLUSIONS: Subcortical white matter pathways integrated within the MFG include the superior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. The MFG is implicated in a variety of tasks involving attention and memory, making it an important cortical region. The postoperative neurologic outcomes related to surgery in and around the MFG could be clarified in the context of the anatomy of the fiber bundles highlighted in the present study.
Assuntos
Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , HumanosRESUMO
Ex-vivo microsurgical instruction with fresh cadaver tissue offers an ideal educational design for intermediate and advanced training for orthopedic and plastic surgery residents and hand fellows. It can be also utilized to maintain and sharpen the skills of the experienced micro-surgeon. The following article describes the harvesting technique for nerves and vessels, lists the expected cross sectional diameters for each of the peripheral vessels and nerves used. The method of implementation in a workshop educational model is described as well.
Assuntos
Braço , Cadáver , Educação de Pós-Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Mãos , Internato e Residência , Microcirurgia/educação , Ortopedia/educação , Cirurgia Plástica/educação , HumanosRESUMO
The fusiform gyrus is understood to be involved in the processing of high-order visual information, particularly related to faces, bodies, and stimuli characterized by high spatial frequencies. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white-tracts could significantly improve post-operative morbidity related to declining capacity. Through generalized q-sampling imaging (GQI) validated by gross dissection as a direct anatomical method of identifying white matter tracts, we have characterized these connections based on relationships to other well-known structures. We created the white matter tracts using GQI and confirmed the tracts using gross dissection. These dissections demonstrated connections to the occipital lobe from the fusiform gyrus along with longer association fibers that course through this gyrus. The fusiform gyrus is an important region implicated in such tasks as the visual processing of human faces and bodies, as well as the perception of stimuli with high spatial frequencies. Post-surgical outcomes related to this region may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted by this study.
Assuntos
Lobo Temporal/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Cadáver , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Dissecação , Humanos , Masculino , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Occipital/anatomia & histologia , Substância Branca/fisiologiaRESUMO
The University of Oklahoma College of Medicine has conducted an annual Anatomical Donor Luncheon where families of the anatomical donors met anatomy dissection groups of medical students. The luncheon presented an opportunity for donor family members to share the life story of their loved one with the medical students prior to the start of the anatomy course. This study was designed to understand the impact of the Anatomical Donor Luncheon on families of the donors. Seven families in two different focus groups were included to explore the reactions and attitudes of the donor families to meeting the medical students. Conversations were digitally recorded and transcribed. Qualitative analysis of textual data were coded by three investigators using the Constant Comparative Method. To provide evidence of validity, a form of member checking was utilized. For further triangulation, an analyst not involved in conducting the focus groups or analyzing the data, re-coded all data. This analyst used categories and themes identified by the original analysts, ensuring validity of the themes and any negative cases (data not supporting or contradictory of the established categories and themes). One meta-theme and three sub-themes were identified. The meta-theme was Donor Family Participants Experience Transformation and Closure, and sub-themes were Motivators for Participation, Optimal Venue Factors, and Optimal Medical Student-Anatomical Donor Family Interactions. Study findings indicated the Anatomical Donor Luncheon facilitated closure on the death of their loved one, and transformed their apprehension about the luncheon and body donation into an attitude of gratitude and appreciation.
Assuntos
Anatomia/educação , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/ética , Família/psicologia , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Doadores de Tecidos/ética , Anatomia/ética , Atitude Frente a Morte , Cadáver , Dissecação/ética , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/organização & administração , Grupos Focais , Humanismo , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Faculdades de Medicina/ética , Faculdades de Medicina/organização & administração , Inquéritos e Questionários , Universidades/ética , Universidades/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: As knowledge of the brain has increased, clinicians have learned that the cerebrum is composed of complex networks that interact to execute key functions. While neurosurgeons can typically predict and preserve primary cortical function through the primary visual and motor cortices, preservation of higher cognitive functions that are less well localized in regions previously deemed "silent" has proven more difficult. This suggests these silent cortical regions are more anatomically complex and redundant than our previous methods of inquiry can explain, and that progress in cerebral surgery will be made with an improved understanding of brain connectomics. Newly published parcellated cortex maps provide one avenue to study such connectomics in greater detail, and they provide a superior framework and nomenclature for studying cerebral function and anatomy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the structural and functional aspects of the 180 distinct areas that comprise the human cortex model previously published under the Human Connectome Project (HCP). METHODS: We divided the cerebrum into 8 macroregions: lateral frontal, motor/premotor, medial frontal, insular, temporal, lateral parietal, medial parietal, and occipital. These regions were further subdivided into their relevant parcellations based on the HCP cortical scheme. Connectome Workbench was used to localize parcellations anatomically and to demonstrate their functional connectivity. DSI studio was used to assess the structural connectivity for each parcellation. RESULTS: The anatomy, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of all 180 cortical parcellations identified in the HCP are compiled into a single atlas. Within each section of the atlas, we integrate this information, along with what is known about parcellation function to summarize the implications of these data on network connectivity. CONCLUSION: This multipart supplement aims to build on the work of the HCP. We present this information in the hope that the complexity of cerebral connectomics will be conveyed in a more manageable format that will allow neurosurgeons and neuroscientists to accurately communicate and formulate hypotheses regarding cerebral anatomy and connectivity. We believe access to this information may provide a foundation for improving surgical outcomes by preserving lesser-known networks.
Assuntos
Cérebro/anatomia & histologia , Conectoma/métodos , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Cérebro/diagnóstico por imagem , Cérebro/fisiologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: It is widely understood that cortical functions are mediated by complex, interdependent brain networks. These networks have been identified and studied using novel technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging under both resting-state and task-based conditions. However, no one has attempted to describe these networks in terms of their cortical parcellations. OBJECTIVE: To describe our approach to network modeling and discuss its significance for the future of neuronavigation in brain surgery using the cortical parcellation scheme detailed within this supplement. METHODS: Using network models previously elucidated by our group using coordinate-based meta-analytic techniques, we show the anatomic position and underlying white matter tracts of the cortical regions comprising 8 functional networks of the human cerebrum. These network models are displayed using Synaptive's clinically available BrightMatter tractography software (Synaptive Medical, Toronto, Canada). RESULTS: The relevant cortical parcellations of 8 different cerebral networks have been identified. The fiber tracts between these regions were used to construct anatomically precise models of the networks. Models are described for the dorsal attention, ventral attention, semantic, auditory, supplementary motor, ventral premotor, default mode, and salience networks. CONCLUSION: Our goal is to move towards more precise, anatomically specific models of brain networks that can be constructed for individual patients and utilized in navigational platforms during brain surgery. We believe network modeling and future advances in navigation technology can provide a foundation for improving neurosurgical outcomes by allowing us to preserve complex brain networks.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/anatomia & histologia , Conectoma , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 8, we specifically address regions relevant to the posterior cingulate cortex, medial parietal lobe, and the parieto-occipital sulcus.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Giro do Cíngulo/anatomia & histologia , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Occipital/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Parietal/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Giro do Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Occipital/fisiologia , Lobo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Parietal/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 2, we specifically address regions relevant to the lateral frontal lobe.
Assuntos
Lobo Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Substância Branca/anatomia & histologia , Conectoma , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Frontal/fisiologia , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Substância Branca/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 7, we specifically address regions relevant to the lateral parietal lobe.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Parietal/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Lobo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Parietal/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 9, we specifically address regions relevant to the occipital lobe and the visual system.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Lobo Occipital/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Lobo Occipital/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Occipital/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 4, we specifically address regions relevant to the medial frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Lobo Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Giro do Cíngulo/anatomia & histologia , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Lobo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Lobo Frontal/fisiologia , Giro do Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagem , Giro do Cíngulo/fisiologia , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Córtex Pré-Frontal/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 3, we specifically address regions relevant to the sensorimotor cortices.
Assuntos
Conectoma , Rede Nervosa/anatomia & histologia , Córtex Sensório-Motor/anatomia & histologia , Imagem de Tensor de Difusão/métodos , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Rede Nervosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Rede Nervosa/fisiologia , Vias Neurais/anatomia & histologia , Vias Neurais/diagnóstico por imagem , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , Neuroimagem/métodos , Córtex Sensório-Motor/diagnóstico por imagem , Córtex Sensório-Motor/fisiologiaRESUMO
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 6, we specifically address regions relevant to the temporal lobe.