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1.
East Afr Med J ; 76(1): 42-6, 1999 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10442148

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to conduct a survey on the knowledge and practices relating to malaria prevention and treatment in two rural communities in Western Kenya, and to determine the acceptability of specially designed permethrin impregnated sisal strands curtains previously introduced into one of the study communities as barriers to mosquito biting. DESIGN: A knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey was conducted by pre-trained interviewers using a pre-tested questionnaire. SETTING: The study was conducted in two communities located 15 km northwest of Kisumu town, and next to the swamps bordering Lake Victoria in Kisumu District, Western Kenya. PARTICIPANTS: Adult individuals from 50 houses selected from the intervention, and 50 houses from the control sites were included in the study. RESULTS: Both communities had a clear conception of malaria and its symptoms, and of the mosquito as its vector. Malaria was recognised as a potential cause of death by 44% and 72% of the participants in the intervention and control sites respectively. Sixty two per cent to 74% of the people interviewed in both sites named mosquitoes as the causative agents of malaria. Chloroquine was still the drug of choice for malaria treatment, with over 70% usage among the study population. Mention of pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine/sulfalene as alternative therapy was below five per cent. Despite a high level (86%) of awareness of bednets as effective barriers to mosquito biting, they were reported in use by less than 35% in both communities. Sisal strand curtains were considered effective and acceptable to more than 80% of the community. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study underscore the existing need for affordable means of mosquito control, such as sisal strand curtains, for such rural communities which may be acutely aware of the problems associated with malaria, but are constrained from taking any action by lack of resources.


Assuntos
Roupas de Cama, Mesa e Banho , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inseticidas/administração & dosagem , Malária/prevenção & controle , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos , Piretrinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Quênia , Masculino , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde , Permetrina , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Lancet ; 2(8605): 247-50, 1988 Jul 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2899237

RESUMO

Halofantrine hydrochloride given to 46 Kenyan children with falciparum malaria at 10 mg/kg for two doses, and to 60 other children at 8 mg/kg for three doses, resulted in rapid parasite clearance, mean parasite clearance times being 45.4 h and 54.8 h, respectively. In-vitro chemosensitivity tests showed that most infections were due to chloroquine-resistant parasites, and that parasite maturation was inhibited by considerably lower concentrations of halofantrine than of chloroquine.


Assuntos
Antimaláricos/administração & dosagem , Cloroquina/uso terapêutico , Malária/tratamento farmacológico , Fenantrenos/administração & dosagem , Administração Oral , Adolescente , Animais , Antimaláricos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Esquema de Medicação , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Resistência a Medicamentos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Lactente , Quênia , Malária/sangue , Malária/epidemiologia , Malária/urina , Masculino , Fenantrenos/uso terapêutico , Plasmodium falciparum , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Exp Parasitol ; 82(3): 306-15, 1996 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8631382

RESUMO

Studies were carried out in three villages in western Kenya on the biting behavior of Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus. Blood feeding behavior and departure from houses were studied under the impact of permethrin-impregnated eaves-sisal curtains. Only 2-13% of the female vector population was collected biting before 2200 hr. Over 90% of the villagers went to bed by 2100 hr. An. funestus was 6.6-8.2 times more likely to bite people indoors than outdoors, while An. gambiae s.l. females were only 2 times as likely. Under the influence of permethrin-impregnated sisal curtains placed under the eaves of village houses, there was a marked egress of blood-fed An. funestus and An. gambiae s.s. Permethrin seems to have induced exophily of half-gravid female An. gambiae s.s. While An. gambiae s.s. remained highly anthropophagic under the impact of permethrin, An. funestus shifted to feeding more on cattle. An arabiensis were largely zoophilic. Our results underline the difficulties of controlling An. gambiae s.s., the principal African malaria vector. New strategies must be found to control this vector.


Assuntos
Anopheles/fisiologia , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores/fisiologia , Malária/prevenção & controle , Controle de Mosquitos , Animais , Bovinos , Comportamento Alimentar , Feminino , Habitação , Humanos , Mordeduras e Picadas de Insetos/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Controle de Mosquitos/métodos
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