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Encapsulation is an immobilization method characterized by restricting microbial cells to a delimited area while preserving their metabolic viability. This technique represents an alternative to improve the adaptive capacity of bacteria in the face of interactions with native microorganisms and environmental factors that limit their inoculation. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837 encapsulated in alginate-Na beads as an inoculant of tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L) seedlings. Two inoculation treatments were carried out: liquid and encapsulated, and the control without microorganisms. Physiological variables, microbial viability, and the presence of A. vinelandii were determined by qPCR. Inoculation with A. vinelandii in liquid and encapsulated form favored seedling growth. Plants with the encapsulated inoculum significantly increased germination percentage (20%), stem diameter (38%), seedling height (34%), root length (69%), NO3 concentration (41%), and Na (30%); compared to the control. Encapsulation of A. vinelandii in alginate-Na macrocapsules allowed its establishment in the rhizosphere and was corroborated by viable count and molecular methods. The viability of the bacteria was maintained for 28 days using both inoculation methods, and not detected in the control treatment.
Assuntos
Azotobacter vinelandii , Solanum lycopersicum , Alginatos , Azotobacter vinelandii/genética , Rizosfera , PlântulaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the growth, respiratory activity, and biodegradation of chlorpyrifos in cultures of Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837. A strategy based on the modification of culture media and aeration conditions was carried out to increase the cell concentration of A. vinelandii, in order to favor and determine its tolerance to chlorpyrifos and its degradation ability. The culture in shaken flasks, using sucrose as a carbon source, significantly improved the growth compared to media with mannitol. When the strain was cultivated under oxygen-limited (5.5, 11.25 mmol L-1 h-1) and no-oxygen-limited conditions (22 mmol L-1 h-1), the growth parameters were not affected. In cultures in a liquid medium with chlorpyrifos, the bacteria tolerated a high pesticide concentration (500 ppm) and the growth parameters were improved even under conditions with a reduced carbon source (sucrose 2 g L-1). The strain degraded 99.6% of chlorpyrifos at 60 h of cultivation, in co-metabolism with sucrose; notably, A. vinelandii ATCC 12837 reduced by 50% the initial pesticide concentration in only 6 h (DT50).
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INTRODUCTION: Introduction: obesity is a worldwide problem that predisposes to other health conditions. A direct relationship has been shown between obesity and genetic damage; the late is considered as an early marker of cancer in some cases. Objective: to evaluate the genetic damage and eating habits of children with obesity and normal weight. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted in school-age children. Genetic damage was assessed from buccal epithelial mucosal cells, through the quantification of nuclear abnormalities such as micronuclei, karyorrhexis, caryolysis, pyknosis and the presence of two nuclei. The nutritional evaluation was carried out through the analysis of weight, height and the evaluation of their diet through nutritional clinical records. Results: no significant differences were found in the number of nuclear abnormalities between the groups studied. However, some children with obesity showed higher number of nuclear abnormalities compared with children with normal weight. Regarding their eating habits, a positive correlation was found between weight and the consumption of free sugars and proteins in the diet. Conclusions: the lack of evidence that correlates micronuclei with nutritional status suggests that the presence of these abnormalities can be attributed to environmental or epigenetic factors. Special attention requires the study of diets similar to those habitually consumed by this population, in order to avoid their potential consequences. This study represents an important contribution in the evaluation of the possible health risks associated with childhood obesity.
INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la obesidad es un problema mundial que predispone a otras complicaciones de salud. Se ha demostrado que existe una relación directa entre obesidad y daño genético, lo que se considera en algunos casos como un marcador temprano de cáncer. Objetivo: evaluar el daño genético y los hábitos alimentarios de niños con obesidad y con normopeso. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado en niños en edad escolar. Partiendo de células de la mucosa del epitelio bucal, se evaluó el daño genético a través de la cuantificación de anormalidades nucleares tales como micronúcleos, cariorrexis, cariolisis, picnosis y presencia de dos núcleos. La evaluación nutricional se realizó mediante el análisis de peso, talla y la valoración de su alimentación por medio de historias clínicas nutricionales. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de anormalidades nucleares entre los grupos, aunque algunos niños con obesidad mostraron mayor número de anormalidades nucleares en comparación con niños con normopeso. En cuanto a sus hábitos alimentarios, se encontró una correlación positiva entre peso y el consumo de azúcares libres y proteínas en la dieta. Conclusiones: la falta de evidencia que correlacione los micronúcleos con el estado nutricional sugiere que la presencia de estas anormalidades se puede atribuir a factores ambientales o epigenéticos. Especial atención requiere el estudio de dietas similares a las consumidas habitualmente por esta población, con la finalidad de evitar sus potenciales consecuencias. Este estudio representa una contribución importante en la evaluación de los posibles riesgos para la salud asociados con la obesidad infantil.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Comportamento Alimentar , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/genética , Núcleo Celular/genética , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Carboidratos da Dieta , Proteínas Alimentares , Epigênese Genética , Células Epiteliais , Feminino , Doenças Genéticas Inatas/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Testes para Micronúcleos , Estado NutricionalRESUMO
Rhamnolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants that are primarily produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa that have gained a great deal of interest for their numerous industrial applications and environmentally friendly properties. In this study, we explored the potential of waste canola oil as a low-cost and environmentally friendly substrate for the production of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa. Four different 23 full factorial designs were used to assess the effect of three independent factors on rhamnolipid production, including carbon source (canola oil and waste canola oil), nitrogen source [(NH4)2SO4 and NaNO3] and production time (7 and 14 days). The highest observed yield was 3585.31 ± 66.24 mg/L when P. aeruginosa was cultured for 14 days with 3% v/v waste canola oil and 4 g/L of NaNO3. The nitrogen source proved to be a crucial factor, as the use of NaNO3 rather than (NH4)2SO4 led to a 30-fold increase in production yield. The observed yield when waste canola oil was used was similar to, and even slightly higher than, that obtained using canola oil. Our results showed that waste canola oil has great potential for use as a carbon source for rhamnolipid production by P. aeruginosa, thus paving the way for the development of a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly bioprocess for the production of rhamnolipids.
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Medicinal plants are very useful for man and is the result of the experience that has accumulated for generations. The aim of the study was to obtain information on the use of medicinal plants used in indigenous communities of the Sierra Negra de Puebla, Mexico. A semi-structured interview was applied to 635 people; 79.5% women and 20.5% men. The use of 43 species divided into 21 families was reported. The most used families were Asteraceae (8 spp.), Lamiaceae (4 spp.) And Rutaceae (4 spp.), The species with higher frequency and use value were Matricaria recutita and Mentha piperita, the main affections treated were; stomach pain, cough and flu. The leaves were the most used (55%) the main form of preparation (30.2%) was maceration, most (65%) grow the plants in orchards. In indigenous communities, women have a preponderant role in the use of medicinal plants.
Las plantas medicinales son de gran utilidad para el hombre y es resultado de la experiencia que ha acumulado por generaciones. El objetivo del estudio fue obtener informacioÌn sobre el uso de las plantas medicinales utilizadas en comunidades indiÌgenas de la Sierra Negra de Puebla, MeÌxico. Se aplicoÌ una entrevista semiestructurada a 635 personas; 79.5% mujeres y 20.5% hombres. Se reportoÌ el uso de 43 especies divididas en 21 familias. Las familias maÌs utilizadas fueron Asteraceae (8 spp.), Lamiaceae (4 spp.) y Rutaceae (4 spp.), las especies con mayor frecuencia y valor de uso fueron Matricaria recutita y Mentha piperita, las principales afecciones tratadas fueron; dolor estomacal, tos y gripa. Las hojas fueron la parte maÌs utilizada (55%) la principal forma de preparacioÌn (30.2%) fue maceracioÌn, la mayoriÌa (65%) cultiva las plantas en huertos. En comunidades indiÌgenas la mujer tiene un papel preponderante en el uso de las plantas medicinales.