Impaction bone grafting for femoral revision hip arthroplasty with Exeter stem in Japan: An extended 10- to 15-year stem survival analysis of the previously reported series.

BACKGROUND: Femoral impaction bone grafting (IBG) was introduced in the late 1990s in Japan and has gradually become recognized as a useful option for femoral revision. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively analyze 10 to 15 years of clinical results of femoral revision arthroplasties of IBG using Exeter stem performed by experienced Japanese surgeons. METHODS: We investigated radiographic and clinical records more than 2 years after surgery in 99 hips of 93 patients. The average age was 66.3 years (36-84 years) and the average follow-up period was 11 years (2-23 years and 8 months). Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip score was used for clinical assessment, and re-operations for any reason were recorded. The survival curve was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The mean Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip score improved from 9.0 points to 14.5 points at the final follow-up. Re-operations were undertaken in 15 hips of 14 patients for aseptic acetabular component loosening (n = 1 hip), recurrent dislocation (n = 2 hips), infection (n = 4 hips), and periprosthetic femoral fracture (n = 8 hips). The survival rates at 10 and 15 years after operation were 87.1% and 81.1% with any type of re-operation as the endpoint, 92.2% and 92.2% with stem removal or exchange as the endpoint, 94.9% and 88.1% with re-operation for periprosthetic femoral fracture as the endpoint, and 99.0% and 99.0% with re-operation for aseptic stem loosening as the endpoint, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed encouraging results of femoral IBG over 10 years by experienced surgeons in Japan. Although femoral IBG is recognized as a technically complex procedure, survivorship of the stem is excellent, with a 15-year stem survival rate of 99.0% at the end point of aseptic loosening.

Four stem fractures in a 12-year follow-up study of 9,135 patients with Exeter hip stems at seven teaching facilities in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Although excellent long-term results have been reported for the Exeter stem, stem fracture is recognized as a rare complication. However, there have been no reports on the incidence and risk factors for stem fractures based on detailed population information. This study aimed to clarify the incidence of Exeter hip stem fracture based on detailed population information from seven Exeter stem teaching centers in Japan and to examine the risk factors for stem fracture. METHODS: A total of 8,499 primary total hip arthroplasties (THA) and 636 revision hip arthroplasties (revisions) performed at seven Exeter teaching hospitals between 1999 and 2021 were included and retrospectively investigated based on medical records. RESULTS: Stem fractures were identified in two primary THA (fracture rate: 0.02%) and two revision THA (fracture rate: 0.21%) cases. The stem length was ≤125 mm in three out of these four cases. Revision and 30 stem were the risk factors for stem fractures. Weight and body mass index (BMI) were not significantly associated with the occurrence of stem fractures. CONCLUSIONS: In Western countries, the incidence of Exeter stem fractures is reportedly 0.017-0.15% for primary THA and 0.99-1.21% for revision THA. In this study, the incidence of primary THA was 0.02%, which is similar to the lowest reported rate, whereas the incidence of revision THA was 0.21%, which is lower than that reported in previous studies. Revision surgery had the same risk factors as those reported in the West-namely, stem length ≤125 mm (except for the 30 stem) and BMI, which were not risk factors in Japanese patients.

Multi-center study of use of the Exeter stem in Japan: a 10-year follow-up report.

PURPOSE: Since the introduction of the Exeter stem for clinical use in Japan in 1996, the number of stems used has continued to rise owing to its favorable results. We investigated the outcomes of patients who had previously undergone total hip arthroplasty with the Exeter stem in Japan with a 10-year + follow-up period. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study used clinical and radiographic data of 682 cases of primary total hip arthroplasty performed using the Exeter stem. RESULTS: The mean postoperative follow-up period was 13.3 years. Femoral-side revision was required in 14 hips, with no cases of aseptic stem loosening-associated revision observed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis predicted 97.3% 15-year survival when revision for any reason was used as the endpoint. CONCLUSION: The obtained findings suggested the excellent long-term stability of the Exeter stem for primary total hip arthroplasty in Japan.

The flocculant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain gains robustness via alteration of the cell wall hydrophobicity.

When lignocellulosic biomass is utilized as a fermentative substrate to produce biochemicals, the existence of a yeast strain resistant to inhibitory chemical compounds (ICCs) released from the biomass becomes critical. To achieve the purpose, in this study, Saccharomyces yeast strains from a NBRC yeast culture collection were used for exploration and evaluated in two different media containing ICCs that mimic one another but resemble the hydrolysate of real biomass. Among them, S. cerevisiae F118 strain shows robustness upon the fermentation with unique flocculation trait that was strongly responsive to ICC stress. When this strain was cultured in the presence of ICCs, its cell wall hydrophobicity increased dramatically, and reduced significantly when the ICCs were depleted, demonstrating that cell-surface hydrophobicity can also act as an adaptive response to the ICCs. Cells from the strain with the highest cell-wall hydrophobicity displayed progressively stronger flocculation, indicating that the F118 strain is having unique robustness under ICC stress. Gene expression perturbation analysis revealed that mot3 gene encoding regulatory Mot3p from the F118 strain was expressed in response to the concentration of ICCs. This gene was found to control expression of ygp1 gene that encoding Ygp1p, one of cell wall proteins. Deep sequencing analysis revealed that the Mot3p of the F118 strain features a unique insertion and deletion of nucleotides that encode glutamine or asparagine residues, particularly in N-terminal domain, as determined by comparison to the Mot3p sequence from the S288c strain, which was employed as a control strain. Furthermore, the cell wall hydrophobicity of the S288c strain was greatly enhanced and became ICC-responsive after gene swapping with the mot3 gene from the F118 strain. The gene-swapped S288c strain fermented 6-fold faster than the wild-type strain, producing 14.5 g/L of ethanol from 30 g/L of glucose consumed within 24 h in a medium containing the ICCs. These such modifications to Mot3p in unique locations in its sequence have a potential to change the expression of a gene involved in cell wall hydrophobicity and boosted the flocculation response to ICC stress, allowing for the acquisition of extraordinary robustness.

Molecular identification of Eimeria species in liver and feces of naturally infected rabbits in Japan.

Among the 11 species of Eimeria in rabbits, some of which are known to be pathogenic and cause enteritis, E. stiedae induces severe liver lesions resulting in elevated mortality. Unlike in other countries, the incidence and prevalence of the parasites in rabbits have not been reported in Japan. In the present study, we histopathologically analyzed hepatic coccidiosis in a rabbit and attempted several primers to genetically identify the parasites and investigated the prevalence of Eimeria species at the same farm. In the liver of the affected rabbit, we observed fibrosis and edema around multiple bile ducts and epithelial cell hyperplasia of the bile ducts. Large numbers of developing parasites of Eimeria spp., mainly oocysts, were present in the bile ducts. PCR and sequencing analyses with the published primers for Cyclospora and Eimeria spp. were used to successfully identify the parasites in the liver as E. stiedae. The oocysts of Eimeria spp. were detected in 13 out of 20 fecal samples collected from other rabbits at the farm, and five Eimeria spp. (E. perforans, E. flavescens, E. exigua, E. magna, and E. vejdovskyi) were genetically confirmed. Our results provide the first indication that Eimeria spp., including highly pathogenic species, are present in Japan and the primer set used herein can be a useful tool for the identification of rabbit Eimeria spp.

Multi-centre study of cement-in-cement and in-cement femoral revision total hip arthroplasty using polished, stainless steel stems.

BACKGROUND: Exposure of the acetabular component during revision total hip arthroplasty is often difficult and stems are often difficult to remove. Polished and tapered cemented stems are easily removed and can be easily reconstructed by either cement-in-cement or in-cement technique. This study was a retrospective review of the medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty conducted with the Exeter stem fixed by cement-in-cement or in-cement method in four institutions. METHODS: This study included hips (n = 103) reconstructed by cement-in-cement or in-cement technique on the femoral side during revision total hip arthroplasty in four institutions between 2003 and 2015. The mean age at surgery was 71.1 years (range, 43-86 years), and the mean follow-up period was 5.6 years (range, 0-13 years). RESULTS: Revision arthroplasty was required for acetabular component complications in 69 hips, for dislocation in 25, for infection in eight, and for stem fracture in one hip. Re-revision was required in 10 hips for: infection (n = 6), acetabular component complications (n = 3), and dislocation (n = 1). No radiographic loosening, cement fractures, or osteolysis of the femoral components were observed. Ten-year survival rate was 99% with the endpoint of femoral revision surgery, and 100% with the endpoint of femoral aseptic loosening. CONCLUSIONS: The medium-term outcomes of revision total hip arthroplasty on the femoral side conducted using the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique were favourable, with no cases of aseptic loosening. As long as the bone-cement interface remains robust, there is no need to remove all the cement, and the cement-in-cement or in-cement technique should be used for reconstruction.

Characterization of a Novel Murine Colon Carcinoma Subline with High-Metastatic Activity Established by In Vivo Selection Method.

The establishment of cancer cell lines, which have different metastatic abilities compared with the parental cell, is considered as an effective approach to investigate mechanisms of metastasis. A highly metastatic potential mouse colon cancer cell subline, Colon-26MGS, was derived from the parental cell line Colon-26 by in vivo selection using continuous subcutaneous implanting to immunocompetent mice. To clarify the mechanisms involved in the enhancement of metastasis, morphological characteristics, cell proliferation, and gene expression profiles were compared between Colon-26MGS and the parental cell. Colon-26MGS showed over 10 times higher metastatic ability compared with the parental cell, but there were no differences in morphological characteristics and in vitro proliferation rates. In addition, the Colon-26MGS-bearing mice exhibited no marked change of splenocyte population and lung pre-metastatic niche with tumor-free mice, but there were significant differences compared to Colon-26-bearing mice. RNA-seq analyses indicated that immune costimulatory molecules were significantly up-regulated in Colon-26MGS. These results suggest that Colon-26MGS showed not only higher metastatic activity, but also less induction property of host immune response compared to parental Colon-26. Colon-26MGS has proven to be a novel useful tool for studying multiple mechanisms involving metastasis enhancement.

Income from nutrition and oral health management among long-term care insurance facilities in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

OBJECTIVE: To determine recent insurance claim rates for, facility income from, and the roles of professionals associated with management of nutrition, oral ingestion and oral health maintenance in long-term care insurance facilities (LTCIFs) in Niigata Prefecture. METHODS: A questionnaire on current staffing, oral health professional (OHP) utilisation, and claims for insured benefits for the investigated services was mailed to all LTCIFs in Niigata Prefecture, Japan (n = 304). Claim rates for and average facility income from these benefits were calculated. Facility income was compared between facilities with and without employed OHPs. Statistically significant factors associated with claims for investigated benefits were identified by logistic regression. RESULTS: Responses from 111 facilities indicated that they made insurance claims for nutrition management (95%), transition from tube feeding to oral ingestion (9%), basic maintenance of oral ingestion (39%), additional services for maintenance of oral ingestion (23%), oral health management system (68%), and oral health management (17%). Most facilities established collaborations with private dental clinics, but only 16% of facilities employed OHPs. Facility income was significantly higher (P = 0.005) for facilities that employed OHPs. OHP employment by facilities was associated with claims for four of the six benefits (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Most facilities consulted with private dental clinics, and 16% of the facilities employed dentists or dental hygienists to help residents manage oral ingestion problems and oral health maintenance. The facility income associated with management of these problems was significantly higher in facilities employing dental professionals.

Peri-prosthetic bone remodeling and change in bone mineral density in the femur after cemented polished tapered stem implantation.

OBJECTIVE: We examined longitudinal changes in bone mineral density (BMD) around the femur for 5 years after total hip arthroplasty (THA) using cemented collarless polished double-tapered stem implantation and investigated the influence of BMD changes on radiological remodeling of the femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty hips from 56 patients who underwent cemented THA with a collarless polished double-tapered stem were included. BMD was measured 2 weeks postoperatively (baseline), 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and annually thereafter until 5 years after surgery using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on the lumbar spine and proximal femur of the operated side according to the Gruen's zone classification. We analyzed predictable factors for BMD preservation in the proximal femur and compared radiological remodeling of the femur and changes in BMD. RESULTS: BMD at 5 years in zone 7 decreased less than 10%, whereas BMD in zone 1 increased to over the baseline (+ 1.9%). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that body weight was a predictor for positive BMD change in the proximal femur. The frequency of radiolucency of the femur was significantly lower in patients who exhibited an increase in BMD at 5 years compared with BMD at 2 weeks in zone 7. CONCLUSION: BMD preservation of the proximal femur after cemented collarless polished double-tapered stem implantation was more effective in heavier patients. Furthermore, the frequency of radiolucency around the stem was significantly lower in patients who exceeded 100% of the baseline BMD in zone 7 at 5 years.

Biochemical Gas Sensors (Biosniffers) Using Forward and Reverse Reactions of Secondary Alcohol Dehydrogenase for Breath Isopropanol and Acetone as Potential Volatile Biomarkers of Diabetes Mellitus.

This study describes two biosniffers to determine breath acetone and isopropanol (IPA) levels and applies them for breath measurement in healthy subjects and diabetic patients. Secondary alcohol dehydrogenase (S-ADH) can reduce acetone and oxidize nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH to NAD+) in a weak acid environment. NADH can be excited by 340 nm excitation lights and subsequently emit 490 nm fluorescence. Therefore, acetone can be measured by the decrease in NADH fluorescence intensity. S-ADH can also oxidize IPA and reduce NAD+ to NADH when it is in an alkaline environment. Thus, IPA can be detected by the increase of fluorescence. The developed biosniffers show rapid response, high sensitivity and high selectivity. The breath acetone and IPA analysis in healthy subjects shows that the mean values were 750.0 ± 434.4 ppb and 15.4 ± 11.3 ppb. Both acetone and IPA did not show a statistical difference among different genders and ages. The breath acetone analysis for diabetic patients shows a mean value of 1207.7 ± 689.5 ppb, which was higher than that of healthy subjects (p < 1 × 10-6). In particularly, type-1 diabetic (T1D) patients exhaled a much higher concentration of acetone than type-2 diabetic (T2D) patients (p < 0.01). The breath IPA also had a higher concentration in diabetic patients (23.1 ± 20.1 ppb, p < 0.01), but only T2D patients presented a statistical difference (23.9 ± 21.3 ppb, p < 0.01). These findings are worthwhile in the study of breath biomarkers for diabetes mellitus diagnosis. Additionally, the developed biosniffers provide a new technique for volatolomics research.

Proximal femoral reconstruction with impaction bone grafting and circumferential metal mesh.

INTRODUCTION: Impaction bone grafting (IBG) using a circumferential metal mesh is one of the options that allow restoration of the femoral bone stock and stability of the implant in revision hip arthroplasty. Here we examine the clinical and radiographic outcome of this procedure using a cemented stem, including experimental analysis of the initial stability of mesh-grafted bone-cemented stem complexes. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed six hips (six patients) that had undergone femoral revisions with a circumferential metal mesh, impacted bone allografts, and a cemented stem. The mean follow-up period was 3.9 years (range 2.4-4.8 years). Hip joint function was evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score, and radiographic changes were determined from radiographs. The initial resistance of mesh-grafted bone-cemented stem complexes to axial and rotational force was measured in a composite bone model with various segmental losses of the proximal femur. RESULTS: The hip score improved from 50 (range 10-84) preoperatively to a mean of 74 (range 67-88) at the final follow-up. The overall implant survival rate was 100 % at five years when radiological loosening or revision for any reason was used as the endpoint. No stem subsided more than 3 mm vertically within one year after implantation. Computed tomography showed reconstitution of the femoral canal in a metal mesh. In mechanical analyses, there was no relationship between IBG reconstruction rates under axial compression and stem subsidence or failure load. In contrast, under rotational load, the rotation angles of the stem to the stainless steel mesh were strongly affected by the IBG reconstruction rate. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term results show good outcomes for reconstruction of proximal bone loss with IBG and a circumferential mesh. The procedure should be applied in cases where the circumferential proximal bone loss is less than half the length of the implanted stem.

Universal asymptotic correlation functions for point group C_{6v} and an observation for triangular lattice Q-state Potts model.

We investigate a universal curve in asymptotic correlation functions of off-critical systems that possess C_{6v} symmetry following the argument for C_{4v} symmetry in our previous paper [Phys. Rev. E 102, 032141 (2020)2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.102.032141]. Unlike the C_{4v} case, a minimal asymptotic form exists, which contains only two free parameters: the normalization constant and the modulus of the universal curve. We perform large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of the triangular lattice Q-state Potts model above the transition temperature. For Q=1, 2, 3, and 4, we successfully obtain numerical evidence that the minimal form gives the leading asymptotic behavior. We also discuss the possibility that the corrections to the minimal form are expressed using this form as a building block. From the minimal form with optimized parameters, we derive the equilibrium crystal shape of the honeycomb lattice Potts model, which is given by an algebraic curve of genus 1 and is universal among models with C_{6v}. Although the curve differs from those obtained in the C_{4v} case, the latter curves also have genus 1. We indicate that the birational equivalence concept can play an important role in comparing asymptotic forms for different point group symmetries, for example, C_{6v} and C_{4v}.

Towards global consensus on outcome measures for atopic eczema research: results of the HOME II meeting.

The use of nonstandardized and inadequately validated outcome measures in atopic eczema trials is a major obstacle to practising evidence-based dermatology. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative is an international multiprofessional group dedicated to atopic eczema outcomes research. In June 2011, the HOME initiative conducted a consensus study involving 43 individuals from 10 countries, representing different stakeholders (patients, clinicians, methodologists, pharmaceutical industry) to determine core outcome domains for atopic eczema trials, to define quality criteria for atopic eczema outcome measures and to prioritize topics for atopic eczema outcomes research. Delegates were given evidence-based information, followed by structured group discussion and anonymous consensus voting. Consensus was achieved to include clinical signs, symptoms, long-term control of flares and quality of life into the core set of outcome domains for atopic eczema trials. The HOME initiative strongly recommends including and reporting these core outcome domains as primary or secondary endpoints in all future atopic eczema trials. Measures of these core outcome domains need to be valid, sensitive to change and feasible. Prioritized topics of the HOME initiative are the identification/development of the most appropriate instruments for the four core outcome domains. HOME is open to anyone with an interest in atopic eczema outcomes research.

Outcomes of Charnley total hip arthroplasty using improved cementing with so-called second- and third-generation techniques.

BACKGROUND: Techniques of cemented total hip arthroplasty have developed over time. We present the outcomes of Charnley total hip arthroplasty performed using improved second- and third-generation cementing techniques. METHODS: We reviewed the radiologic results of 91 Charnley total hip arthroplasties performed using second- and third-generation cementing techniques. Second-generation techniques involved making multiple anchor holes, a double-cementing method on the acetabular side and an intramedullary plug, and retrograde filling with a cement gun on the femoral side in 57 hips. Third-generation techniques involved additional vacuum mixing and cement pressurization in 34 hips. RESULTS: Joint survival rates at 20 years when using second-generation techniques were 89% for the socket and 94% for the stem with aseptic loosening as the end point; the survival rates at 10 years when using third-generation techniques were 97 and 100%, respectively. According to our radiographic evaluation system for the clear zone at 5 years, there was less clear zone in the acetabular side with the third-generation techniques than with second-generation techniques. In the femoral side, there was very little development of the clear zone, but the difference between generations was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Second- and third-generation cementing techniques showed excellent survivorship. The clear zone scores at 5 years indicated that third-generation techniques were effective, especially in the acetabular side, and may produce better long-term results than second-generation techniques.

Multi-center study of use of the Exeter stem in Japan: evaluation of 1000 primary THA.

BACKGROUND: The Exeter stem was introduced to the Japanese market in 1996. Since then, owing to excellent clinical results, the number of stems used has increased year by year and more than 2000 stems were implanted in 2009. The objective of this study was to prove the efficacy of the Exeter stem for Japanese patients by evaluating the short-term results of four major dedicated hip centers. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of clinical and radiographic results of 1000 primary total hip arthroplasties (THA) performed using the Exeter stem on 881 patients who were followed-up for at least 2 years after surgery. The average age of the patients at operation was 62.3 years (range 23-89 years). Mean postoperative follow-up period was 4.0 (range 2-9) years. RESULTS: Thirty postoperative complications were observed, including 9 infections, 14 dislocations, 5 cases of deep vein thrombosis, and 2 cases of sciatic nerve palsy. No symptomatic pulmonary embolization or femoral fractures were observed. Re-operations for infection and dislocation were performed in 8 and 6 hips, respectively. According to Barrack's classification, the postoperative cementing grade was judged as A for 735 hips, B for 246 hips, and C for 4 hips. At final follow-up, no radiolucent line was observed at the bone-cement interface. Cortical hypertrophy was observed in 9.5 % of cases in Gruen zones 2-6. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis predicted 100 % survival at 5 years when a radiolucent line at the bone-cement interface of the femur was used as the endpoint, 98.8 % when re-operation was required for any reason. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that excellent short-term results were achieved by fixing the Exeter stem with modern cementing techniques for primary THA in Japanese patients.

A pilot project for the Japan arthroplasty register.

BACKGROUND: National arthroplasty registers are valuable tools for reporting on an updated epidemiologic survey of arthroplasties and for evaluating the performance of implants and operative procedures through the early identification of failure risk factors. More than ten registers have been launched globally, but no national register has been reported in Asia. METHODS: In February 2006, a pilot project of the Japan Arthroplasty Register (JAR) for total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty/unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (TKA/UKA) was launched by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA). Data obtained include information about patients, primary and revision arthroplasty operative procedures, and implants and materials used. The JAR office accumulated and processed all data and reports annually. RESULTS: Up to May 2011, 83 of 130 hospitals nominated by the JOA (64 %) participated in the JAR pilot project. From 2006 to 2011, 33,080 data collection forms were submitted; 17,534 for THA and 17,269 for TKA/UKA. A brief summary of the annual report of the JAR is available from The Japanese Society for Replacement Arthroplasty web site at http://jsra.info/ . CONCLUSION: A national arthroplasty register is a useful tool for evaluating the outcomes of interventions and the materials used in arthroplasties and for providing rapid feedback to practitioners and patients about any failure of THA and TKA/UKA. As the first national arthroplasty register in Asia, the JAR will help guide the development of registers of arthroplasty characteristics specific to Asian populations.

Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Disease Evaluation Questionnaire (JHEQ): a patient-based evaluation tool for hip-joint disease. The Subcommittee on Hip Disease Evaluation of the Clinical Outcome Committee of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association.

BACKGROUND: The Japanese Orthopaedic Association Hip Score is widely used in Japan, but this tool is designed to reflect the viewpoint of health-care providers rather than that of patients. In gauging the effect of medical therapies in addition to clinical results, it is necessary to assess quality of life (QOL) from the viewpoint of patients. However, there is no tool evaluating QOL for Japanese patients with hip-joint disease. METHODS: With the aim of more accurately classifying QOL for Japanese patients with hip-joint disease, we prepared a questionnaire with 58 items for the survey derived from 464 opinions obtained from approximately 100 Japanese patients with hip-joint disease and previously devised evaluation criteria. In the survey, we collected information on 501 cases, and 402 were subjected to factor analysis. From this, we formulated three categories-movement, mental, and pain-each comprising 7 items, for a total of 21 items to be used as evaluation criteria for hip-joint function. RESULTS: The Cronbach's α coefficients for the three categories were 0.93, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively, indicating the high reliability of the evaluation criteria. The 21 items included some related to the Asian lifestyle, such as use of a Japanese-style toilet and rising from the floor, which are not included in other evaluation tools. CONCLUSIONS: This self-administered questionnaire may become a useful tool in the evaluation of not only Japanese patients, but also of members of other ethnic groups who engage in deep flexion of the hip joint during daily activities.

Impaction bone grafting for femoral revision hip arthroplasty with Exeter Universal stem in Japan.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the retrospective clinical and radiographic results of femoral revision arthroplasties with impaction bone grafting performed by experienced Japanese surgeons. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the radiographic and clinical records more than 2 years after the surgery in 99 hips of 93 patients. The average age was 66.3 years (36-84 years) and the average follow-up period was 5.2 years (2-13 years). The Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip score was used for clinical assessment, and peri-operative fractures were recorded. The survival curve was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The mean Merle d'Aubigné and Postel hip score improved from 9.0 points to 15.2 points at the final follow-up. Augmentations for segmental defect of femoral cortices were undertaken in 55 hips. Metal or strut allograft plates were applied to 9 hips and 21 hips, respectively. Intra-operative fractures or perforations occurred in 20 hips. Re-operations of the femur were undertaken in nine hips including five post-operative femoral fractures. More than 5 mm of subsidence was observed in only 2 hips. The survival rates at 8 years after the operation were 94.8 % with femoral fractures as the end point, 93.1 % with any stem removal or exchange as the end point, and 99.0 % with aseptic stem loosening as the end point, respectively. CONCLUSION: The present study showed encouraging mid-term results of impaction bone grafting for femoral revision arthroplasty by experienced surgeons in Japan. Aggressive augmentation of segmental defects and attenuated femoral shafts prevents massive stem subsidence and periprosthetic fracture.

Erratum: Asymptotic correlation functions in the Q-state Potts model: A universal form for point group C_{4v} [Phys. Rev. E 102, 032141 (2020)].

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.102.032141.

A survey of oral health status, subjective oral symptoms and oral health behaviors among first-year dental students at a Japanese university.

PURPOSE: The rapid deterioration of oral health in young adults is an alarming problem in Japan. The aim of the present study is to investigate the oral health status, subjective oral symptoms and oral health behaviors of dental students. METHODS: Participants were 108 first-year students attending dental school in 2018-2019. Oral examinations were performed to assess dental caries indices, oral hygiene status, gingival bleeding on probing (BOP) and pocket depth. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess subjective oral symptoms and oral health behaviors. RESULTS: The prevalence of decayed teeth (DT) and gingivitis (BOP ≥ 10%) were 43.5% and 50.0%, respectively. Having DT and gingivitis were significantly associated with poorer oral hygiene. No association was observed between DT and subjective symptoms. Having gingivitis was significantly associated with xerostomia, mouth-breathing and less use of interdental cleaning tools. Multiple logistic regression analysis for gingivitis yielded an odds ratio of 1.41 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-1.67) for plaque score, and 2.75 (1.27-5.98) for xerostomia. CONCLUSION: Since a relatively high ratio of students had DT and gingivitis without clear subjective symptoms, they require regular dental visits for early treatment and oral hygiene maintenance from the start of their time at university.