Safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma for severe COVID-19: a randomized, single blinded, parallel, controlled clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma (CP) has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under study. However, the variability in the current clinical trials has averted its wide use in the current pandemic. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CP in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the early stages of the disease. METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted on 101 patients admitted to the hospital with confirmed severe COVID-19. Most participants had less than 14 days from symptoms onset and less than seven days from hospitalization. Fifty patients were assigned to receive CP plus standard therapy (ST), and 51 were assigned to receive ST alone. Participants in the CP arm received two doses of 250 mL each, transfused 24 h apart. All transfused plasma was obtained from "super donors" that fulfilled the following criteria: titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 IgG ≥ 1:3200 and IgA ≥ 1:800 antibodies. The effect of transfused anti-IFN antibodies and the SARS-CoV-2 variants at the entry of the study on the overall CP efficacy was evaluated. The primary outcomes were the reduction in viral load and the increase in IgG and IgA antibodies at 28 days of follow-up. The per-protocol analysis included 91 patients. RESULTS: An early but transient increase in IgG anti-S1-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels at day 4 post-transfusion was observed (Estimated difference [ED], - 1.36; 95% CI, - 2.33 to - 0.39; P = 0.04). However, CP was not associated with viral load reduction in any of the points evaluated. Analysis of secondary outcomes revealed that those patients in the CP arm disclosed a shorter time to discharge (ED adjusted for mortality, 3.1 days; 95% CI, 0.20 to 5.94; P = 0.0361) or a reduction of 2 points on the WHO scale when compared with the ST group (HR adjusted for mortality, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.5; P = 0.0376). There were no benefits from CP on the rates of intensive care unit admission (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.35 to 1.9; P = 0.6399), mechanical ventilation (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.25 to 1.7; P = 0.4039), or mortality (HR, 3.2; 95% CI, 0.64 to 16; P = 0.1584). Anti-IFN antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 variants did not influence these results. CONCLUSION: CP was not associated with viral load reduction, despite the early increase in IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. However, CP is safe and could be a therapeutic option to reduce the hospital length of stay. Trial registration NCT04332835.

Time course of recovery following resistance training leading or not to failure.

PURPOSE: To describe the acute and delayed time course of recovery following resistance training (RT) protocols differing in the number of repetitions (R) performed in each set (S) out of the maximum possible number (P). METHODS: Ten resistance-trained men undertook three RT protocols [S × R(P)]: (1) 3 × 5(10), (2) 6 × 5(10), and (3) 3 × 10(10) in the bench press (BP) and full squat (SQ) exercises. Selected mechanical and biochemical variables were assessed at seven time points (from - 12 h to + 72 h post-exercise). Countermovement jump height (CMJ) and movement velocity against the load that elicited a 1 m s-1 mean propulsive velocity (V1) and 75% 1RM in the BP and SQ were used as mechanical indicators of neuromuscular performance. RESULTS: Training to muscle failure in each set [3 × 10(10)], even when compared to completing the same total exercise volume [6 × 5(10)], resulted in a significantly higher acute decline of CMJ and velocity against the V1 and 75% 1RM loads in both BP and SQ. In contrast, recovery from the 3 × 5(10) and 6 × 5(10) protocols was significantly faster between 24 and 48 h post-exercise compared to 3 × 10(10). Markers of acute (ammonia, growth hormone) and delayed (creatine kinase) fatigue showed a markedly different course of recovery between protocols, suggesting that training to failure slows down recovery up to 24-48 h post-exercise. CONCLUSIONS: RT leading to failure considerably increases the time needed for the recovery of neuromuscular function and metabolic and hormonal homeostasis. Avoiding failure would allow athletes to be in a better neuromuscular condition to undertake a new training session or competition in a shorter period of time.

Pancreatic islet amyloidosis, beta-cell apoptosis, and alpha-cell proliferation are determinants of islet remodeling in type-2 diabetic baboons.

beta-Cell dysfunction is an important factor in the development of hyperglycemia of type-2 diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic islet amyloidosis (IA) has been postulated to be one of the main contributors to impaired insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of IA with metabolic parameters and its effect on islets of Langerhans remodeling and relative endocrine-cell volume in baboons. We sequenced the amylin peptide, determined the fibrillogenic propensities, and evaluated pancreatic histology, clinical and biochemical characteristics, and endocrine cell proliferation and apoptosis in 150 baboons with different metabolic status. Amylin sequence in the baboon was 92% similar to humans and showed superimposable fibrillogenic propensities. IA severity correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.662, P < 0.001) and HbA1c (r = 0.726, P < 0.001), as well as with free fatty acid, glucagon values, decreased homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) insulin resistance, and HOMA-B. IA severity was associated with a decreased relative beta-cell volume, and increased relative alpha-cell volume and hyperglucagonemia. These results strongly support the concept that IA and beta-cell apoptosis in concert with alpha-cell proliferation and hypertrophy are key determinants of islets of Langerhans "dysfunctional remodeling" and hyperglycemia in the baboon, a nonhuman primate model of type-2 diabetes mellitus. The most important determinants of IA were age and FPG (R(2) = 0.519, P < 0.0001), and different FPG levels were sensitive and specific to predict IA severity. Finally, a predictive model for islet amyloid severity was generated with age and FPG as required variables.

Leptin receptor gene K656N polymorphism is associated with low body fat levels and elevated high-density cholesterol levels in Mexican children and adolescents.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the association between obesity and the K109R, Q223R, and K656N polymorphisms of the leptin receptor (LEPR) locus. Such polymorphisms cause changes in the extracellular extreme of the LEPR gene product and appear to be related to signal transduction toward the cell. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 128 participants between 6 and 17 years of age from a Mexican Mestizo population were included in the study. Individuals were classified as overweight-obese (n = 76) and normal (n = 52), based on anthropomorphic measurements. The K109R, Q223R, and K656N polymorphisms of the LEPR were determined by the size of restriction fragments obtained from polymorphic fragment amplification (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) obtained from genomic DNA. Allele frequency was compared using the chi-square test. Odds ratio was calculated to determine allele obesity risk factor. RESULTS: Variant allele frequency was 109R = 0.35, 223R = 0.49, and 656N = 0.11 for the K109R, Q223R, and K656N polymorphisms, respectively. No statistically significant association with obesity was found in any of the alleles. The N allele of the K656N polymorphism was associated with nonobesity markers, such as high concentrations of high-density lipoproteins, normal body mass index, less thickness of skinfolds, and body perimeters. None of the alleles studied were shown to be obesity risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is no association between the K109R, Q223R, and K656N polymorphisms of the LEPR gene with obesity, and none of the alleles of the LEPR gene K109R, Q223R, and K656N polymorphisms are an obesity risk factor.

Threshold for copulation-induced analgesia varies according to the ejaculatory endophenotypes in rats.

Analgesia may be modulated by multiple internal and external factors. In prior studies, copulatory-induced analgesia was demonstrated using the vocalization threshold to tail shock (VTTS) in male and female rats. Three ejaculatory endophenotypes have been characterized in male Wistar rats based upon their ejaculation latency (EL). Since intromissions and ejaculations produce analgesia, and these copulatory patterns are performed with different frequency depending on the male's ejaculatory endophenotype, we hypothesized that copulation-induced analgesia would vary in relation to these endophenotypes. In the present study, we used three groups according to the EL (medians): rapid ejaculators (236 s; n = 21), intermediate ejaculators (663.2 s; n = 20) and sluggish ejaculators (1582.2 s; n = 8). Our aim was to evaluate whether copulation-induced analgesia is related to the ejaculatory endophenotypes during two consecutive ejaculatory series (EJS). In the first EJS, the VTTS of the rapid ejaculators was significantly higher than that of intermediate and sluggish rats. At the onset of the second EJS, the VTTS of the rapid and intermediate ejaculators was significantly higher than that of the sluggish rats. No differences in VTTS were observed during the first or second post-ejaculatory intervals among the three groups. These findings provide evidence that the more intromissions that occurred per unit time, the higher was the level of analgesia.

Elucidating the interactions between the rust Hemileia vastatrix and a Calonectria mycoparasite and the coffee plant.

Calonectria hemileiae, a fungus associated with pustules of the coffee leaf rust (CLR, Hemileia vastatrix) in Brazil, was tested in vitro and in planta to assess its biocontrol potential. The fungus inhibited the germination of rust spores by over 80%. CLR severity was reduced by 93% when Calonectria was applied to coffee leaf discs inoculated with H. vastatrix, whilst a reduction of 70-90% was obtained for in planta experiments. Mycoparasitism was demonstrated through the fulfillment of Koch's postulates. Elucidation of the biochemical interaction between Calonectria and Hemileia on coffee plants indicated that the mycoparasite was able to increase plant resistance to rust infection. Coffee plants sprayed with Calonectria alone showed greater levels of chitinase, ß-1,3-glucanase, ascorbate peroxidase and peroxidase. Although effective in controlling the rust, fungicide applications damaged coffee photosynthesis, whereas no harm was caused by Calonectria. We conclude that C. hemileiae shows promise as a biocontrol agent of CLR.

Physiological and biochemical insights into the basal level of resistance of two maize hybrids in response to Fusarium verticillioides infection.

Fusarium stalk rot (FSR), caused by Fusarium verticillioides, is one of the most destructive diseases impacting maize yield worldwide. In this study, net carbon assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), transpiration rate (E), and internal CO2 concentration (Ci) were evaluated on leaves and the activities of enzymes (chitinase (CHI), ß-1-3-glucanase (GLU), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX)) as well the concentrations of total soluble phenolics (TSP), lignin-thioglycolic acid (LTGA) derivatives, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were evaluated in the internodes and nodes of plants from maize hybrids moderately resistant (BRS 1035) and susceptible (30F35Y) to FSR. The upward relative lesion length (URLL) and radial fungal colonization (RFC) were 46 and 29% lower for the BRS 1035 hybrid in comparison to 30F35Y hybrid, respectively, at 30 after inoculation (dai). For both hybrids, A, gs, and E values significantly decreased while the Ci values increased on infected leaves compared to noninoculated plants. Inoculated plants from BRS 1035 hybrid showed an increase in A compared to inoculated plants from 30F35Y hybrid, and the increase in Ci values was greater for plants from 30F35Y hybrid at 30 dai compared to plants from BRS 1035 hybrid. The CHI, GLU, PPO, CAT, APX, and POX activities increased for inoculated plants from both hybrids compared to the noninoculated plants. In the internodes region, the increase in the activities of CHI (during the infection process of F. verticillioides) and GLU (at earlier stages of F. verticillioides infection) was more pronounced for plants from BRS 1035 hybrid than for plants from 30F35Y hybrid. In the region of the nodes, activities of CHI (during the infection process of F. verticillioides), PAL (at 20 dai), PPO (at 30 dai), and CAT and POX (both at three dai) were more pronounced for plants from BRS 1035 hybrid than for plants from 30F35Y hybrid. In the internodes region, the lower TSP concentration at 30 dai was linked to a high concentration of LTGA derivatives for inoculated plants from BRS 1035 hybrid compared to inoculated plants from 30F35Y hybrid. Taking together, the results of the present study allowed to conclude that the infection by F. verticillioides triggered physiological and biochemical changes on the stalk of maize plants influencing photosynthesis on leaves. A more robust antioxidative metabolism for reactive oxygen species removal in association with an efficient and strong activity of defense enzymes helped to minimize the cellular damage caused by F. verticillioides infection resulting, therefore, in an increase in maize resistance to FSR.

Use of intraoperative cholangiography in patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis with preoperative imaging or endoscopic study.

BACKGROUND: Cholecystectomy is one of the most performed procedures worldwide. Many surgeons defend the use of routine intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), but this action is getting less practiced because other preoperative tools that can omit IOC. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the utility of performing intraoperative cholangiography in patients whom got a preoperative imaging or endoscopy study. We analized the association between the diagnostic-therapeutic approach and hospital readmissions because of bile duct obstruction. METHOD: Retrospective and comparative study of 117 patients admitted with choledocholithiasis and submitted to cholecystectomy between January 2014 and December 2016. The statistical analysis was performed comparing groups using chi squared test with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: Patients whom got a preoperative study and had performed an intraoperative cholangiography didn't readmitted. The study reported nine readmissions, being residual gallbladder stone the diagnostic. Patients whom didn't get an intraoperative cholangiography reported the most readmissions. The studied group who registered the most readmissions was the one who didn't get performed an intraoperative cholangiography nor a preoperative study. No mortality was reported. CONCLUSION: Patients who had IOC performed reported less readmissions for residual stone.

ANTECEDENTES: La colecistectomía es uno de los procedimientos quirúrgicos más realizados. Muchos cirujanos defienden la colangiografía transoperatoria (CTO) sistemática, pero su uso es cada vez menos frecuente por la disponibilidad de otras herramientas de estudio empleadas preoperatoriamente que pueden obviar este procedimiento. OBJETIVO: Valorar la utilidad de la CTO cuando se cuenta con un estudio de imagen o endoscópico preoperatorio. Analizar la relación entre el reingreso por un cuadro obstructivo de vía biliar y el abordaje al que se sometió el paciente. MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo y comparativo de 117 pacientes ingresados por coledocolitiasis en un periodo de 2 años. Las variables analizadas fueron demográficas, diagnóstico, CTO, estudio previo y reingreso. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de coledocolitiasis en quienes se realizó colecistectomía. El análisis estadístico se hizo comparando grupos mediante la prueba de ji al cuadradocon una significancia estadística de p < 0.05. RESULTADOS: El grupo con estudio preoperatorio y CTO no presentó reingresos. Hubo nueve reingresos, siendo el diagnóstico de lito residual. Los grupos sin CTO presentaron más reingresos. El grupo con mayor número de reingresos fue el que no se realizó CTO y no contaba con estudio preoperatorio. No se reportó mortalidad. CONCLUSIÓN: Los grupos en los que se realizó CTO presentaron menos reingresos por lito residual.

Predictions of CD4 lymphocytes' count in HIV patients from complete blood count.

BACKGROUND: HIV diagnosis, prognostic and treatment requires T CD4 lymphocytes' number from flow cytometry, an expensive technique often not available to people in developing countries. The aim of this work is to apply a previous developed methodology that predicts T CD4 lymphocytes' value based on total white blood cell (WBC) count and lymphocytes count applying sets theory, from information taken from the Complete Blood Count (CBC). METHODS: Sets theory was used to classify into groups named A, B, C and D the number of leucocytes/mm3, lymphocytes/mm3, and CD4/µL3 subpopulation per flow cytometry of 800 HIV diagnosed patients. Union between sets A and C, and B and D were assessed, and intersection between both unions was described in order to establish the belonging percentage to these sets. Results were classified into eight ranges taken by 1000 leucocytes/mm3, calculating the belonging percentage of each range with respect to the whole sample. RESULTS: Intersection (A ∪ C) ∩ (B ∪ D) showed an effectiveness in the prediction of 81.44% for the range between 4000 and 4999 leukocytes, 91.89% for the range between 3000 and 3999, and 100% for the range below 3000. CONCLUSIONS: Usefulness and clinical applicability of a methodology based on sets theory were confirmed to predict the T CD4 lymphocytes' value, beginning with WBC and lymphocytes' count from CBC. This methodology is new, objective, and has lower costs than the flow cytometry which is currently considered as Gold Standard.

Experimental characterization of temperature sensitive dyes for laser induced fluorescence thermometry.

Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) is a non-intrusive optical technique that uses fluorescent dyes to measure whole-field fluid scalars such as temperature, concentration, pH, etc. LIF measurements' accuracy is strongly influenced by the fluorescent dye's behavior under different experimental conditions. In particular, ratiometric LIF thermometry accuracy depends on the correct selection of fluorescent dyes mixtures. Therefore, a thorough characterizations of fluorescent dyes is needed to obtain optimal mixtures and suitable optical configurations for given experimental conditions. This work presents the experimental characterization of fluorescein-27 (FL27) and rhodamine-B (RhB) mixtures to determine suitable aqueous solutions for ratiometric LIF thermometry. The mixtures' fluorescence emission intensity was measured with a spectrofluorometer, and the influence of concentration ratio (C(RhB)/C(FL27)), temperature, excitation wavelength (λ(ext)), and pH were analyzed. The results show that the temperature dependence of FL27 emission intensity changed from a negative to a positive value as the excitation wavelength increased. The temperature sensitivity (4.0% per °C) of RhB and FL27 mixture under 532 nm excitation wavelength was found to be higher than that of the commonly used mixture of RhB and Rh110 (2.0% per °C) at the same excitation wavelength. While the emission intensities of the dyes are sensitive to pH value, the temperature dependence is unaffected. The influence of concentration ratio on temperature sensitivity depends on both the detected bands of the emitted spectrum and the temperature; the concentration ratio should be selected based on the measured temperature scope. A new multicolor method or advanced two color method with high temperature sensitivity (6.0% or 10.0% per °C) is presented. This technique was specially developed to improve whole-field temperature measurements.

Pielonefritis enfisematosa en paciente con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana: reporte de caso / Emphysematous pyelonephritis in patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection: A case report

La pielonefritis enfisematosa es una infección necrosante del parénquima renal que puede afectar los tejidos perirrenales y cuyo espectro de presentación clínica, por esa razón, es variable (choque séptico, acidosis metabólica, hiperglucemia, hipoglucemia, falla renal, delirio, entre otros); la mayoría de los casos se han informado en pacientes con diabetes mellitus o presencia de uropatía obstructiva. Reportamos el caso de una paciente joven no diabética quien presentó pielonefritis enfisematosa como condición clínica que lleva al diagnóstico inicial de infección por VIH, sin otras comorbilidades relacionadas, exitosamente tratada con manejo quirúrgico y antibioticoterapia. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura, en la cual no se ha informado esta enfermedad como manifestación clínica que lleve al diagnóstico inicial de la infección por VIH.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a necrotising infection of the renal parenchyma that may affect the perirenal tissue. Thus, the spectrum of clinical presentation is variable (septic shock, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, renal failure, delirium); most cases have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus or obstructive uropathy. We report the case of a young female patient without diabetes who presented emphysematous pyelonephritis as the condition that led to the diagnosis of HIV infection, without related comorbidities, and who was successfully treated with surgical and antibiotical therapy. A systematic search of the literature revealed that this disease as a condition leading to an initial diagnosis of HIV infection has not been previously reported.

A 30-year-old male with corneal opacity and a rapidly progressing ulcer / Hombre de 30 años con opacidad y úlcera corneal de rápida progresión

Gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis is a rapidly progressing and aggressive infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae . We report a case of a patient who presented keratoconjunctivitis with an opacity in the left cornea that progressed into an ulcerative lesion despite initial treatment with antibiotic eye drops. Gram stains from the purulent discharge of the left eye showed gram-negative diplococci, and the culture from the ocular discharge was positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Resolution was achieved with the administration of 2 g of intramuscular ceftriaxone in a single dose, and the patient had no sequelae.

La queratoconjuntivitis gonocócica es un infección agresiva y de rápida progresión causada por Neisseria gonorrhoeae . Reportamos el caso de un paciente quien presentó queratoconjuntivitis con opacidad corneal izquierda, la cual progresó a lesión ulcerativa a pesar del tratamiento inicial con antibiótico en gotas oftálmicas. La tinción de Gram y el cultivo a partir de la secreción purulenta del ojo izquierdo mostró diplococos gramnegativos y crecimiento de Neisseria gonorrhoeae , respectivamente. La curación del paciente se logró tras la administración de 2 g de ceftriaxona intramuscular en dosis única; el paciente no presentó secuelas.

Síndrome de falla multiorgánica secundario a hematoma esplénico por Plasmodium vivax / Mulitorgan dysfunction syndrome due to splenic hematoma secondary to Plasmodium vivax infection

Los cuadros de falla orgánica múltiple y mortalidad secundarios a Plasmodium vivax son escasos. Generalmente esta infección es considerada un enfermedad de curso benigno. El compromiso esplénico con la formación de hematoma es una complicación poco frecuente por este parásito pero, al presentarse, puede asociarse a un compromiso mayor de los sistemas cardiovascular, respiratorio, hematológico, renal y nervioso central; en algunos casos puede ser fatal. Para el diagnóstico de esta complicación se debe tener una alta sospecha clínica y descartar otras enfermedades, por lo cual presentamos el caso de un paciente quien cursó con un cuadro de hematoma esplénico con falla orgánica múltiple con desenlace fatal por Plasmodium vivax .

Cases of multiple organ failure and mortality secondary to Plasmodium vivax are scarce, and the infection produced by this parasite is generally considered of a benign nature. Splenic compromise with formation of a haematoma is a complication not usually seen; however, when present, it can be associated with a greater compromise of the cardiovascular, respiratory, hematologic, renal and central nervous systems, leading to death in some reports. To diagnose this type of complication, physicians must have a high clinical suspicion and exclude other associated pathologies. We present the case of a patient who developed splenic haematoma associated with multiple organ failure and death secondary to infection with Plasmodium vivax .

Uso de sistemas de seguridad vial en vehículos en los que viajan niños y adolescentes uruguayos. Estudio observacional en tres ciudades uruguayas / Using road safety systems in vehicles traveling Uruguayan children and adolescents. Observational study in three cities in Uruguay

Introducción: los traumatismos o injurias causadaspor siniestros de tránsito constituyen un serio problema de salud en Uruguay y en el mundo. El uso de cinturón de seguridad y sistemas de retención infantil constituyen medidas fundamentales para prevenir estos traumatismos o disminuir sus consecuencias. En Uruguay la Ley de Tránsito y Seguridad Vial Nº 18.191, decreta obligatoriedad en el uso de cinturón por el conductor y los pasajeros. No hace referencia a sistemas de seguridad específicos para niños. Objetivo: describir características vinculadas a la seguridad intravehicular de niños uruguayos que viajan en vehículos particulares motorizados de cuatro ruedas y la prevalencia del uso de cinturón de seguridad de los mayoresde14 añosqueviajanconellos. Método: estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal realizado en Montevideo, Salto y Paysandú, en mayo y junio de 2008. Resultados: vehículos observados 909. Total de ocupantes 2.523. 47 % eran menores de 14 años.Viajaban en filas delanteras: 25% de los menores de 5 años y 32% de los menores de un año. No utilizabansistema de seguridad intravehicular 83 % de los menores de 14 años. No utilizaban cinturón de seguridad 45 % de los mayores de 14 años. Conclusiones: es imperativa la elaboración y aprobación de leyes sobre el uso de sistemas de retención infantil adecuados así como el desarrollo de acciones de fiscalización del cumplimiento de éstas. Es tarea de todos promover la responsabilidad social apelando a modificar la conducta en la vía pública con el fin de disminuir los factores de riesgo que inciden en la enfermedad traumática.

Tuberculoma intramedular en paciente inmunocompetente / Intramedullary tuberculoma in an immunocompetent patient

Presentamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino, de 26 años de edad, con compromiso subagudo de la fuerza muscular de los miembros inferiores y retención urinaria. Se documentó la presencia de un tuberculoma intramedular para el que recibió tratamiento antituberculoso y corticosteroides, obteniéndose resolución total de los síntomas. Al final se hace una corta revisión de la literatura científica.

We present the case of a 26 year old male patient, with a subacute compromise of muscle strength in his lower limbs and urinary retention. The presence of an intramedullary tuberculoma was documented. The patient received corticosteroids and anti-tuberculous therapy, with a total resolution of the symptoms. A short a literature review is also included.

Miasis cavitaria: reporte de un caso / Miasis cavitaria: reporte de caso / Cavitary myiasis: case report

La miasis es una enfermedad producida en tejidos o en cavidades corporales por la infestación de larvas de algunas especies de dípteros; su clasificación se hace según el sitio anatómico de infestación o de acuerdo al ciclo vital de la especie. En Colombia, la mayoría de los casos reportados de miasis cavitaria son debidos a Cochiliomyia hominivorax. Se reporta el caso de una paciente desnutrida con perforación del septo nasal, a quien al realizarle endoscopia nasal se le extraen once larvas vivas que posteriormente se envían al Laboratorio de Entomología del Instituto Nacional de Salud, en donde después de 22 días se obtienen moscas adultas de la familia Calliphoridae, género Cochliomyia, especie hominivorax...

Myiasis is an animal or human disease caused by parasitic dipterous fly larvae feeding on the host's necrotic or living tissue. Different classifications of myiasis can be adopted: description of myiasis by the infected area of the host, or accordingly with the biology of the fly species causing the myiasis and its likely effect. In Colombia most of the reported cases of cavity miasis are caused by Cochiliomyia hominivorax. A malnourished female patient is described with perforations in the nasal septo. A nasal endoscopy was performed to this patient and eleven alive larvae extracted and sent to the Laboratory of Entomology at the National Institute of Health. There, the larvea were given the appropriate development conditions for 22 days to finally obtained adult flies, which were identified in the Calliphoridae family, the Cochiliomyia gender and the hominivorax species...

A Miasis é uma doença produzida nos tecidos ou cavidades corporais pela infestação de larvas de algumas espécies de dípteros, sua classificação se faz segundo o lugar anatômico da infestação ou por o ciclo vital da espécie. Na Colômbia, A maioria dos casos reportados de miasis cavitaria são devidos à Cochiliomyia hominivorax. Reporta-se o caso de uma paciente desnutrida com perfuração do septo nasal, a quém ao realizar-lhe endoscopia nasal de llhe extraem onze larvas vivas que posteriormente se enviam ao laboratório de Entolologia do Instituto Nacional de Saúde, em onde depois de 22 dias de obtêm moscas adultas da família Calliphoridae, gênero Cochlomyia, espécie hominivorax...

Interpretación de la PPD, fundamentos fisiopatologicos y enfoque práctico / PPD interpretation: physiopathology background and practice assessment

La Tuberculosis (TB) es un problema de salud pública, y la PPD (Tuberculina) se constituye en una herramienta para la detección de la TB latente. La interpretación de la PPD a través de un modelo que involucre el componente fisiopatológico, el sistema inmune del paciente y sus factores de riesgo permite una decisión correcta sobre tratar o no una TB latente de alta prevalencia de TB. En esta revisión se introduce un modelo racional de interpretación de la Tuberculina.