Novel Nanotechnological Strategies for Skin Anti-aging.

BACKGROUND: Nanoparticle formulations development for anti-aging treatment is increasing due to their multifunctional properties. These nanotechnological strategies can target cellular/ molecular pathways of the skin affected by the aging process. However, a review of these strategies is required to discuss their efficacy/safety and establish the needs for further research. OBJECTIVE: Innovative nanotechnological advances for skin anti-aging/rejuvenation are summarized and discussed in this work. METHODS: The information in this review was extracted from recent and relevant studies using nanotechnology for anti-aging treatment from scientific databases. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results show an enhanced skin anti-aging effect of actives-loaded nanoparticles of next generation (nanostructured lipid carriers, fullerenes, transfersomes, protransfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, transethosomes, glycerosomes, phytosomes) compared with nanocarriers of first generation or conventional formulations. Anti-aging active ingredients such as, flavonoids (rutin, hesperidin, quercetagetine, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, myricetin, silibinin, curcuminoids, isoflavones); vitamins (E, D₃, CoQ10); acids (hyaluronic, ascorbic, rosmarinic, gallic); extracts (Citrus sinensis, Tagetes erecta L., Achillea millefolium L., Citrus aurantium L., Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Aloe vera, propolis earned by Apis mellifera); and other compounds (adenosine, beta-glucan, heptapetide DEETGEF, resveratrol, cycloastragenol, melatonin, botulinum toxin, grapeseed oil), have been successfully entrapped into nanoparticles for skin rejuvenation. This encapsulation has improved their solubility, bioavailability, stability, permeability, and effectivity for skin anti-aging, providing a controlled drug release with minimized side effects. CONCLUSION: Recent studies show a trend of anti-aging herbal active ingredients-loaded nanoparticles, enhancing the moisturizing, antioxidant, regenerating and photoprotective activity of the skin. Suitable safety/shelf-life stability of these novel formulations is key to a successful translation to the clinic/industry.

DFT study of CO adsorption on nitrogen/boron doped-graphene for sensor applications.

We have performed a Density Functional study of the CO adsorption in B-doped, N-doped and BN-co-doped graphene considering a coronene based model in order to estimate the applications of this systems as CO-sensor. Different monosubstituted, disubstituted and trisubstituted alternatives of combining these two heteroatoms in a substitutional chemical doping and the influence of the relative positions of the heteroatoms are analyzed. In this study, the stability selectivity for CO adsorption and the change in the electric properties for the presence of this molecule, have been evaluated through the calculation of binding energy, CO-adsorption's energy and the gap HOMO-LUMO change due to CO adsorption. The results indicated that, even though all the configurations were stables and was confirmed a CO physical adsorption in all of them, the relative positions of Nitrogen and Boron gave different stabilities and different responses to the CO adsorption. Since monosubstituted Boron-coronene was the second in stability respect to pristine coronene, showed the highest CO adsorption energy and was also the second highest ∆(∆HOMO-LUMO) value, this structure could be potentially a good CO-sensor.