RESUMO
A 5-year-old female Siberian husky that was diagnosed as an essential hypertensive was bred several times over a 5-year period, producing a colony of 39 offspring. Thirty of the 39 animals were subjected to biweekly systemic arterial blood pressure determinations with femoral arterial puncture and were placed into two hypertensive and two normotensive groups based on mean blood pressure: Group 1 (mean blood pressure, 128 +/- 12 mm Hg), Group 2 (mean blood pressure, 121 +/- 3 mm Hg), Group 3 (mean blood pressure, 114 +/- 8 mm Hg), and Group 4 (mean blood pressure, 101 +/- 9 mm Hg). Groups 1, 2, and 3 had mean blood pressures significantly higher than that of Group 4 (p less than 0.05). Ten dogs (representatives from Groups 1, 2, and 3) were subjected to more detailed clinical testing including angiography, echocardiography, ophthalmic examination, plasma catecholamine and renin activity measurements, plasma lead and cadmium determinations, cerebrospinal fluid examination, renal profile, and serum chemistry and hematological analysis. Five unrelated normotensive Siberian huskies were compared with colony dogs by using echocardiography. Groups 1 and 2 showed a clear but statistically insignificant upward trend in left ventricular wall thickness indexed against body weights when compared with that in Group 3 and in the unrelated five normal Siberian dogs. Thus, the only specific difference from group to group in the colony at the termination of this study was the difference in mean blood pressure. Based on these data, it is possible and likely that aging will reveal changes secondary to chronic primary hypertension. The pathogenesis of this hereditary disorder remains unknown.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/genética , Hipertensão/veterinária , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Cães , Feminino , Hipertensão/genética , MasculinoRESUMO
AIM: Since canine hereditary essential hypertension has been previously reported in a colony of Siberian husky dogs, we tested the suitability of this model for use in studies on the platelet defect identified in humans with essential hypertension. METHODS: Platelet aggregation and dense granule ATP secretion were measured in dogs with essential hypertension and normotensive control dogs. RESULTS: The platelets from the hypertensive group showed significantly increased aggregation and secretion in response to stimulation with ADP. There was no significant increase in aggregation or secretion when platelets from hypertensive dogs were stimulated by platelet-activating factor, thrombin, calcium ionophore A23187 or phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: The increased aggregation and secretion responses in platelets from the hypertensive dogs suggest that a defect similar to that reported in humans with essential hypertension exists and that further investigation is warranted.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/metabolismo , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Agregação Plaquetária , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cães , Feminino , MasculinoRESUMO
Craniomandibular osteopathy is a disease of several breeds of dogs, principally West Highland White and Scottish terriers. It is characterized by a non-neoplastic proliferation of bone on the ramus of the mandible and/or the tympanic bulla. The disease in various respects resembles Paget's disease and infantile cortical hyperostosis of humans. A retrospective pedigree analysis of a kindred of West Highland White terriers was performed to determine if the trait was inherited and to determine mode of inheritance. This study indicated that in West Highland White terriers, the condition is an autosomal recessive trait.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/genética , Doenças Mandibulares/veterinária , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Cães , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Masculino , Doenças Mandibulares/diagnóstico , Doenças Mandibulares/genética , LinhagemRESUMO
A group of related borzoi dogs were studied over a 6-year period to ascertain the cause of primary hypothyroidism. Four generations of dogs were analyzed. Two littermates with lymphocytic thyroiditis were mated and the 10 offspring were all diagnosed, on the basis of thyroid biopsy evaluation, as having lymphocytic thyroiditis by age 2.5 years. A wide range of thyroid gland lesions was demonstrated in this litter of dogs. This report documents the occurrence of lymphocytic thyroiditis in three successive generations of an inbred group of borzoi dogs. An autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for the trait in this group of dogs is proposed.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/genética , Tireoidite Autoimune/veterinária , Animais , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Endogamia , Masculino , Linhagem , Tireoidite Autoimune/genética , Tireoidite Autoimune/patologiaRESUMO
Platelets from dogs affected with Basset Hound Hereditary Thrombopathy (BHT), have a thrombasthenia-like aggregation defect but release storage pool ATP in quantities not significantly different from normal controls or BHT heterozygotes when stimulated with 1 X 10(-5)M ADP and 0.22 U/ml thrombin. However, the release occurs so rapidly in the BHT platelets stimulated with ADP that it is complete in approximately one-sixth of the time required for release from normal control and heterozygote platelets. Sequential electron micrographs reveal early release of BHT dense body constituents 30 seconds after stimulation with 1 X 10(-5)M ADP while resting BHT morphology is indistinguishable from normal control animals.
Assuntos
Nucleotídeos de Adenina/metabolismo , Transtornos Plaquetários/veterinária , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Difosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Difosfato de Adenosina/farmacologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/sangue , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Transtornos Plaquetários/sangue , Plaquetas/ultraestrutura , Cães , Medições Luminescentes , Microscopia Eletrônica , Agregação PlaquetáriaRESUMO
Regulation of growth of long bones occurs in cartilage growth plates, where proliferation of chondrocytes, matrix synthesis, and an increase in vertical height in the direction of growth all contribute to the final length of a bone. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an increase in chondrocytic vertical height is a major variable that accounts for the decreased rate of growth of long bones in Scottish deerhound dogs that had pseudoachondroplasia. The diagnosis of pseudoachondroplasia is based, primarily, on the demonstration of alternating electron-dense and electron-lucent lamellae with a periodicity of 100 to 150 nanometers in dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. These ultrastructural changes are similar to those seen in humans who have pseudoachondroplasia. In Scottish deerhounds that have the disease, growth of bone is approximately 65 per cent of that in normal animals. There were striking differences in the diameters of proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes in pseudoachondroplastic animals compared with normal animals. Specifically, the horizontal diameter of proliferating chondrocytes was 22.7 micrometers in normal animals and 11.3 micrometers in pseudoachondroplastic animals. The vertical diameter of proliferating chondrocytes was 4.8 and 7.6 micrometers in normal and pseudoachondroplastic animals. In the distal 100 micrometers of the hypertrophic zone, the mean horizontal diameter of hypertrophic chondrocytes was 29.6 and 19.1 micrometers and the mean vertical diameter was 22.8 and 18.6 micrometers in normal and pseudoachondroplastic animals. All these differences were statistically significant. The changes in vertical height resulted in a significant difference in the incremental difference in vertical height between chondrocytes from the proliferative and hypertrophic zones in normal animals (18.0 micrometers per chondrocyte) and pseudoachondroplastic animals (11.0 micrometers per chondrocyte). Each chondrocyte in the abnormal plates achieved only 61 per cent of the incremental difference of chondrocytes in normal plates. The mean cellular volume of chondrocytes in the hypertrophic zone was 13,050 cubic micrometers in the normal animals and 10,740 cubic micrometers in the pseudoachondroplastic animals. This difference was not statistically significant. These results are discussed in relation to current theories of the role of the shape and change in volume of chondrocytes in the regulation of longitudinal growth of bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Assuntos
Acondroplasia/patologia , Desenvolvimento Ósseo , Acondroplasia/fisiopatologia , Animais , Cartilagem Articular/ultraestrutura , Cães , Feminino , Lâmina de Crescimento/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia de PolarizaçãoRESUMO
Dispersed pancreatic islet tissue, prepared by collagenase digestion without separation of exocrine and endocrine components, was transplanted into the splenic pulp of 12 dogs made diabetic by total pancreatectomy. Four dogs (group 1) were given autotransplants, and all became euglycemic 4.5 +/- 1.5 days (mean +/- SE) after the transplantation was done. Three of these dogs remained euglycemic until splenectomized 60 days after transplantation was done. Four dogs (group 2) given allogeneic transplants from histocompatible littermates within the same group were administered cyclosporine (40 mg/kg of body weight/day; starting 2 days before transplantation was done until dogs were splenectomized), and 3 of these dogs became euglycemic 8.0 +/- 2.0 days after the transplant was done. Two of the 3 dogs that became euglycemic remained so until splenectomized 60 days after transplantation was done, and the 3rd was euglycemic until 31 days after transplantation. Four dogs (group 3) given allogeneic islet transplants from nonrelated histocompatible donors within the same group were given cyclosporine (40 mg/kg/day; as described for group 2), and none became euglycemic.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/terapia , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Animais , Glicemia/análise , Cães , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Insulina/sangue , Cinética , Colagenase Microbiana , Pancreatectomia , Baço , Esplenectomia , Transplante Autólogo , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
A prolonged mean template bleeding time of 13 minutes was present in nine Aleutian mink affected with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) compared with 4 minutes in dark control mink. The concentrations of blood platelets in normal and affected animals did not differ significantly. However, in mink with CHS, a marked disturbance of platelet response to collagen was present. Administration of aspirin and indomethacin completely blocked CH platelet response to collagen. Blood platelet adenosine triphosphate and adenosine diphosphate values from mink with CHS were significantly less than those of normal mink, and the platelet adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate ratios were 10.31 in affected mink and 2.74 in normal mink. These findings are consistent with our previous investigations in affectd cattle and persons and indicate that a "storage pool disease" of platelets exist in the mink with CHS.
Assuntos
Nucleotídeos de Adenina/deficiência , Tempo de Sangramento/veterinária , Transtornos Plaquetários/veterinária , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Vison/sangue , Testes de Função Plaquetária/veterinária , Difosfato de Adenosina/deficiência , Trifosfato de Adenosina/deficiência , Animais , Aspirina/farmacologia , Transtornos Plaquetários/sangue , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/sangue , Síndrome de Chediak-Higashi/veterinária , Colágeno/farmacologia , Feminino , Indometacina/farmacologia , Masculino , Oxigenases/antagonistas & inibidores , Agregação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Angiostrongylus vasorum infection was diagnosed at necropsy of a Greyhound imported from Ireland. Granulomatous masses and pulmonary arterial thrombosis were associated with adult and larval stages of metastrongyle nematodes. Hemorrhages, widespread in subcutaneous tissue and muscle masses and at serosal surfaces, were suggestive of the onset of the bleeding disorder that has been seen in angiostrongylosis in Europe. The mollusks that can serve as intermediate hosts are known to be common in the United States, and therefore establishment of this parasite from imported racing or breeding stock is possible.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Pneumopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Infecções por Nematoides/veterinária , Angiostrongylus , Animais , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Pulmão/patologia , Pneumopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Masculino , Infecções por Nematoides/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there had been a significant improvement in hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States by comparing results of evaluations done by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals of dogs born between 1972 and 1980 with those of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 and determining whether there had been an increase in the percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SAMPLE POPULATION: 270,978 evaluations. PROCEDURE: Numbers and percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype during each period and change between periods in percentages of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype were calculated. RESULTS: Percentage of dogs born between 1989 and 1992 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (15,289/143,668; 10.64%) was significantly higher than percentage of dogs born between 1972 and 1980 that were classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype (9,960/127,310; 7.82%). The increase in percentage of dogs classified as having excellent hip joint phenotype was significantly higher for male (51%) than for female (27%) dogs. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results suggest that there has been an improvement in the hip joint phenotype of dogs in the United States between the 1970s and early 1990s and that the improvement has been greater among male than among female dogs.
Assuntos
Cães/anatomia & histologia , Articulação do Quadril/anatomia & histologia , Animais , Cruzamento , Estudos de Coortes , Cães/genética , Feminino , Displasia Pélvica Canina/diagnóstico , Displasia Pélvica Canina/epidemiologia , Displasia Pélvica Canina/patologia , Articulação do Quadril/patologia , Incidência , Masculino , Fenótipo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Caracteres Sexuais , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Clinical, radiographic, pathologic, and genetic features of a form of osteochondrodysplasia in 5 related Scottish Deerhound pups from 2 litters were evaluated. All pups appeared to be phenotypically normal at birth. At approximately 4 or 5 weeks, exercise intolerance and retarded growth were observed. Kyphosis, limb deformities, and joint laxity gradually developed. Radiography of the affected pups revealed skeletal changes characterized by abnormalities in long bones and vertebrae, with involvement of epiphyses, growth plates, and metaphyses. Short long bones and vertebrae and irregular and delayed epiphyseal ossification were most noticeable in younger pups; in older pups, bony deformities became more prominent. In skeletally mature dogs, osteopenia and severe deformities were seen. The histologic changes of the growth plate were compatible with a diagnosis of chondrodysplasia. Growth plate chondrocytes contained periodic acid Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant cytoplasmic inclusions. A single autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was suspected.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/genética , Nanismo/veterinária , Osteocondrodisplasias/veterinária , Animais , Osso e Ossos/anormalidades , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Nanismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Nanismo/genética , Nanismo/patologia , Feminino , Genes Recessivos , Lâmina de Crescimento/patologia , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Masculino , Osteocondrodisplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/patologia , Fenótipo , Radiografia , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagem , Rádio (Anatomia)/patologia , Ulna/diagnóstico por imagem , Ulna/patologiaRESUMO
Ataxia and depression developed in 21 of 50 (42%) laboratory cats wearing flea collars impregnated with 2,2-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (dichlorvos or DDVP) in a warm dry environment. Five (10%) of the cats died. Whole blood cholinesterase (ChE) activity was significantly (P smaller than 0.001) reduced in all cats and cervical dermatitis occurred in 37 (74%) of them.
Assuntos
Ataxia/veterinária , Doenças do Gato/induzido quimicamente , Dermatite de Contato/veterinária , Diclorvós/toxicidade , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Alopecia/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Ataxia/induzido quimicamente , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/veterinária , Gatos , Colinesterases/sangue , Depressão/induzido quimicamente , Eritema/induzido quimicamente , Eritema/veterinária , Feminino , Abrigo para Animais , Humanos , Umidade , Masculino , Sifonápteros , TemperaturaRESUMO
There are numerous genetic diseases influencing reproduction and periparturient care in dogs including such disorders as anasarca, cleft palate, swimmers, congenital heart disease, and the various conditions that cause excessive bleeding. It is probable that all breeds of dogs are at risk for these or other traits that influence whelping and neonatal care. Therefore, genetic counseling should be considered as an important aspect of prenatal and pediatric veterinary medicine.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Congênitas/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/genética , Animais , Fissura Palatina/veterinária , Cães , Cardiopatias Congênitas/veterinária , Doenças Hematológicas/veterinária , Hemorragia/veterinária , ReproduçãoRESUMO
One hundred and twenty-seven cases of histiocytosis in Bernese mountain dogs (BMD) were evaluated to determine if the tumour is inherited. Family data ruled out autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant and sex-linked modes of inheritance. The trait was determined to be inherited with a polygenic mode of inheritance. The salient points permitting this conclusion are: pedigrees developed from independently selected propositi link up allowing the tracing of all cases through several generations; multiple cases occur in the same litter; multiple cases have been produced by given dams and sires; there is a higher frequency of the disease among offspring of affected parents when compared to offspring of normal parents that produced histiocytosis and all offspring in the general population of BMDs; the fact that histiocytosis is common in BMDs and rare in eight other breeds and accounts for 25.4 per cent of the 500 tumours studied in this breed. The heritability of this trait was calculated to be 0.298.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/genética , Sarcoma Histiocítico/veterinária , Animais , Cruzamento , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Sarcoma Histiocítico/genética , Sarcoma Histiocítico/patologia , Masculino , Linhagem , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Essential hypertension (EH) in dogs is a relatively recently reported phenomenon. In this colony the canine disorder follows family lines and has a probable polygenic mode of inheritance, although the specific mode of inheritance has not been defined since an autosomal dominant trait has not clearly been ruled out. Direct intra-arterial femoral punctures are used to monitor blood pressure elevations, which tend to increase with advancing age. As in man, there are dogs with blood pressures intermediate between affected and normal dogs.