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To determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against dengue virus (DENV) and West Nile virus (WNV) in the human population of the Bolivian Chaco, we tested 256 inhabitants of two rural communities. The seroprevalence, confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization test, was 7.8% and 2.7% for DENV and WNV, respectively.
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Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Bolívia/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização , População Rural , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Ensaio de Placa Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bilingualism may protect against cognitive aging and delay the onset of dementia. However, studies comparing monolinguals and bilinguals on such metrics have produced inconsistent results complicated by confounding variables and methodological concerns. METHODS: We addressed this issue by comparing cognitive performance in a more culturally homogeneous cohort of older Spanish-speaking monolingual (n = 289) and Spanish-English bilingual (n = 339) Mexican-American immigrants from the Sacramento Longitudinal Study on Aging. RESULTS: After adjusting for demographic differences and depressive symptoms, both groups performed similarly at baseline on verbal memory but the bilingual group performed significantly better than the monolingual group on a cognitive screening test, the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS; p < 0.001). Group differences on the 3MS were driven by language/executive and language/praxis factors. Within the bilingual group, neither language of testing nor degree of bilingualism was significantly associated with 3MS or verbal memory scores. Amongst individuals who performed in the normal or better range on both tests at baseline and were followed for an average of 6 years, both monolinguals and bilinguals exhibited similar rates of cognitive decline on both measures. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that bilingualism is associated with modest benefits in cognitive screening performance in older individuals in cross-sectional analyses that persist across longitudinal analyses. The effects of bilingualism should be considered when cognitively screening is performed in aging immigrant populations.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Demência , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Multilinguismo , Idoso , Envelhecimento/etnologia , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Cognição , Estudos Transversais , Demência/diagnóstico , Demência/etnologia , Demência/psicologia , Feminino , Avaliação Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Testes de Inteligência , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The development of obesity is complex and multifactorial, with genetic, biological, environmental and lifestyle of each individual etiology. The different changes in metabolism of women, amongst other factors, lead to disorganization in the distribution of lipids, which gathered in large quantities within the viscera, increases cardiovascular mortality and it is a major determinant factor of the metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To homologate and to apply concepts of evidence-based clinical practice in diagnosis and treatment of obesity in women in reproductive age and climacterium. METHOD: The experts' consensus was done by specialized physicians properly endocrinologists, gynecologists, surgeons, psychologists, nutrition specialists, physical activity and public health, according to their expertise and clinical judgment. The recommendations were based in diagnostic criteria aside from the level of evidence of previously established treatment guidelines, controlled clinical trials and standardized guides for women in reproductive age and climacterium with obesity. RESULTS: The establishment of a nutritional intervention amongst other aspects of lifestyle is the first-line in the treatment of obesity. Current pharmacological treatments offer modest results in efficiency and security in weight reduction so these must go along with real changes in lifestyle in order to obtain better results in the short and long term. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of overweight and obesity in our country, especially in women in reproductive age, compels us to pose and work in prevention strategies as well as diverse therapeutic plans favoring safe weight loss and results in the long term.
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Obesidade/terapia , Sobrepeso/terapia , Redução de Peso , Consenso , Prática Clínica Baseada em Evidências , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/diagnóstico , Sobrepeso/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate if manual therapy added to a therapeutic exercise program produced greater improvements than a sham manual therapy added to same exercise program in patients with non-specific shoulder pain. This was an evaluator-blinded randomized controlled trial. Forty-five subjects were randomly allocated into one of three groups: manual therapy (glenohumeral mobilization technique and rib-cage technique); thoracic sham manual therapy (glenohumeral mobilization technique and rib-cage sham technique); or sham manual therapy (sham glenohumeral mobilization technique and rib-cage sham technique). All groups also received a therapeutic exercise program. Pain intensity, disability and pain-free active shoulder range of motion were measured post treatment and at 4-week and 12-week follow-ups. Mixed-model analyses of variance and post hoc pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni corrections were constructed for the analysis of the outcome measures. All groups reported improved pain intensity, disability and pain-free active shoulder range of motion. However, there were no between-group differences in these outcome measures. The addition of the manual therapy techniques applied in the present study to a therapeutic exercise protocol did not seem to add benefits to the management of subjects with non-specific shoulder pain.
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In Mexico and elsewhere in the Caribbean, the queen conch Strombus gigas is an endangered species. Understanding the genetic connectivity of their populations will support management strategies for long-term conservation of the species. Genetic diversity and population differentiation was assessed from samples collected at Banco Chinchorro and Isla Cozumel in the Mexican Caribbean and at Arrecife Alacranes in the Gulf of Mexico. Samples were obtained from the commercial capture at Banco Chinchorro (n = 50) and Isla Cozumel (n = 40) on March 2004. On November 2004, a non-invasive method for the Arrecife Alacranes sampling was applied, taking the hemolymph of live animals (n = 65) and releasing them to the wild. The mitochondrial DNA variation at two genes (COI and Cyt-b) was analyzed. Genetic diversity at the three locations ranged between 0.55-0.65 in COI and 0.87-0.94 in Cyt-b, showing no bottleneck evidences. A non-significant fixation index (F(ST) = 0.019, p = 0.161) and a Maximum Parsimony Network tree that did not show particular clades associated with any of the geographical locations, suggested a lack of statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations. Nevertheless, the cline patterns observed in both genetic diversity and haplotypic frequencies from Banco Chinchorro through Arrecife Alacranes, and the larger genetic distance between these locations from those between Isla Cozumel, Banco Chinchorro and Arrecife Alacranes, suggest the possibility of a pattern of isolation-by distance. The role of the main current systems over the potential genetic differences in S. gigas populations along the Mexican Caribbean, and the conservation management of S. gigas at these locations as discrete units is discussed.
Assuntos
Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Variação Genética , Caramujos/classificação , Caramujos/genética , Animais , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Geografia , Haplótipos , México , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Alzheimer's disease is characterized histologically by the accumulation of a subtype of amyloid protein-beta amyloid-in the brain parenchyma in the form of amyloid plaques. In another neurodegenerative disorder, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, the accumulation of beta amyloid occurs within the walls of the cerebral vessels. With recent advances in imaging technology, we can not only image amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma at an earlier stage of disease, but can also often correlate the presence of Alzheimer's disease with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. We present a case of suspected Alzheimer's disease and discuss the association in this patient between cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease, as well as the benefits of a unique nuclear imaging modality, amyloid positron emission tomography, in diagnosing dementia.
RESUMO
Neurodegenerative adult-onset dementias are complex and multifactorial diseases that are most commonly caused by environmental, genetic, or mixed environmental and genetic factors. Regarding the genetic causes, a variety of phenotypes may present. This article reviews several of the genetic risk factors for the most common dementias encountered in neurology. Practical implications of genetic testing and pharmacogenomic considerations for clinical practice are also discussed.
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Epidemiological studies link increased garlic (Allium sativum) consumption with a reduced incidence of cancer in various human populations. Experimental carcinogenesis studies in animal models and in cell culture systems indicate that several allium-derived compounds exhibit inhibitory effects and that the underlying mechanisms may involve apoptosis. To provide a better understanding of the effects of allium derivatives regarding prevention of cancer, we examined antitumoral activity of allicin, a major component of garlic, in L5178Y lymphoma bearing mice. For in vitro studies, we utilized cell proliferation and apoptosis in the same tumor cell line. We found that allicin inhibited the growth of tumor cells at doses two fold superior to that in normal splenocytes. Allicin also induced apoptosis, and this was associated with an increase in caspase3 activity.
Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfoma/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Sulfínicos/farmacologia , Animais , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Dissulfetos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Baço/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
En este artículo se presenta el estudio que establece la asociación de las pericias psicológicas y otros medios probatorios con las decisiones de los operadores de justicia en las Comisarías de Familia de Bogotá; para lo cual, se realizó una investigación con diseño analítico de corte transversal descriptivo con 47 mujeres víctimas de violencia de pareja que solicitaron medida de protección en el Centro de Atención Integral contra la Violencia Intrafamiliar (CAVIF). Se analizaron los fallos de las medidas de protección definitivas impuestas en 16 comisarías de familia de 13 localidades de Bogotá. Los resultados mostraron que no existe asociación entre la utilización de las pericias psicológicas, dictamen de lesiones no fatales del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses (INMLCF), informes sociales, denuncias de Fiscalía y testimonios de terceros, con las decisiones tomadas por los comisarios de familia. Solo se encontró asociación entre la aceptación de cargos, con las decisiones de aprobación de acuerdo conciliatorio y conminación a no agresión del accionado.
This study aimed to establish the association of the forensic psychological evaluation and other evidences to the decision making process by judicial operators in administrative family courts in Bogotá, through a research with a transversal descriptive cut analytical design on 47 women, victims of partner violence, who sought protective measures at the Integral Care Center against Domestic Violence (CAVIF). Analyzing the final protective measures imposed in 16 administrative family courts on Bogotá, the results showed no association between the use of forensic psychological evaluations, expert's concept of nonfatal injuries from the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences (INMLCF), social forensic report, legal complaint, witness testimony and the decisions made by the family commissioner. The only association found was between acceptance of charges and approval decisions for settlement's agreements, as well as with the party's injunction to non-aggression.
RESUMO
In Mexico and elsewhere in the Caribbean, the queen conch Strombus gigas is an endangered species. Understanding the genetic connectivity of their populations will support management strategies for long term conservation of the species. Genetic diversity and population differentiation was assessed from samples collected at Banco Chinchorro and Isla Cozumel in the Mexican Caribbean and at Arrecife Alacranes in the Gulf of Mexico. Samples were obtained from the commercial capture at Banco Chinchorro (n=50) and Isla Cozumel (n=40) on March 2004. On November 2004, a non-invasive method for the Arrecife Alacranes sampling was applied, taking the hemolymph of live animals (n=65) and releasing them to the wild. The mitochondrial DNA variation at two genes (COI and Cyt-b) was analyzed. Genetic diversity at the three locations ranged between 0.55-0.65 in COI and 0.87-0.94 in Cyt-b, showing no bottleneck evidences. A non-significant fixation index (F ST=0.019, p=0.161) and a Maximum Parsimony Network tree that did not show particular clades associated with any of the geographical locations, suggested a lack of statistically significant genetic differentiation among populations. Nevertheless, the cline patterns observed in both genetic diversity and haplotypic frequencies from Banco Chinchorro through Arrecife Alacranes, and the larger genetic distance between these locations from those between Isla Cozumel, Banco Chinchorro and Arrecife Alacranes, suggest the possibility of a pattern of isolation-by distance. The role of the main current systems over the potential genetic differences in S. gigas populations along the Mexican Caribbean, and the conservation management of S. gigas at these locations as discrete units is discussed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1115-1126. Epub 2011 September 01.
El caracol rosado Strombus gigas es una especie amenzada en México y otros sitios del Caribe. Su conservación a largo plazo requiere la comprensión de la conectividad entre sus poblaciones. En este estudio se evaluó la diversidad y diferenciación genética de muestras recolectadas en tres sitios del Caribe y Golfo de México adyacentes a la Península de Yucatán. Las muestras se obtuvieron de la captura comercial en Banco Chinchorro (n=50) e Isla Cozumel (n=40) en marzo de 2004. En noviembre de 2004 se obtuvieron muestras de Arrecife Alacranes (n=65) de animales vivos, mediante un método no invasivo diseñado para la obtención de hemolinfa; los organismos muestreados se liberaron de vuelta al medio natural. Se analizó la diversidad genética de dos genes del ADN mitocondrial (COI y Cyt-b). La diversidad genética en las tres localidades varió entre 0.55 - 0.65 en COI y 0.87 - 0.94 en Cyt-b no indicando reducción por cuello de botella. Un índice de fijación no significativamente diferente de cero (F ST=0.019, p=0.161) y un árbol en Red de Máxima Parsimonia que no mostró clados particulares asociados con localidades específicas, sugiere que no hay diferencias genéticas significativas entre sitios. Sin embargo, los patrones clinales observados en la diversidad genética y en las frecuencias haplotípicas, así como la mayor distancia genética registrada entre las localidades más alejadas (Banco Chinchorro y Arrecife Alacranes) sugiere un posible un patrón de aislamiento por distancia. Se discute el papel de los sistemas de corrientes principales del Caribe mexicano sobre la posible diferenciación genética de S. gigas. Asimismo, se discute el manejo de las localidades estudiadas como unidades discretas.
Assuntos
Animais , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Variação Genética , Caramujos/classificação , Caramujos/genética , DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Geografia , Haplótipos , México , Dinâmica PopulacionalRESUMO
Em 356 soros HBsAg positivos de portadores assintomáticos, titulados por hemaglutinaçäo passiva reversa, foi analisada a presença de HBV-DNA, HBeAg e IgM anti-HBc, da seguinte forma: as amostras foram divididas em três classes de acordo com o título de HBsAg e IgM anti-HBc e foi verificada a distribuiçäo de HBV-DNA e HBsAg nestas classes. Em amostras com títulos elevados de HBsAg, 65% das amostras tiveram um ou ambos os marcadors HBV-DNA e HBsAg e as mesmas foram encontradas em apenas 19% das amostras com baixo título de HBsAg. Do total de 356 amostras, 121 foram positivas par aIgM anti-HBc (33.9%). Destas, 38.9% de HBV-DNA e 47.9% de HBeAG foram observadas, ao passo que em amostras com ausência de IGM anti-HBc, 18.3% e 16.6% foram respectivamente encontrados. A concordância entre os três marcadores foi encontrada em amostras com alto título de HBsAg, entretanto HBV-DNA foi também detectado em grupo de baixo título de HBsAg na ausência de IgM anti-HBc ou em níveis baixos, mostrando o potencial de infectividade mesmo em amostras de HBsAg com valores próximos ao limite da positividade
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antígenos de Superfície da Hepatite B/análise , Portador Sadio/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite B/análise , Hepatite B/imunologia , Imunoglobulina M/análise , Marcadores de Afinidade , Testes de Hemaglutinação/métodosRESUMO
La Universidad en la actualidad va en proceso de transformación rápida con el objetivo de adaptación a los nuevos cambios políticos, sociales y tecnológicos, persiguiéndo la construcción del conocimiento. La propuesta de los CATs en nuestro medio supone una oportunidad única para un futuro inmediato del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en las Universidades bolivianas, donde la docencia ha sido tradicionalmente magistral, una comunicación unidireccional de un maestro hacia sus estudiantes. Este cambio no es solo una decisión política, sino que describe una forma radicalmente diferente de entender el proceso de aprendizaje. Socialmente la Universidad también está evolucionando. El perfil del cuerpo estudiantil también va cambiando y evolucionando, siendo ahora mucho más heterogéneo, complejo y con desafíos, además de tener objetivos, criterios, expectativas diferentes de lo que es la formación universitaria dirigida a la excelencia. Por último, los avances tecnológicos, en un mundo cada vez más polarizado y globalizado donde el manejo de Internet, recursos informáticos y pedagógicos hacen que la comunicación con el estudiante puedan ser mucho más efectivos y acordes con nuestra realidad actual, influenciada a la vez por una lluvia mediática de impactos sociales generados de cambios para la mejora y calidad del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje.
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Aprendizagem , Ensino , Tecnologia , UniversidadesRESUMO
La Universidad en la actualidad va en proceso de transformación rápida con el objetivo de adaptación a los nuevos cambios políticos, sociales y tecnológicos, persiguiéndo la construcción del conocimiento. La propuesta de los CATs en nuestro medio supone una oportunidad única para un futuro inmediato del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje en las Universidades bolivianas, donde la docencia ha sido tradicionalmente magistral, una comunicación unidireccional de un maestro hacia sus estudiantes. Este cambio no es solo una decisión política, sino que describe una forma radicalmente diferente de entender el proceso de aprendizaje. Socialmente la Universidad también está evolucionando. El perfil del cuerpo estudiantil también va cambiando y evolucionando, siendo ahora mucho más heterogéneo, complejo y con desafíos, además de tener objetivos, criterios, expectativas diferentes de lo que es la formación universitaria dirigida a la excelencia. Por último, los avances tecnológicos, en un mundo cada vez más polarizado y globalizado donde el manejo de Internet, recursos informáticos y pedagógicos hacen que la comunicación con el estudiante puedan ser mucho más efectivos y acordes con nuestra realidad actual, influenciada a la vez por una lluvia mediática de impactos sociales generados de cambios para la mejora y calidad del proceso de enseñanza- aprendizaje.