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1.
Heart Rhythm O2 ; 5(6): 403-416, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38984358

RESUMO

Proactive esophageal cooling for the purpose of reducing the likelihood of ablation-related esophageal injury resulting from radiofrequency (RF) cardiac ablation procedures is increasingly being used and has been Food and Drug Administration cleared as a protective strategy during left atrial RF ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. In this review, we examine the evidence supporting the use of proactive esophageal cooling and the potential mechanisms of action that reduce the likelihood of atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) formation. Although the pathophysiology behind AEF formation after thermal injury from RF ablation is not well studied, a robust literature on fistula formation in other conditions (eg, Crohn disease, cancer, and trauma) exists and the relationship to AEF formation is investigated in this review. Likewise, we examine the abundant data in the surgical literature on burn and thermal injury progression as well as the acute and chronic mitigating effects of cooling. We discuss the relationship of these data and maladaptive healing mechanisms to the well-recognized postablation pathophysiological effects after RF ablation. Finally, we review additional important considerations such as patient selection, clinical workflow, and implementation strategies for proactive esophageal cooling.

2.
JACC Clin Electrophysiol ; 9(12): 2558-2570, 2023 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37737773

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Active esophageal cooling reduces the incidence of endoscopically identified severe esophageal lesions during radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of the left atrium for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. A formal analysis of the atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) rate with active esophageal cooling has not previously been performed. OBJECTIVES: The authors aimed to compare AEF rates before and after the adoption of active esophageal cooling. METHODS: This institutional review board (IRB)-approved study was a prospective analysis of retrospective data, designed before collecting and analyzing the real-world data. The number of AEFs occurring in equivalent time frames before and after adoption of cooling using a dedicated esophageal cooling device (ensoETM, Attune Medical) were quantified across 25 prespecified hospital systems. AEF rates were then compared using generalized estimating equations robust to cluster correlation. RESULTS: A total of 14,224 patients received active esophageal cooling during RF ablation across the 25 hospital systems, which included a total of 30 separate hospitals. In the time frames before adoption of active cooling, a total of 10,962 patients received primarily luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring during their RF ablations. In the preadoption cohort, a total of 16 AEFs occurred, for an AEF rate of 0.146%, in line with other published estimates for procedures using LET monitoring. In the postadoption cohort, no AEFs were found in the prespecified sites, yielding an AEF rate of 0% (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of active esophageal cooling during RF ablation of the left atrium for the treatment of atrial fibrillation was associated with a significant reduction in AEF rate.


Assuntos
Fibrilação Atrial , Ablação por Cateter , Fístula Esofágica , Humanos , Fibrilação Atrial/cirurgia , Fibrilação Atrial/complicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fístula Esofágica/epidemiologia , Fístula Esofágica/etiologia , Ablação por Cateter/métodos
3.
Cardiol Clin ; 33(1): 89-98, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25439333

RESUMO

Significant advances have been made in the endovascular treatment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. Since the 2011 update, technologies has developed and allowed for the revascularization of complex vascular lesions. Although this technical success is encouraging, these technologies must provide measurable long-term clinical success at a reasonable cost. Large, randomized, controlled trials need to be designed to focus on clinical outcomes and success rates for treatment. These future studies will serve as the guide by which clinicians can provide the most successful clinical and cost effect care in treating patients with lower-extremity peripheral artery disease.


Assuntos
Arteriopatias Oclusivas/terapia , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/diagnóstico , Arteriopatias Oclusivas/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos
4.
J Org Chem ; 70(6): 2091-6, 2005 Mar 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15760192

RESUMO

[reaction: see text] Three one-pot methods for the conversion of aldehydes to homoallyl ethers catalyzed by Bi(OTf)(3).xH(2)O (1 < x < 4) have been developed. The one-pot synthesis of homoallyl ethers can be achieved either by in situ generation of the acetal followed by its reaction with allyltrialkylsilane or by a three-component synthesis in which the aldehyde, trimethylorthoformate or an alkoxytrimethylsilane and allyltrimethylsilane are mixed together in the presence of bismuth triflate (0.1-1.0 mol %). In addition, a three-component synthesis of homoallyl acetates, which is achieved by reacting the aldehyde, acetic anhydride, and allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of bismuth triflate (3.0-5.0 mol %), has been developed. The use of a relatively nontoxic, easy to handle, and inexpensive catalyst adds to the versatility of these methods.


Assuntos
Acetatos/síntese química , Aldeídos/química , Compostos Alílicos/química , Ésteres/síntese química , Mesilatos/química , Compostos Organometálicos/química , Aldeídos/síntese química , Compostos Alílicos/síntese química , Catálise , Conformação Molecular
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