RESUMO
Platinum drugs as anti-cancer therapeutics are held in extremely high regard. Despite their success, there are drawbacks associated with their use; their dose-limiting toxicity, their limited activity against an array of common cancers and patient resistance to Pt-based therapeutic regimes. Current investigations in medicinal inorganic chemistry strive to offset these shortcomings through selective targeting of Pt drugs and/or the development of Pt drugs with new or multiple modes of action. A comprehensive overview showcasing how liposomes, nanocapsules, polymers, dendrimers, nanoparticles and nanotubes may be employed as vehicles to selectively deliver cytotoxic Pt payloads to tumour cells is provided.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Nanotecnologia/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Platina/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/química , Humanos , Platina/químicaRESUMO
The successful design and synthesis of a novel Pt complex of the histone deacteylase inhibitor belinostat are reported. Molecular modelling assisted in the identification of a suitable malonate derivative of belinostat (mal-p-Bel) for complexation to platinum. Reaction of [Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2](NO3)2 with the disodium salt of mal-p-Bel gave cis-[Pt(NH3)2(mal-p-Bel-2H)] (where -2H indicates that mal-p-Bel is doubly deprotonated) in excellent yield. An in vitro cytotoxicity study revealed that cis-[Pt(NH3)2(mal-p-Bel-2H)] possesses (i) considerable cytotoxicity against reported ovarian cancer cell lines, (ii) enhanced cytotoxicity relative to the previously reported Pt histone deacetylase inhibitor conjugate, cis-[Pt(II)(NH3)2(malSAHA-2H)] and (iii) favourable cyto-selective properties as compared to cisplatin and belinostat.
Assuntos
Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Citotoxinas , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos , Compostos de Platina , Sulfonamidas , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Citotoxinas/síntese química , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/farmacologia , Feminino , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/síntese química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/química , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases/farmacologia , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/síntese química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Compostos de Platina/síntese química , Compostos de Platina/química , Compostos de Platina/farmacologia , Sulfonamidas/síntese química , Sulfonamidas/química , Sulfonamidas/farmacologiaRESUMO
Historically, DNA has been the target for many metal-based anti-cancer drugs, but drawbacks of prevailing therapies have stimulated the search for new molecular targets which may present unique opportunities for therapeutic exploitation. Enzyme inhibition has recently been identified as an alternative and significant target. The pursuit of novel metallodrug candidates that selectively target enzymes is now the subject of intense investigation in medicinal bioinorganic chemistry and chemical biology. In the field of drug design, it is recognised by many that exploiting the structural and chemical diversity of metal ions for the identification of potential hit and lead candidates can dramatically increase the number of possible drug candidates that may be added to the already abundant armoury of chemotherapeutic agents. This review will focus on recent key advancements in enzyme inhibition as a key target for the development of novel metal-based anti-cancer therapeutics. The enormous clinical success of classical platinum drugs, amongst others, coupled with the wealth of knowledge accumulated in recent years on enzyme structure and function, has undoubtedly been the impetus behind the development of new metallodrug candidates with enzyme inhibitory properties. Recent trends in this field will be reviewed with a particular emphasis on metal complexes that inhibit protein and lipid kinases, matrix metalloproteases, telomerases, topoisomerases, glutathione-S-transferases, and histone deacetylases.