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1.
Can Vet J ; 59(10): 1071-1074, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30510310

RESUMO

A 15-month-old Angus heifer was presented for anorexia and abdominal discomfort. Transabdominal ultrasound was suggestive of a ceco-cecal intussusception. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis and a cecectomy was performed. The heifer recovered well and continued to gain weight after discharge. This is the first report of a heifer with ceco-cecal intussusception in North America.


Correction chirurgicale réussie d'une intussusception caeco-cæcale chez une génisse de race Angus âgée de 15 mois. Une génisse de race Angus âgée de 15 mois est présentée pour une anorexie et des signes d'inconfort abdominal. Une échographie transabdominale révèle la présence d'une intussusception caeco-caecale. Le diagnostic est confirmé par laparotomie exploratrice et une typhlectomie est réalisée. La génisse a bien récupéré après l'opération et a continué à prendre du poids après sa sortie de l'hôpital. Ceci est le premier rapport de cas d'une génisse atteinte d'une intussusception caeco-caecale en Amérique du Nord.(Traduit par Dr Thibaud Kuca).


Assuntos
Anastomose Cirúrgica/veterinária , Doenças dos Bovinos/cirurgia , Doenças do Ceco/veterinária , Intussuscepção/veterinária , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Ceco/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças do Ceco/cirurgia , Feminino , Intussuscepção/diagnóstico por imagem , Intussuscepção/cirurgia , Laparotomia/veterinária , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia/veterinária
2.
BMC Vet Res ; 11: 29, 2015 Feb 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25880998

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Vaccination of young calves against Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is desirable in dairy and beef operations to reduce clinical disease and prevent spread of the virus among cattle. Although protection from clinical disease by multivalent, modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines has been demonstrated, the ability of MLV vaccines to prevent viremia and viral shedding in young calves possessing passive immunity is not known. The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of three different MLV vaccines to prevent clinical disease, viremia, and virus shedding in early weaned beef calves possessing maternal immunity that were vaccinated once at 45 days prior to challenge with virulent BVDV 2. RESULTS: At 45 days following vaccination, calves that received vaccines B and C had significantly higher BVDV 1 and BVDV 2 serum antibody titers compared with control calves. Serum antibody titers for BVDV 1 and BVDV 2 were not significantly different between control calves and calves that received vaccine D. Following BVDV 2 challenge, a higher proportion of control calves and calves that received vaccine D presented viremia and shed virus compared with calves that received vaccines B and C. Rectal temperatures and clinical scores were not significantly different between groups at any time period. Calves that received vaccines B and C had significantly higher mean body weights at BVDV 2 challenge and at the end of the study compared with control calves. CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to low maternally-derived BVDV antibody levels protected all calves against severe clinical disease after challenge with virulent BVDV 2. Vaccines B and C induced a greater antibody response to BVDV 1 and BVDV 2, and resulted in reduced viremia and virus shedding in vaccinated calves after challenge indicating a greater efficacy in preventing virus transmission and reducing negative effects of viremia.


Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/prevenção & controle , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 2/patogenicidade , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/sangue , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Bovinos , Virulência
3.
Vet Res ; 45: 38, 2014 Apr 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24708266

RESUMO

Infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) of the genus pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, are not limited to cattle but occur in various artiodactyls. Persistently infected (PI) cattle are the main source of BVDV. Persistent infections also occur in heterologous hosts such as sheep and deer. BVDV infections of goats commonly result in reproductive disease, but viable PI goats are rare. Using 2 BVDV isolates, previously demonstrated to cause PI cattle and white-tailed deer, this study evaluated the outcome of experimental infection of pregnant goats. Pregnant goats (5 goats/group) were intranasally inoculated with BVDV 1b AU526 (group 1) or BVDV 2 PA131 (group 2) at approximately 25-35 days of gestation. The outcome of infection varied considerably between groups. In group 1, only 3 does became viremic, and 1 doe gave birth to a stillborn fetus and a viable PI kid, which appeared healthy and shed BVDV continuously. In group 2, all does became viremic, 4/5 does aborted, and 1 doe gave birth to a non-viable PI kid. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated BVDV antigen in tissues of evaluated fetuses, with similar distribution but reduced intensity as compared to cattle. The genetic sequence of inoculated viruses was compared to those from PI kids and their dam. Most nucleotide changes in group 1 were present during the dam's acute infection. In group 2, a similar number of mutations resulted from fetal infection as from maternal acute infection. Results demonstrated that BVDV may cause reproductive disease but may also be maintained in goats.


Assuntos
Aborto Animal/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/fisiologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 2/fisiologia , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/veterinária , Feto Abortado/virologia , Animais , Antígenos Virais/metabolismo , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/genética , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 2/genética , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Feminino , Idade Gestacional , Cabras , Imuno-Histoquímica/veterinária , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Pestivirus/complicações , Infecções por Pestivirus/virologia , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterinária , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Viremia/veterinária , Viremia/virologia
4.
Vet Sci ; 11(6)2024 Jun 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38922005

RESUMO

Assistance during calving and cesarean section (C-section) are important risk factors for the failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in beef calves, which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in beef calves during the preweaning period. Colostrum replacement recommendations for beef calves, and especially for those delivered by C-section, are unavailable. The objective of this study was to determine whether or not colostrum replacement or supplementation with a commercially available product could increase serum IgG concentrations in beef calves delivered by elective C-section, compared to beef calves that nursed colostrum naturally. An elective C-section was performed in 32 pregnant beef cows and first-calf heifers. Immediately after delivery, newborn calves were randomly assigned to one of three different treatment groups. Group A calves (n = 7) were fed one packet of a commercial colostrum replacer (CR) product providing 60 g of IgG within 30 min of life. A second packet of the same CR was fed at 6 h of life. Group B calves (n = 13) were fed the same CR at the same frequency as group A; however, these calves were reunited with their dams after the second CR feeding to allow additional nursing of maternal colostrum. Group C calves (n = 12) were united with their dams immediately after surgery without colostrum intervention. Serum IgG levels at 48 h of life were greater in group C calves and in calves born to multiparous cows. Based on the results of this study, neither colostrum replacement nor supplementation result in higher serum IgG concentrations in beef calves delivered by elective C-section compared with natural nursing.

5.
J Vet Intern Med ; 38(2): 1232-1239, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38407387

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic blood contamination during cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) centesis is common, which can limit the diagnostic usefulness of the sample. A novel ultrasound-guided CSF collection technique is described in horses, by which CSF is obtained from the atlantoaxial (AA) space. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To compare ultrasound-guided AA centesis with lumbosacral (LS) centesis in South American camelids (SAC). The hypotheses were that AA centesis would yield samples with less blood contamination although being technically more challenging than LS centesis. ANIMALS: Eight clinically healthy adult SAC from a university-owned teaching herd. METHODS: Single-blinded, randomized, 4-way, 4-period crossover study in which 2 veterinarians each performed both centesis techniques on each animal once. Cytological sample analysis was performed, and the technical difficulty of sample acquisition was assessed. RESULTS: The CSF was collected successfully and without complications by either technique during all collection attempts. Aspects of technical difficulty and concentrations of CSF analytes did not vary significantly between techniques. Median total nucleated cell and red blood cell counts were 1/µL and 0.5/µL and 167.5/µL and 155/µL for AA and LS techniques, respectively. The median total protein concentration was 32.9 mg/dL and 38 mg/dL for AA and LS centeses. A median of 1 attempt was necessary for both centesis techniques and the median number of needle repositioning events was 1 for AA and 0 for LS. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Depending on clinical circumstances, ultrasound-guided AA centesis appears to be an acceptable alternative to other techniques for collection of CSF from SAC.


Assuntos
Líquido Cefalorraquidiano , Paracentese , Humanos , Cavalos , Animais , Paracentese/veterinária , Estudos Cross-Over , Ultrassonografia , Contagem de Eritrócitos/veterinária , América do Sul
6.
J Vet Intern Med ; 38(3): 1917-1924, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38613440

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Down cow syndrome is commonly described in dairy cattle. The diagnosis and treatment of nonambulatory cattle is challenging and prognostic indicators of this condition in beef cattle have not been determined. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate records of beef cattle (≥2 years of age) presented to 2 referral hospitals for inability to stand and identify prognostic indicators for survival to discharge. ANIMALS: Sixty-three adult beef cattle treated for inability to stand at 2 referral hospitals. METHODS: Medical records of 63 beef cattle presented for inability to stand between January 2010 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Continuous and categorical variables were included in univariate and multivariate regression models to evaluate their association with outcome. RESULTS: Of 63 animals included in the study, 19% (12/63) were discharged, and the remaining 81% (n = 51) either died (11.1%) or were euthanized (69.8%). The odds of being discharged increased with each additional day of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR], 2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-6.89) and with each additional flotation therapy session (OR, 2.108; 95% CI, 1.209-4.219). Down beef cattle with a diagnosis of calving peripheral nerve paralysis and capable of walking out the tank after the first flotation session were 6.66 (95% CI, 1.58-35.51) and 30 (95% CI, 4.4-614.98) times more likely to be discharged compared with cattle that had other diagnoses and those that were unable to walk out the tank, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Treatment of nonambulatory beef cattle carries a poor prognosis. Practitioners can use information from our study as a guide for treatment or euthanasia decisions of nonambulatory beef cattle.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Animais , Bovinos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doenças dos Bovinos/terapia , Feminino , Prognóstico , Masculino , Hospitais Veterinários
7.
Am J Vet Res ; 85(5)2024 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38422620

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of primary or booster intranasal vaccination of beef steers on clinical protection and pathogen detection following simultaneous challenge with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine herpes virus 1. METHODS: 30 beef steers were randomly allocated to 3 different treatment groups starting at 2 months of age. Group A (n = 10) was administered a single dose of a parenteral modified-live vaccine and was moved to a separate pasture. Groups B (n = 10) and C (10) remained unvaccinated. At 6 months of age, all steers were weaned and transported. Subsequently, groups A and B received a single dose of an intranasal modified-live vaccine vaccine while group C remained unvaccinated. Group C was housed separately until challenge. Two days following vaccination, all steers were challenged with bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine herpes virus 1 and housed in a single pen. Clinical and antibody response outcomes and the presence of nasal pathogens were evaluated. RESULTS: The odds of clinical disease were lower in group A compared with group C on day 7 postchallenge; however, antibody responses and pathogen detection were not significantly different between groups before and following viral challenge. All calves remained negative for Histophilus somni and Mycoplasma bovis; however, significantly greater loads of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were detected on day 7 postchallenge compared with day -2 prechallenge. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Intranasal booster vaccination of beef steers at 6 months of age reduced clinical disease early after viral challenge. Weaning, transport, and viral infection promoted increased detection rates of M haemolytica and P multocida regardless of vaccination status.


Assuntos
Administração Intranasal , Coinfecção , Herpesvirus Bovino 1 , Imunização Secundária , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino , Animais , Bovinos , Herpesvirus Bovino 1/imunologia , Masculino , Administração Intranasal/veterinária , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino/imunologia , Imunização Secundária/veterinária , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/prevenção & controle , Coinfecção/microbiologia , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/prevenção & controle , Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Derrame de Bactérias , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Herpesviridae/prevenção & controle , Distribuição Aleatória , Vacinação/veterinária
8.
J Wildl Dis ; 60(3): 647-659, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38752344

RESUMO

Wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are among the most detrimental invasive species in the USA. They are damaging to crops and agriculture, pose a public health risk as reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens, and may also spread disease to livestock. One pathogen identified in wild pigs is bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a virus that causes an economically important disease of cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). We sought to determine the BVDV seroprevalence in wild pigs in 17 states across the US and to determine whether age category, sex, or location were associated with a positive antibody titer. Serum samples from 945 wild pigs were collected from 17 US states. Virus neutralization assays were performed to determine antibody titers against BVDV-1b and BVDV-2a. Total BVDV seroprevalence for the study area was 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.11-8.89). Seroprevalence across all evaluated states was determined to be 4.4% (95% CI, 2.48-6.82) for BVDV-1b and 3.6% (95% CI, 1.54-5.60) for BVDV-2a. The seroprevalence for individual states varied from 0% to 16.7%. There was no statistical difference in median antibody titer for BVDV-1b or BVDV-2a by sex or age category. State seroprevalences for both BVDV-1b and BVDV-2a were associated with wild pig population estimates for those states.


Assuntos
Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Infecções por Pestivirus , Sus scrofa , Doenças dos Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/fisiologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Pestivirus/veterinária , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Densidade Demográfica , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Masculino , Feminino , Animais , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 1/fisiologia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina Tipo 2/fisiologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
9.
Can Vet J ; 54(1): 61-4, 2013 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23814303

RESUMO

Two adult llamas (Lama glama) previously exposed to oak trees (Quercus spp.) were presented with a history of depression and anorexia. Clinicopathological abnormalities included severe gastroenteritis, acute renal failure, and increased liver enzymes. This is believed to be the first report of oak toxicosis in South American camelids.


Insuffisance rénale aiguë chez deux lamas adultes après l'exposition à des chênes (Quercusspp.). Deux lamas adultes (Lama glama) antérieurement exposés aux chênes (Quercus spp.) ont été présentés avec une anamnèse de dépression et d'anorexie. Les anomalies clinicopathologiques incluaient une gastroentérite grave, une insuffisance rénale aiguë et une hausse des enzymes hépatiques. On croit qu'il s'agit du premier rapport sur la toxicose du chêne chez des camélidés d'Amérique du Sud.(Traduit par Isabelle Vallières).


Assuntos
Injúria Renal Aguda/veterinária , Camelídeos Americanos , Intoxicação por Plantas/veterinária , Quercus/intoxicação , Injúria Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Animais , Evolução Fatal , Masculino , Intoxicação por Plantas/complicações , Intoxicação por Plantas/diagnóstico
10.
J Vet Intern Med ; 37(3): 1271-1277, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37084183

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: There exists a scarcity of information on risk factors associated with case outcomes in goats diagnosed with encephalitic listeriosis. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate risk factors associated with outcomes in 36 cases of suspected encephalitic listeriosis in goats presented to a referral hospital. ANIMALS: Thirty-six goats (26 does, 7 bucks, and 3 wethers) were presented to Auburn University Large Animal Teaching Hospital between 2008 and 2021 for treatment of neurologic disease diagnosed as encephalitic listeriosis based on any combination of clinical signs, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis, or postmortem examination. METHODS: Retrospective study. Data were analyzed as binary and under a proportional odds model. The medical records were searched for presumptive encephalitic listeriosis in goats between 2008 and 2021. Data collected included signalment (sex, age, and breed), history, clinical signs, temperature, and ability to stand at presentation. Final diagnosis, CSF results, all treatments, outcomes, and results of necropsy were also collected for analysis. RESULTS: Male goats were 14 (95% CI: 1.98-166.0) times more likely to be a non-survivor compared to females despite being presented with similar history, clinical signs, and treatments. Animals presented with circling or a history of circling were 6.24 (95% CI: 1.40-23.21) times more likely to be a survivor than a non-survivor. Other risk factors evaluated were not significantly associated with outcomes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Few risk factors were associated with outcomes. Duration of clinical signs, antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory choices, or CSF results were not associated with outcome. Only sex and history or presence of circling were associated with case outcomes.


Assuntos
Encefalite , Doenças das Cabras , Listeria monocytogenes , Listeriose , Feminino , Masculino , Animais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Cabras , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/diagnóstico , Listeriose/epidemiologia , Listeriose/veterinária , Encefalite/veterinária , Fatores de Risco
11.
Case Rep Vet Med ; 2023: 2429241, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36844800

RESUMO

Objective: To document a case of limbal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in an adult Black Baldy cow treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive therapy following surgical excision. Animals Studied. One privately owned 8-year-old female, entire, Black Baldy cow. Procedures. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed on an adult Black Baldy cow for assessment of a mass affecting the left eye. Following a routine partial incision superficial lamellar keratectomy and conjunctivectomy under local analgesia using a Peterson retrobulbar block, photodynamic therapy was performed as an adjunctive treatment to lower the chance for recurrence and improve the prognosis for the globe. Results: Histopathologic analysis of the limbal mass was reported to be consistent with a squamous cell carcinoma, removed with clean margins. The patient was comfortable and visual with no signs of tumor recurrence 11 months after surgery. Conclusion: Superficial lamellar keratectomy and conjunctivectomy with adjunctive photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for limbal squamous cell carcinoma and may be performed as an alternative to enucleation, exenteration, euthanasia, or slaughtering in cattle.

12.
J Zoo Wildl Med ; 43(3): 629-31, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23082530

RESUMO

A 1-day-old male giraffe calf (Giraffa camelopardalis) was submitted for necropsy examination after sustaining postnatal head trauma from the cow. In addition to the expected findings of severe cerebral edema and epidural and subarachnoid hemorrhage, there also was present an incidental finding of a subependymal glioneuronal aqueductal hamartoma. Reports of this type of congenital lesion are rare in the human literature, and the lesion has not, to the authors' knowledge, previously been reported in this or any other veterinary species.


Assuntos
Antílopes , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioma Subependimal/veterinária , Hamartoma/veterinária , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/patologia , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/veterinária , Evolução Fatal , Glioma Subependimal/classificação , Glioma Subependimal/patologia , Hamartoma/classificação , Hamartoma/patologia , Masculino , Mesencéfalo/patologia
13.
Front Vet Sci ; 9: 906636, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35782561

RESUMO

Producers and veterinarians commonly use vaccination as the main strategy to reduce the incidence of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in calves; however, supportive evidence of BRSV vaccination efficacy has been inconsistent in the literature. The objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate data from controlled studies on the efficacy of commercially available BRSV vaccines on reducing calf morbidity and mortality after experimental infection with BRSV. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in BRSV experimental challenge studies that reported the efficacy of commercially available modified-live virus (MLV) and inactivated BRSV vaccines on protection against calf morbidity and mortality. The studies included in the analysis were randomized, controlled, clinical trials with clear definitions of calf morbidity and mortality. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals and forest plots were generated. Fourteen studies including 29 trials were selected for the analysis. Commercially available MLV BRSV vaccines reduced the risk of calf mortality after experimental infection with BRSV. Modified-live virus vaccines reduced the risk of morbidity in calves with absence of serum maternal antibodies at initial vaccination, but failed to demonstrate significant morbidity reduction when calves were vaccinated in the face of maternal immunity. Results from experimental challenge studies do not always represent the conditions of natural infection and caution should be used when making vaccine recommendations.

14.
Front Med (Lausanne) ; 9: 847620, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35492309

RESUMO

The interdiction of restricted and hazardous biological agents presents challenges for any detection method due to the inherent complexity of sample type and accessibility. Detection capabilities for this category of agents are limited and restricted in their mobility, adaptability and efficiency. The potential for identifying biological agents through a volatile organic compound (VOC) signature presents an opportunity to use detection dogs in a real-time mobile capacity for surveillance and screening strategies. However, the safe handling and access to the materials needed for training detection dogs on restricted or hazardous biological agents prevents its broader application in this field. This study evaluated the use of a polymer-based training aid in a viral detection model using bovine viral diarrhea virus mimicking biosafety level 3+ agent conditions. After the biological agent-based odor was absorbed into the polymer, the aid was rendered safe for handling through a rigorous sterilization process. The viral culture-based training aid was then used to train a cohort of detection dogs (n = 6) to discriminate agent-based target odor in culture from relevant distractor odors including non-target biological agent-based odors. Following culture-based training, dogs were tested for generalization to aids with infected animal sample-based odors across five sample types (fecal, blood, nasal, saliva, and urine). Within the context of the polymer-based training aid system, dogs were successfully trained to detect and discriminate a representative biological viral agent-based odor from distractor odors with a 97.22% (±2.78) sensitivity and 97.11% (±1.94) specificity. Generalization from the agent-based odor to sample-based odors ranged from 65.40% (±8.98) to 91.90 % (±6.15) sensitivity and 88.61% (±1.46) to 96.00% (±0.89) specificity across the sample types. The restrictive nature for mimicking the access and handling of a BSL 3+ agent presented challenges that required a strict study design uncommon to standard detection dog training and odor presentation. This study demonstrates the need to further evaluate the utility and challenges of training detection dogs to alert to biological samples using safe and manageable training aids.

15.
Theriogenology ; 185: 134-139, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35398652

RESUMO

Studies suggest that high cortisol resulting from lameness-associated pain decreases testosterone and disrupts spermatogenesis leading to decreased fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lameness on cortisol and testosterone concentrations and breeding soundness examination of beef bulls presented to a veterinary teaching hospital. Bulls, two-years of age or older, that presented for lameness, foot trim, and/or breeding soundness examination were enrolled. Blood samples were collected for cortisol and testosterone evaluation. A complete breeding soundness examination (BSE) was performed in all bulls. Subsequently, a complete lameness examination was performed, and limb/foot lesions recorded. A blinded evaluator used a lameness score of 1-5 to classify each bull as lame (>1) or not-lame (1). A total of 60 bulls were enrolled (34 with a satisfactory BSE and 26 with an unsatisfactory BSE result). Cortisol and testosterone were not different between the unsatisfactory and satisfactory groups (P = 0.26 and 0.32, respectively). The most common limb/foot lesions found in the unsatisfactory and satisfactory groups were laminitis-related (61.50% and 41.20%, respectively). There was no difference in the proportion of lame and not-lame bulls in the unsatisfactory and satisfactory groups (P = 0.17). The odds of a satisfactory BSE result were 4.40 times higher in not-lame bulls when compared with lame bulls. Therefore, lameness is associated with an unsatisfactory BSE result in beef breeding bulls.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Coxeadura Animal , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Hospitais Veterinários , Hospitais de Ensino , Hidrocortisona , Coxeadura Animal/diagnóstico , Masculino , Escroto , Testosterona
16.
Am J Vet Res ; 83(11): 1-9, 2022 Oct 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36173761

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To compare initial titers, duration, and residual clinical protection of passively transferred bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) nasal immunoglobulin (Ig) G-1 and IgA, and serum neutralizing (SN) antibodies. ANIMALS: 40 three-month-old beef steers born either to unvaccinated or vaccinated cows. PROCEDURES: During the last trimester of gestation, cows were assigned randomly to either vaccinated or unvaccinated groups. Calves were grouped on the basis of whether they nursed colostrum from unvaccinated dams (NO-VACC group; n = 20) versus dams vaccinated with 2 doses of an inactivated BRSV vaccine (VACC group; n = 20). At 3 months of age, calves were challenged with BRSV. Respiratory signs were scored. Nasal BRSV IgG-1 and IgA and SN antibodies were compared before and after the challenge. The presence of BRSV in nasal secretions was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR assays. RESULTS: Respiratory scores after BRSV challenge were similar between treatment groups. Nasal BRSV IgG-1 and SN antibodies were significantly greater in VACC calves at 48 hours of life; however, by 3 months of age, titers had decayed in both groups. Nasal BRSV IgA titers were minimal after colostrum intake and before the BRSV challenge, and increased in both groups after the challenge. The NO-VACC group had a significantly greater probability of shedding BRSV compared with VACC calves. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: At 3 months of age, titers of passively transferred BRSV antibodies in VACC and NO-VACC calves had decayed to nonprotective levels. Calves born to vaccinated dams had a decreased probability of BRSV shedding; however, this was not related to differences in SN or nasal BRSV antibody titers.


Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial , Vírus Sincicial Respiratório Bovino , Gravidez , Feminino , Bovinos , Animais , Colostro , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Antivirais , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina A , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/prevenção & controle , Infecções por Vírus Respiratório Sincicial/veterinária
17.
Vet Sci ; 10(1)2022 Dec 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36669022

RESUMO

Maternal antibodies interfere with BRSV vaccine responses and efficacy in young calves. The objective of this study was to determine if vaccination before the complete absorption of colostral antibodies results in adequate immune priming and clinical protection of beef calves. Within 6 h of life, calves were randomly assigned to 2 different treatment groups. Group Vacc (n = 25) received a single dose of a modified-live virus (MLV) BRSV vaccine intranasally (IN) and group Control (n = 25) received 2 mL of 0.9% saline IN. At approximately 3 months of age, all calves were experimentally challenged with BRSV. Serum and nasal secretion samples were collected before and after challenge for BRSV real-time RT-PCR and antibody testing. Respiratory signs were not observed before challenge. After challenge, respiratory scores were similar between groups. On the challenge day, >40% of calves in each group were febrile. The mean serum and nasal BRSV-specific antibody titers indicated natural BRSV exposure before the experimental challenge in both groups. All calves tested positive for BRSV and had a similar duration of shedding after challenge. Based on these results, vaccination at birth does not offer advantages for immune priming or clinical protection for beef calves in BRSV-endemic cow-calf herds.

18.
J Huntingtons Dis ; 11(4): 391-406, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36189602

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative autosomal dominant disorder with prevalence of 1 : 20000 that has no effective treatment to date. Translatability of candidate therapeutics could be enhanced by additional testing in large animal models because of similarities in brain anatomy, size, and immunophysiology. These features enable realistic pre-clinical studies of biodistribution, efficacy, and toxicity. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Here we non-invasively characterized alterations in brain white matter microstructure, neurochemistry, neurological status, and mutant Huntingtin protein (mHTT) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aged OVT73 HD sheep. RESULTS: Similar to HD patients, CSF mHTT differentiates HD from normal sheep. Our results are indicative of a decline in neurological status, and alterations in brain white matter diffusion and spectroscopy metric that are more severe in aged female HD sheep. Longitudinal analysis of aged female HD sheep suggests that the decline is detectable over the course of a year. In line with reports of HD human studies, white matter alterations in corpus callosum correlates with a decline in gait of HD sheep. Moreover, alterations in the occipital cortex white matter correlates with a decline in clinical rating score. In addition, the marker of energy metabolism in striatum of aged HD sheep, shows a correlation with decline of clinical rating score and eye coordination. CONCLUSION: This data suggests that OVT73 HD sheep can serve as a pre-manifest large animal model of HD providing a platform for pre-clinical testing of HD therapeutics and non-invasive tracking of the efficacy of the therapy.


Assuntos
Doença de Huntington , Substância Branca , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Ovinos , Idoso , Doença de Huntington/metabolismo , Distribuição Tecidual , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Substância Branca/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Proteínas Mutantes/metabolismo
19.
J Vet Intern Med ; 34(5): 1690-1706, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32633084

RESUMO

Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle populations across most of the world has remained elusive in spite of advances in knowledge about this viral pathogen. A central feature of virus perseverance in cattle herds is the unique mechanism of persistent infection. Managing BVDV infection in herds involves controlling persistently infected carrier animals using a multidimensional approach of vaccination, biosecurity, and identification of BVDV reservoirs. A decade has passed since the original American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement on BVDV. While much has remained the same with respect to clinical signs of disease, pathogenesis of infection including persistent infection, and diagnosis, scientific articles published since 2010 have led to a greater understanding of difficulties associated with control of BVDV. This consensus statement update on BVDV presents greater focus on topics currently relevant to the biology and control of this viral pathogen of cattle, including changes in virus subpopulations, infection in heterologous hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination.


Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Doenças dos Bovinos , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Animais , Anticorpos Antivirais , Biologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/prevenção & controle , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Consenso , Diarreia/veterinária , Terapia de Imunossupressão/veterinária , Estados Unidos , Vacinação/veterinária
20.
Front Microbiol ; 11: 1138, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32587582

RESUMO

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most economically important viruses of cattle, but this pathogen is also able to infect pigs, camelids, and a wide range of domestic and wild ruminants. BVDV isolates circulating in animal populations are genetically and antigenically highly diverse. Acute BVDV infections in cattle cause the introduction of many substitutions in the viral genome. Serial infection of pregnant sheep with a BVDV-1b isolate of bovine origin was also associated with great numbers of substitutions. To our knowledge, genomic changes arising during BVDV infections in swine have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes occurring in the open reading frame (ORF) of BVDV during serial infection of pregnant swine with a BVDV isolate of bovine origin. The BVDV-1b isolate AU526 was serially passaged in six pregnant gilts, two of which gave birth to live piglets congenitally infected with BVDV. The complete ORF sequences of 14 BVDV isolates obtained from pregnant gilts and their piglets were determined. Their analysis revealed that serial transmission of AU526 in pregnant swine resulted in many genomic changes. All isolates of porcine origin shared 32 nucleotide and 12 amino acid differences with the virus inoculum AU526. These changes were detected after a single passage in pregnant swine and were conserved during the subsequent five passages. Amino acid changes occurred primarily in genomic regions encoding the BVDV structural proteins E2 and E rns . These results suggest that BVDV infections in pregnant swine may contribute significantly to the genetic variability of BVDV and lead to the appearance of adaptive changes.

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