Retrieval analysis on dental implants biointegration phases.

This study was developed for evaluating the possible causes of losing primary stability of dental implants and to find possible associations between implant designs or implant surface treatment and the quality of surrounding bone tissue. There have been evaluated five CP (Commercial Products) titanium dental implants having different shapes and surface morphology. All the implants have been extracted between three and six month from insertion time due to the loosening of primary stability. The lost during three to six months of the primary stability for the dental implants evaluated at the interface was attributed to blood supply deficiency of the surrounding bone in case of the implants inserted in the anterior-lateral and lateral mandible bone, on implant surrounding bone with consecutive necrosis without leaving the possibility of normal healing both for the maxilla and the mandible, or to prosthetic load deficiency by applying forces out of the implant axis.

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Romanian children.

Between June 1989 and May 1991, 29,020 subjects were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies; 1079 were seropositive. A big discrepancy existed between the high seroprevalence in the group 0-3 yr of age, 11.22%, and that of 0.43% in the adult population. Moreover, only a small percentage of the pediatric cases (4%) resulted from maternal infection. These observations indicate viral spread by horizontal transmission. Blood, blood products, and reusable unsterilized needles and syringes were probably the main route by which HIV spread in the infant population in medical institutions. The initial source of HIV infection in Romania remains to be determined.

Immunodiagnosis of Trichinella infection in the horse.

From 1998 to 2000, 5,267 horse sera were collected from several Trichinella regions in Romania. Sera were initially screened in laboratories in Romania, Serbia and Italy with an ELISA and a Western blot (Wb) using an excretory/secretory (ES) antigen and several conjugates (protein A, protein G, and sheep or goat anti-horse). Differences in serology results were obtained among the different conjugates and also between ELISA and Wb. Depending on the test used, specific antibodies were found at a prevalence rate of 3-6% of horses. Serum samples classified as positive were tested again by ELISA using a synthetic tyvelose glycan-BSA antigen, in Italy. All serum samples tested using this antigen were negative; in contrast, serum samples from experimentally infected horses were positive with the glycan antigen. The negative results obtained with the glycan antigen are consistent with the low prevalence of horse trichinellosis reported in the literature. Based on these results, further studies are needed to validate immunodiagnostic tests to detect Trichinella infection in horses.

The lateral flow card test: an alternative method for the detection of Trichinella infection in swine.

A novel lateral flow card (TS-Card pork) test was developed for the serological detection of Trichinella infected pigs. Based on extensive studies performed in Romania during 1999-2000 this test proved to be highly specific sensitive, rapid (3-12 minutes) and easy to use (no need for laboratory facilities). It can be used both for the detection of Trichinella infection in carcasses and for epizooliological studies using a variety of samples including whole or dried blood, serum, or tissue fluids. The TS-Card pork test, used as a screening test, can be the foundation of an on-farm or field based inspection system to significantly improve food safety in countries with a high prevalence of Trichinella in pigs or other food animal species. The results presented are also promising for application of the test in an on-line laboratory based inspection system since the speed of the test allows sufficient time to rail out suspected hog carcasses during the slaughter process.

The dentist's operating posture - ergonomic aspects.

The practice of dentistry involves laborious high finesse dental preparations, precision and control in executions that require a particular attention, concentration and patience of the dentist and finally the dentist's physical and mental resistance. The optimal therapeutic approach and the success of practice involve special working conditions for the dentist and his team in an ergonomic environment. The meaning of the posture in ergonomics is the manner in which different parts of the body are located and thus the reports are established between them in order to allow a special task execution. This article discusses the posture adopted by dentists when they work, beginning with the balanced posture and going to different variants of posture. The ideal posture of a dentist gives him, on the one hand the optimal working conditions (access, visibility and control in the mouth) and on the other hand, physical and psychological comfort throughout the execution of the clinical acts. Although the theme of dentist posture is treated with great care and often presented in the undergraduate courses and the continuing education courses on ergonomics in dentistry, many dentists do not know the subject well enough nor the theoretical issues and therefore nor the practical applicability. The risk and perspective of the musculoskeletal disorders related to unbalanced postures should determine the dentists take postural corrective actions and compensation measures in order to limit the negative effects of working in a bad posture.

Marek's disease (MD). XX. Incidence and epizootology of MD in broiler flocks.

The frequency of Marek's disease in broiler chickens as measured by gross evidence of tumors at processing differs markedly among flocks and between poultry farm origin. Organs affected in broilers, in order of frequency of tumors, were proventriculus (57.6%), spleen (42.3%), kidney (30.6%), lung (19.1%), liver (15.3%), gonads (12.3%), heart (7.6%). Virus isolations were performed on samples from three broiler flocks to examine the possibility that such differences in MD incidence were causally related to differences in the frequency of naturally occurring, nononcogenic serotype 2MD virus infection. Serotype 2 virus was isolated from two flocks. MD condemnations were lower in two serotype-2 infected flocks (V1) than in the third one serotype 1 and serotype 2 positive flock (Mh). Thus, these data suggest a strong positive association between MD losses, housing and a weak probable negative association between serotype 2 virus and MD losses in broilers. However, low level of leukosis condemnations in certain flocks from the same farm are not related to high serotype 2 virus exposure.

Bovine leukemia virus. VII. In vitro replication of virus in bat lung cell culture NBL BLV 2.

Bat lung cell culture NBL 12 Tb 1 Lu chronically infected with cell free bovine leukemia virus (BLV), designed by NBL BLV 2, produces virus proteins and showed the presence of cells with the BLV antigens as well as BLV-induced syncytia for more than 11 years. Virus replication was abundant and increased with passage in NBL BLV 2 cell line and was moderate but decreased with passage in fetal lamb splenic cell line chronically infected with BLV (FLS NI 1228). The amount of virus proteins released in culture fluid by NBL BLV 2 cultures growing on roller bottle was 32.6-37.5 micrograms/ml, 42.7 micrograms/ml at passage 16-19 and 24-28, respectively. Studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that the virus protein production of NBL BLV cultures was 12.5 micrograms/ml in Falcon flasks (static), 26.3-52.8 micrograms/ml in roller bottle (rolling), 60.2 micrograms/ml in roller bottle with microcarriers and 9.82 microcarriers suspension (fermentor) as monolayer cell culture systems. On the monolayer cultures tested NBL BLV 2 cell line showed a progressive increase of virus production that reached high levels, for over 8 years and continues to release large amounts of virus. NBL BLV 2 cell line is also free of adventitious agents, it is easy to maintain and contains only small amount of cell debris, it provides a suitable source of cell free and cell associated bovine leukemia virus for research and production purposes.

Marek's disease. XVII. Studies on virus induced-atherosclerosis.

Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDV) specific internal antigens were found in arterial segments of Single Comb White Leghorn, the Cornell strain, and of broiler chickens infected with virulent type 1 Mh-87 strain of MDV. Atherosclerosis was reproducibly induced in specific pathogen free (SPF) and in broiler chickens by infection with Mh-87 strain of MDV. Under these conditions a direct association was established between MDV infection and MDV-induced-atherosclerosis.

Evaluation of efficacy of pooled sera in a human immunodeficiency virus antibody prevalence in population surveys.

The pooling of five individual serum samples for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibodies was examined to assess whether testing pooled versus individual sera was technically feasible. Detection of HIV-1 antibodies was performed using a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Wellcozyme HIV Recombinant commercially available kit. Positive, weak positive and negative sera or HIV-1 antibody from Wellcozyme HIV Recombinant, Du Pont ELISA, SERODIA HIV Mast Diagnostica and from "Stefan S. Nicolau" Institute of Virology (NIV) collection were pooled in various dilutions with control negative sera for HIV-1 antibodies. When positive sera were pooled 1:4 with negative sera, results remained reactive in the same range of positivity and when cut off-control sera were pooled 1:4 with negative sera samples remained in the cut off range. For reliability we considered cut of values of pooled sera probes an A 450 absorbance 0.2 units higher than the absorbance of cut-off-control from Wellcozyme HIV Recombinant kit B. Samples of pooled sera that have absorbance A 450 lower, equal or 0.2 units higher than the absorbance of cut off-control of Wellcozyme were considered positive and the five sera were tested as individual probes. The positive probes thus found were retested in duplicate using the original sample source. Negative samples of pooled sera do not have to be retested, this being the main advantage of this technique. Also positive sera (controls of from NIV collection) were pooled with HIV-1 antibody negative sera which were positive for rheumatoid factor (RF).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). IV. Studies on experimental inactivated vaccine against human EBV infection.

It is well established that EBV-immunogen successfully invoke a strong neutralizing anti-EBV response in experimental animals. The authors report here the successful production of an EBV-immunogen prepared with whole disrupted productive cells of 2 MEBV cell line and with whole virus inactivated with ethylenimine (EI) which produce neutralizing anti-EBV response in experimental animals (calves, sheep, rabbits and SPF chickens).

Whole Blood, Serum, and Tissue Fluids in an Enzyme Immunoassay for Swine Trichinellosis.

Two enzyme immunoassays (EIA) for trichinellosis in swine (a research version and a commercial kit obtained from LMD Agro-Vet) were used to test pig whole blood, serum, and tissue fluids as sample sources. Five pigs inoculated with 2,500 Trichinella spiralis were bled weekly and then sacrificed after 42 days. Blood and serum samples from each sampling time and tissue fluids collected at slaughter were tested in both EIA formats. Whether samples were undiluted or diluted, blood could be used as effectively as serum for detecting pigs infected with T. spiralis . Further, it was as effective to use tissue fluids as either blood or serum. With both tests, the research and commercial versions, it is possible to detect infected pigs by 28 days following infection. The results of this study suggest that a rapid EIA test such as the LMD Agro-Vet Trichinella Serology Microwell ELISA can be used as an effective tool for testing pigs for trichinellosis on the farm. Additionally, because it can enable the detection of antibodies in tissue fluids, this test could be used effectively to determine trichinellosis in meat samples following slaughter.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). V. Incidence of EBV antibodies in patients with rheumatic diseases.

Serum samples from 95 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 24 patients with other various rheumatic diseases, 50 patients with diabetes mellitus, 34 patients with acute viral infections, 6 patients with infectious mononucleosis, 77 patients with lymphomas and leukemia and 110 blood donors and 24 healthy subjects as normal controls, respectively, were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) reaction for the presence of specific antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus determined viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) and Epstein-Barr active viral infection. The IF test carried out in acetone-fixed smears of EB-3 cell line revealed EB antibodies anti-VCA in 83.3% of infectious mononucleosis, 61.0% lymphomas and leukemia, 58.0% diabetic patients. The frequency of anti-VCA antibodies in rheumatic patients was 31.4%, and 3.6% and 25% in sera from blood donors and healthy subjects, respectively. Incidence of active EBV infection was 5.7% of rheumatic diseases, 17.7% of acute virus infections, 50.0% of infectious mononucleosis, and 31.1% of lymphomas and leukemia patients. Active EBV infection was not found out in blood donors (0/110) and healthy subjects (0/24) groups as control. Rheumatoid arthritis with or without rheumatoid factor patients had serological evidence of active EBV infection 6/26 and 4/26 respectively.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). VI. Incidence of EBV antibodies in patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases.

Serum samples from 52 patients with malignant lymphoproliferative diseases and 12 clinically healthy subjects were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) reaction for the presence of specific EB antibodies anti-VCA and active EBV infection. The tests revealed EB antibodies anti-VCA in 32 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and in 2 clinically healthy subjects and active EBV infection in 18/32 and in 0/2 EB anti-VCA positive patients and clinically healthy subjects, respectively.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). X. Incidence of EBV antibodies in patients with malignant tumors.

Serum samples from 31 patients with various types of malignancies, 18 patients with different viral infections and 6 healthy subjects as controls, were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) method for antibodies against viral capsid antigens (VCA) and the presence of active EBV infection. EBV antibodies anti-VCA were detected in 19 patients with tumors, in 8 patients with viral infections and in 2 healthy subjects. EBV active infection was found out in 9/19, 3/8 and 0/2 EBV anti-VCA positive patients with malignancies, different viral infections and healthy subjects respectively.

Turkey herpesvirus. VII. The evolution of Marek's disease in chickens vaccinated at one day of age and challenged at different periods of time after vaccination.

The Single Comb White Leghorn, the Cornell S strain chickens vaccinated at one day of age with cell free Herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) 100 and 1000 focus forming-units (FFU) per bird were raised in isolatores. At different periods of time the vaccinated and control chickens were reared together with chickens with clinical symptoms of Marek's disease previously inoculated with JM-Strain of Marek's disease virus (MDV) in a separate isolation room throughout the experiment. The specific protective effect was 84.6-100 percent in vaccinated chickens raised together with chickens with MD, soon or 4, 7, 11, 14, 17 and 21 days after vaccination. The period of MD evolution, Mean Time to Death (MTD) at unvaccinated chickens was 54.8 and at vaccinated chickens with 100 and 1000 FFU of HVT per bird, MTD was 65.9 and 78.5 days respectively. Rhode Island Red (RIR-HPRS) and Brown Leghorn (BrL-HPRS) chickens vaccinated at one day of age with cell-free HVT 100 and 1000 FFU per bird were raised in isolation rooms. At 21 day of age vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged with MDV strain P-501 and reared together in isolation rooms throughout the experiments. The specific protective effect was 71.6-100 percent and 76.8-100 percent at vaccinated RIR-HPRS and BrL-HPRS respectively. Mean time to death was 58-68.5 and 95 days at RIR-HPRS vaccinated chickens with 100 and 1000 FFU of HVT respectively and 38.1-48.25 days at control group. MTD was 72.5-87 days at BrL-HPRS chickens vaccinated with 100 FFU of HVT and 41.5-50.25 days at control group.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). III. Incidence of EBV antibodies in patients with various tumors.

Serum samples from 553 patients with various tumors, from 26 patients with different viral infections and from 78 clinically healthy subjects were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) reaction for the presence of specific antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus. The test revealed antibodies to EBV in 127 patients with tumors, in 14 patients with viral infections and in 8 healthy persons.

Detection of C-type virus by immunoferritin technique in bat lung cell line chronically infected with bovine leucosis virus.

Reported in this paper are morphological studies and tests for the detection of Type-C particles from a line of bat lung cells chronically infected with bovine leucosis virus. The immunoferritin technique was used. Ferritin labelling of Type-C particles was regularly accompanied by black-spot arrangement of ferritin around the virus envelope, which provided evidence to the specificity of this immunochemical technique.

[Parodonto-prophylactic restoration of occluding stops by dental bridges]. / Restaurarea parodontoprofilactica a stopurilor ocluzale prin punti dentare.

The authors have studied data from the specialized literature and evaluated their personal experience for identifying the positive and the negative aspects of current methods for the restoration of occluding stops. The study has evidenced that the method employing a median articulatory device and the galvanic model of the antagonist teeth can be used for the biological integration at a higher level of efficiency of dental bridges which are intended to restore occluding stops. Superior functional parameters are achieved. Clinical observations, kinesiographic recordings and final occluding evaluations have been used. However, these methods are applied only in clinical cases that have been correctly investigated, and on condition that the restorative technique is followed fully. This method, with all its advantages when compared to the morphostatic method with distal key of occlusion, or with occluding device presumes the availability of very good clinical and technical conditions. By the nature of his preoccupations, the praxiological and gnathological essence of the practitioner is to achieve conservation and to restore occluding stops by various methods. One of the consequences of these approaches is to achieve prophylactic methods, that will not disturb the parodontial balance. The study presented here was aimed at this. Stomatologists should have a sound knowledge of occluding physiology, and this for two major considerations: they can prevent, when well informed, the development of the complex pathology due to occluding dysfunction, and they can apply functional restorative therapies to patients that are occlusally traumatized, restoring the occluding balance.