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The study objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy D2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively 498 medical records of patients with gastric cancer who were attended at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) between 2008 and 2011and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were distributed into 4 groups according to their LNR, LNR0: 0, LNR1: 0-0.13, LNR2: 0.14-0.4 and LNR3: = 0.4. RESULTS: The median of resected lymph nodes was 42 [range; 8.153] and 494 (99.2%) patients had more than 15 lymph nodes retrieved. 340 (68.5%) patients had lymph node involvement and 175 (35.1%) cases (35.1%) were classified as pN3, 94 (18.5%) pN2 and 72 (14.5%) were pN1. 285 (57.2%) patients had stage III disease. There was a significant difference between groups of LNR in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves (p <0.05). According to the LNR groups there was significant differences according to age, lesion size, lymph node involvement (pN), Lauren classification, vascular invasion and lymphatic invasion (p <0.05). LNR is an important prognostic factor to explain the time of death (LNR3: HR: 6.77, 95% CI: 3.346-13.706, p <0.05) and recurrence time (LNR3: 95% CI: 2.104-13.439, p <0.05). CONCLUSION: LNR remains as an important independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.
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Gastrectomia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Gastrectomia/métodos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To validate the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru, evaluating cultural and psychometric characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first phase consisted in measure the content and appearance validity. In the second phase, the questionnaire was applied to patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity was determined. RESULTS: After performing the content and appearance validity the questions/items 31 and 39 were changed. The global Cronbach's α was 0.90 and α coefficients greater than 0.7 in the multi-item subscales was obtained. The test-retest reliability showed an overall correlation of 0.924. When analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity, the values of Pearson's "r" were higher between an item and its own subscale, than the same item with other multi-item sub-scales. The criterion validity of the EORTC QLQ STO-22 compared with the EORTC QLQ C-30 showed a positive correlation of 0.727 with items evaluating symptomatology, and a negative correlation of -0.587 when comparing with functional status items, both statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The modified questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 meets the reliability and validity criteria for assessing the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer in Peru.
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Adenocarcinoma , Assistência à Saúde Culturalmente Competente , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias Gástricas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Estudos Prospectivos , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , TraduçõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: The role of tumor deposits (TDs) in the staging of gastric cancer is currently debatable. TDs are defined as tumoral nodules in perigastric adipose tissue with no evidence of lymphatic, vascular, or neural structures. Clinicopathological factors related to the presence of TDs are not well defined. This study aimed to identify the clinicopathological factors associated with the presence of TDs in resected gastric cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and treated with D2 radical gastrectomy from January 2019 to January 2020. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors related to the presence of TDs. RESULTS: A total of 111 patients were eligible and TDs were present in 31 of them (28%). In the univariate analysis, male gender (p = 0.027), tumor size ≥ 5cm (p = ≤0.001), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4a and pT4b) (p = ≤0.001), ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) (p = ≤0.001), and TNM stage III tumors (p = ≤0.001) were significantly associated with the presence of TDs. The multivariate analysis showed that a tumors size ≥5 cm (OR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.17-11.6), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4a and pT4b) (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.31-10.86) and ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) (OR = 3.21, 95%CI:1.06-9.7) were independent risk factors for the presence of TDs. CONCLUSIONS: Larger tumors (tumor size ≥ 5cm), serosa and adjacent organs invasion (pT4 and pT4b), and ≥16 metastatic lymph nodes (pN3b) were independent risk factors for the presence of TDs.
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INTRODUCTION: Describe and demonstrate the feasibility and safety of TaTME in short term outcomes in the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case series with retrospective and prospective data collection of patients with middle and inferior rectal cancer who underwent TaTME between January 2015 and March 2020. Patients and tumor characteristics, operative details, postoperative complications and pathological results were analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were included. The median age was 56 years old (range 40-69). Ten were female. The median distance from the anal verge was 4 cm (range 3-6) and 17 cases were located in the inferior rectum. Eleven patients with clinical stage III. Thirteen (68.4%) patients received neoadjuvant treatment. There was no conversion to open surgery reported. Ten (52.6%) cases had intersphincteric resection and 18 (94.7%) had primary coloanal anastomosis, 13 (72.2%) of them with hand-sewn. All patients had a diversion with ileostomy. The median operative time was 330 min (range 270-480). Median postoperative hospital stay of 5 days (range 3-18). The overall rate of postoperative complication was 21.1%, two cases (10.5%) had anastomotic leakage and mortality was present in one (5.3%) patient. 94.5% had an optimal TME specimen, only one case (5.3%) had positive circumferential resection margin and positive distal margin. The median tumor size in the specimen was 4 cm (range 2-11) and nine (47.4%) patients had ypT3 on pathology. CONCLUSION: TaTME is a safe and feasible technique with good pathological results.
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RESUMEN El cáncer pulmonar es un problema de salud pública debido a su alta morbimortalidad mundial y en el Perú. En el cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas (CPCNP) la detección de mutaciones del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGFR) ha sido útil para elección de la terapéutica de esta enfermedad. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la información actual y relevante sobre la biopsia liquida como técnica diagnóstica en detección de mutaciones del gen EGFR en pacientes con cáncer pulmonar de células no pequeñas. Las principales guías de cáncer y dos revisiones sistemáticas muestran evidencia a favor de la biopsia líquida en busca de mutaciones del gen EGFR, esto como una alternativa a la biopsia de tejido al inicio de diagnóstico y con una mayor aceptación de uso en el escenario clínico de pacientes con CPCNP con mutaciones sensibles de EGFR. Esta tecnología sanitaria puede ser útil en nuestro país, y proponemos su uso en dos escenarios clínicos.
ABSTRACT Lung cancer is a public health problem due to its high morbidity and mortality worldwide and in Peru. In non-small cell lung cancer, the detection of mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been useful for the choice of therapeutics for this disease. In the present article we aim to discuss current and relevant information on the best diagnostic technique for EGFR in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The main cancer guidelines and two systematic reviews showed evidence in favor of the diagnosis of EGFR gene mutations on liquid biopsy as an alternative to tissue biopsy at the beginning of diagnosis and with a greater acceptance use, in the clinical setting of NSCLC patients with sensitive EGFR mutations. This healthcare technology may be useful in our country, and we propose its use in two clinical scenarios.
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RESUMEN Objetivo : Describir y analizar la seguridad de la aplicación del programa de "Recuperación Mejorada Después de Cirugía" (ERAS) para cirugía electiva por cáncer colorrectal. Materiales y Métodos : Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 272 pacientes con cáncer colorrectal operados con cirugía electiva entre enero 2019 y setiembre 2020 en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Perú. Se utilizó la Prueba U de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, y odds ratios (OR) para el análisis estadístico. Resultados : 90 pacientes ingresaron al programa ERAS con una mediana de estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria de 3 días (rango 3-19). La cirugía laparoscópica se realizó en el 53 % de los casos, con una estancia hospitalaria significativamente menor que los pacientes con cirugía convencional (p=0,035). El inicio de la tolerancia oral < 24 horas se realizó en el 91 % de casos y la deambulación temprana en 89 %. La incidencia de complicaciones postoperatorias fue de 29 %, mayor en los pacientes con resección de recto/ano que en el grupo con resección de colon (40 % vs 20 %, p=0,043) (OR=2,67, IC del 95 %: 1,02 - 7,01). Ocho pacientes presentaron complicación mayor, 4 con dehiscencia de anastomosis y 4 requirieron readmisión hospitalaria. Conclusiones : El manejo según ERAS para cirugía electiva por cáncer colorrectal es seguro y factible con un riesgo de morbimortalidad perioperatoria aceptable.
ABSTRACT Aim : Describe and analyze the safety of the "Enhanced Recovery After Surgery" (ERAS) protocol in elective procedures for colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods : Observational study of 272 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent elective surgery from January 2019 to September 2020 at the "Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas", Peru, were retrospectively collected. U Mann-Whitney test, Pearson chi-square test and odds ratios (OR) were used for statistical analysis. Results : 90 patients were included in the ERAS program with a median postoperative hospital stay of 3 days (range 3-19). Laparoscopic surgery was performed in 53% of the patients with significantly shorter postoperative hospital stay in comparison with the patients who had open surgery (p=0,035). Oral food intake less than 24 hours postoperatively was 91%, and early mobilization in 89% of the cases. The postoperative complication rate was 29%, higher in rectal/anus resection than in colonic resections (40% vs 20%, p=0,043) (OR=2,67, CI 95%: 1,02 - 7,01). Eight patients had a major postoperative complication, four with anastomotic leakage and four required hospital readmission. Conclusions : The perioperative management of ERAS program for colorectal cancer in elective surgery is safe and feasible with acceptable morbimortality risk.
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El coriocarcinoma gástrico primario (CGP) es un tumor infrecuente. Debido a su rareza, su patogenia aún no es clara. El diagnóstico se basa en la inmunohistopatología, la cual es positiva para gonadotropina coriónica humana (hCG). Es una neoplasia altamente invasiva y de rápida diseminación hematógena, lo que conlleva a un pobre pronóstico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer de 57 años con hemorragia digestiva alta asociada a baja de peso. La gastroscopia reporta, a nivel de cardias y región paracardial, lesión polipoidea ulcerada de 5x4 cm, con bordes circunscritos y sin presencia de infiltración de pared adyacente, con estigmas de sangrado reciente y anatomía patológica que informa neoplasia maligna pleomórfica ulcerada con inmunohistoquímica positiva para panqueratina. Ante la sospecha de carcinoma poco diferenciado y sin evidencia de metástasis, la paciente fue sometida a gastrectomía total y la patología fue compatible con coriocarcinoma. Por ello, posterior a la cirugía, se realiza estudio de hCG sérico con resultado de 714 mIU/ml, lo que confirmó aún más el diagnóstico. Se decide tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia y se realiza seguimiento tomográfico y serológico de hCG sin presencia de enfermedad activa.
Primary gastric choriocarcinoma (PGC) is an uncommon tumor. Due to its rarity, its pathogenesis is still unclear. The diagnosis is based on immunohistopathology, which is positive for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). It is a highly invasive and rapidly-disseminated hematogenous neoplasm, which leads to a poor prognosis. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman with upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with weight loss. The gastroscopy showed, on the cardia and paracardial region, a 5x4-cm ulcerated polypoid lesion with circumscribed edges and without adjacent wall infiltration, with stigmas of recent bleeding and a pathological anatomy that demonstrates ulcerated pleomorphic malignancy with positive immunohistochemistry for pankeratin. Given the suspicion of poorly differentiated carcinoma and without evidence of metastasis, the patient underwent a total gastrectomy and the pathology was compatible with choriocarcinoma. Therefore, after the surgery, a serum hCG test was performed with a result of 714 mIU/ml, which further confirmed the diagnosis. Treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy was decided, and a tomographic and serological hCG follow-up was conducted, without the presence of active disease.
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Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas , Coriocarcinoma , Gastrectomia , Gonadotropina CoriônicaRESUMO
Objetivo: El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el valor pronóstico de la razón de ganglios metastásicos (LNR) en los pacientes con cáncer gástrico operados de gastrectomía radical D2. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las historias clínicas de 498 pacientes del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN) entre los años 2008 y 2011 que cumplían los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se dividieron en 4 grupos de acuerdo a su LNR; LNR0: 0, LNR1: 0-0,13, LNR2: 0,14-0,4 y LNR3: ≥ 0,4. Resultados: La mediana de ganglios resecados fue de 42 [rango 8-153] y 494 (99,2%) pacientes tuvieron más de 15 ganglios resecados. 340 (68,5%) pacientes presentaron compromiso ganglionar y 175 (35,1%) fueron clasificados como pN3, 94 (18,5%) pN2 y 72 (14,5%) como pN1. 285 (57,2%) pacientes tuvieron estadío III. Hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos del LNR en las curvas de sobrevida global (SV) y de sobrevida libre de enfermedad (SVLE) (p <0,05). Según los grupos del LNR existen diferencias según la edad, el tamaño de la lesión, el nivel de compromiso ganglionar (pN), la clasificación Lauren, la invasión vascular y la invasión linfática (p <0,05). El LNR es un factor pronóstico importante para explicar el tiempo de muerte (LNR3: HR: 6,77, 95%CI: 3,346-13,706, p <0,05) y de recurrencia (LNR3: HR: 5,3, 95%CI: 2,104-13,439, p <0,05). Conclusión: El LNR es un factor pronóstico independiente importante en los pacientes operados de gastrectomía radical con linfadenectomia D2 por cáncer gástrico.
Objective: The study objective was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy D2. Materials and methods: We reviewed retrospectively 498 medical records of patients with gastric cancer who were attended at the National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases (INEN) between 2008 and 2011and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were distributed into 4 groups according to their LNR, LNR0: 0, LNR1: 0-0.13, LNR2: 0.14-0.4 and LNR3: ≥ 0.4. Results: The median of resected lymph nodes was 42 [range; 8.153] and 494 (99.2%) patients had more than 15 lymph nodes retrieved. 340 (68.5%) patients had lymph node involvement and 175 (35.1%) cases (35.1%) were classified as pN3, 94 (18.5%) pN2 and 72 (14.5%) were pN1. 285 (57.2%) patients had stage III disease. There was a significant difference between groups of LNR in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) curves (p <0.05). According to the LNR groups there was significant differences according to age, lesion size, lymph node involvement (pN), Lauren classification, vascular invasion and lymphatic invasion (p <0.05). LNR is an important prognostic factor to explain the time of death (LNR3: HR: 6.77, 95% CI: 3.346-13.706, p <0.05) and recurrence time (LNR3: 95% CI: 2.104-13.439, p <0.05). Conclusion: LNR remains as an important independent prognostic factor in patients undergoing radical gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer.
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Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Gastrectomia , Excisão de Linfonodo , Metástase Linfática , Prognóstico , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Gastrectomia/métodos , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
Realizar la adaptación cultural y validación psicométrica del cuestionario EORTC QLQ û STO 22 para evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer gástrico en el Perú. Materiales y métodos: La primera fase consistió en evaluar la validez de contenido y de apariencia. En la segunda fase se aplicó el cuestionario a pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico y se determinó la consistencia interna, confiabilidad test re-test, validez convergente, validez discriminante y validez de criterio. Resultados: La validez de contenido y de apariencia permitió modificar el cuestionario en dos preguntas/ítems (31 y 39). Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach global de 0,90 y coeficientes mayores a 0,7 en las sub-escalas multi-ítem. La fiabilidad test retest mostró una correlación global de 0,924. Al analizar la validez convergente y discriminante se encontró que los valores de r de Pearson fueron mayores entre un ítem y su propia sub-escala, y menores con sub-escalas diferentes a la propia. Al realizar la validez de criterio comparada con el cuestionario EORTC QLQ C-30 se halló una correlación de 0,727 con los ítems de sintomatología y una correlación de -0,587 con los ítems de funcionalidad, ambos estadísticamente significativos. Conclusión: El cuestionario EORTC QLQ STO 22 modificado cumple con los criterios confiabilidad y validez para evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con cáncer gástrico en el Perú...
To validate the health-related quality of life questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 for patients with gastric cancer in Peru, evaluating cultural and psychometric characteristics. Materials and methods: The first phase consisted in measure the content and appearance validity. In the second phase, the questionnaire was applied to patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity was determined. Results: After performing the content and appearance validity the questions/items 31 and 39 were changed. The global CronbachÆs alfa was 0.90 and alfa coefficients greater than 0.7 in the multi-item subscales was obtained. The test-retest reliability showed an overall correlation of 0.924. When analyzing the convergent and discriminant validity, the values of PearsonÆs ôrõ were higher between an item and its own subscale, than the same item with other multi-item sub-scales. The criterion validity of the EORTC QLQ STO-22 compared with the EORTC QLQ C-30 showed a positive correlation of 0.727 with items evaluating symptomatology, and a negative correlation of -0.587 when comparing with functional status items, both statistically significant. Conclusion: The modified questionnaire EORTC QLQ STO-22 meets the reliability and validity criteria for assessing the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer in Peru...
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Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias Gástricas , Psicometria , Estudos de Validação como Assunto , PeruRESUMO
El tratamiento convencional de la fístula aortoentérica secundaria a infección de injerto aórtico ha sido: bypass extraanatómico, retiro del injerto infectado y cierre de la aorta abdominal. Evidencia reciente demuestra que, en casos de mínima purulencia, el reemplazo in situ con un nuevo injerto bañado en Rifampicina asociado a envoltura con omento mayor y antibioticoterapia de por vida, permite obtener mejores resultados que el tratamiento clásico. Se presenta el manejo diagnóstico de un paciente de 73 años que ingresó con hemorragia digestiva alta debido a fístula aortoentérica secundaria a pseudoaneurisma e infección de injerto aortobifemoral y el tratamiento quirúrgico con reemplazo in situ del injerto con uno nuevo embebido en Rifampicina. El seguimiento a 1 año mostró buena permeabilidad del injerto, sin signos de reinfección ni hemorragia digestiva.
Axilo-femoral extra-anatomic bypass and infected aortic graft removal has been the preferred treatment for aortoenteric fístula secondary to aortic graft infection. Nowadays, there is strong evidence that in situ replacement with Rifampin-soaked graft and omental flap coverage associated with tife-time antibiotic therapy has better results thanclassic treatment. We describe the case of a 73 years old patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding in whom a diagnosis of aortoenteric fístula associated to aorto-bifemoral graft infection and aortic pseudoaneurysm was made. In situ replacement of the infected graft was performed with a Rifampin-soaked new graft. Follow up at 1 year showed good graft patency and no recurrence ofinfection or gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Aorta Abdominal , Fístula , Infecções , Manutenção Corretiva , Rifampina/administração & dosagem , TransplantesRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The pancreatojejunal anastomosis is considered the weak spot when carrying out a duodenopancreatectomy, because it causes most of the complications following a Whipple surgery. Here we present a series of cases using a single technique for performing this anastomosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the period between October 2002 and August 2005, 49 duodenopancreatectomies were performed at the 3AII Department of the National Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (H.N.E.R.M.) in 31 of these cases a lateral mucosa to mucosa pancreatojejunal anastomosis was carried out by the same surgeon. RESULTS: The most frequent complication was infection of the operating wound followed by pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal hemorrhage and the overall morbidity was 29%. Pancreatic fistula developed in 13% of the cases; however, no patient required additional treatment and the fistula closed maximum twenty days after the surgery. On average, patients resumed oral food intake after 6 days and remained hospitalized for 16 days. Mortality was 3%, because a patient developed a pseudo-aneurysm of the hepatic artery, which ruptured 17 days after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The mucosa to mucosa pancreatojejunal anastomosis is a safe technique with a low index of pancreatic fistula and mortality.
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Neoplasias do Sistema Digestório/cirurgia , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/métodos , Pancreaticojejunostomia/métodos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Neoplasias do Sistema Digestório/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Sistema Digestório/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/efeitos adversos , Pancreaticojejunostomia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Proximal or distal pancreatectomy is the standard treatment for non-resectable benign pancreatic tumors. These procedures imply a radical resection as well as a significant loss of distal normal pancreatic tissue for the standard resection, which may cause an endocrine and/or exocrine pancreatic failure. PURPOSE: Report our experience in central pancreatectomy for the treatment of benign/low malignancy potential tumors in the body and neck of the pancreas by emphasizing the indications and perisurgical results. METHODS: Prospective study of patients with suspected benign tumors in the body of pancreas. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Resection of central pancreas through a Roux-en-Y pancreatojejunal anastomosis. RESULTS: From March 1997 to May 2005, 12 patients underwent central pancreatectomy through pancreatojejunal anastomosis. 6 benign tumors were found in the islets of Langerhans: 3 microcystic cystadenomas, 1 mucinous cystadenoma, 1 pseudopapillary solid tumor, and 1 serous cystadenoma. Morbidity rate was 33.3% with no post-surgery deaths. Pancreatic failure was not reported during follow up. CONCLUSION: Some selected cases of benign/low malignancy potential tumors may be treated with central pancreatectomy and pancreatojejunal anastomosis with acceptable morbidity levels and minimum mortality levels. The benefit from preserving the greatest extension of healthy pancreatic tissue as possible is translated into a preservation of the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.
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Pancreatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Pre-operative preparation of the colon is carried out with oral and/or intravenous administration of antibiotics and through the mechanical preparation of the colon using various substances to decrease the intraluminal bacterial concentration and remove the larger quantity of fecal material as possible, thus decreasing the risk of anastomosis dehiscence due to an increase in the intraluminal pressure. The role of antibiotics has been completely established while that of mechanical preparation is still questioned. The objective of this study is to assess the actual impact of mechanical preparation on colorectal surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty seven patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery were prospectively evaluated, out of which only 24 had mechanical preparation. We compared variables such as age, sex, preoperative hemoglobin, albumin and leukocyte values, surgery characteristics and type of anastomosis, as well as complications in both groups. RESULTS: We found a higher incidence of fistulas, dehiscences and general complications in the group undergoing mechanical preparation of the colon. CONCLUSION: The results show that mechanical preparation of the colon does not provide any benefit and may result in a higher incidence of complications in colorectal surgery.
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Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Catárticos/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Enema/efeitos adversos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Pré-Medicação , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Colectomia , Colo/microbiologia , Colostomia , Feminino , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/epidemiologia , Fístula Intestinal/prevenção & controle , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Estudos Prospectivos , Reto/microbiologia , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/epidemiologia , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/prevenção & controle , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has diverse applications when dealing with patients with colon-rectal cancer. The clinical value may be divided between preoperative evaluation of the tumor extension and its prognosis and the postoperative monitoring of the recurrence. We carried out this study to investigate and determine whether there is a relation between the preoperative value of the CEA and survival and if it may be considered as an independent prognosis factor in colon-rectal cancer. We evaluated 122 patients with colon-rectal cancer, who had had curative surgery and we analyzed different variables in univaried and multivaried form, to determine independent prognosis factors (CEA, sex, age, degree of differentiation, tumor size, ganglionar compromise, and the level of wall infiltration). The ganglionar compromise, the level of intestine wall infiltration and the CEA preoperative value lower than 5 ng/ml had a significantly higher survival than those with values higher than 5 ng/ml, regardless of other factors. We concluded that the preoperative determination of Carcinoembryonic Antigen represents a non-invasive study clinically useful in dealing with colon-rectal cancer and that its value has a significant statistical value as an independent prognosis factor in colon-rectal patient survival.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Antígenos de Neoplasias/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Antígeno Carcinoembrionário/análise , Neoplasias do Colo/sangue , Neoplasias Retais/sangue , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Diferenciação Celular , Neoplasias do Colo/mortalidade , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Tábuas de Vida , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Invasividade Neoplásica , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Peru/epidemiologia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios , Prognóstico , Neoplasias Retais/mortalidade , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
ANTECEDENTES: Para evaluar la morbilidad, mortalidad post operatoria sobrevida yrecurrencia luego de las resecciones hepáticas por carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC) se realizóun análisis en 232 pacientes consecutivos con HCC resecados entre enero de 1990 y Diciembredel 2006 en el departamento de abdomen del Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplasicas (INEN).METODOS:La sobrevida global y libre de enfermedad fue calculada por el metodo deKaplan-Meier, los factores pronósticos fueron evaluados utilizando análisis univariadoy multivariado (Cox).RESULTADOS.- La media de edad fue 36 años, 44.2 tuvieron infección por virus de lahepatitis, solo el 16.3 por ciento tuvo cirrosis. La media de AFP fue de 5,467 ng/ml. la medianadel tamaño del HCC fue 15 cms.La mayoría de pacientes tuvo una resección hepática mayor (74.2 por ciento tuvo 4 o mássegmentos resecados).La morbilidad y mortalidad post operatoria fue de 13.7 ciento y 5.3 por ciento respectivamente. Despuésde una media de seguimiento de 40 meses el 53.3% de los pacientes presentó recurrencia.La sobrevida global a 1, 3 y 5 años fue de 66.5 por ciento , 38.7 por ciento y 26.7 por ciento respectivamente. Lasobrevida libre de enfermedad a 1, 3 y 5 años fue de 53.7 por ciento , 27.6 por ciento y 19.9 por ciento .En análisis multivariado, la presencia de múltiples nódulos (p<0.000), la cirrosis (p<0.001)y la invasión vascular macroscopica (p<0.001) fueron factores independientes asociadosa una pobre sobrevida.CONCLUSION: La resección quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección para elhepatocarcinoma y puede realizarse en el Departamento de Abdomen del INEN con bajamorbi-mortalidad y adecuada sobrevida.
BACKGROUND: To evaluate the short and long term outcome of liver resections for hepatocellular carcinoma a retrospective analysis was performed on 232 consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma resected between January 1990 and December 2006 at the Department of Abdomen of the Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplasicas of Lima Peru. METHODS: Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by Kaplan- Meier method, Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis RESULTS: The median age was 36 years. 44.2% were associated with hepatitis B, only16.3% had cirrhosis. The median size of the tumors was 15 cm. The median value of AFP was 5,467 ng/ml. The majority of patients underwent a major hepatectomy (74.2 % hadfour or more segments resected)Overall morbidity and mortality were 13.7% and 5.3% respectively. After a median followup of 40 months, tumour recurrence appeared in 53.3% of the patients. The 1, 3, and 5 year overall survival rates were 66.5%, 38.7% and 26.7%respectively. The 1, 3, and 5year disease-free survival rates were 53.7%, 27.6%, and 19.9%. On multivariate analysis, presence of multiple nodules (p<0.000), cirrhosis (p=0.001), and macroscopic vascularinvasion (p=0.001) were found to be independent prognostic factors related to a worse long-term survival.CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is the optimal therapy for large HCC and can be safely performed with a reasonable long-term survival.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/reabilitação , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/mortalidadeRESUMO
Objetivo: Estudio clínico patológico de casos de pacientes con cáncer gástrico precoz originado en adenoma tubular. Resultados: De 332 casos de pacientes con cáncer precoz de estomago 65.6% (218/332) son adenocarcinomas diferenciados, tubulares, papilares o de tipo intestinal. 28.8% (63/218) se originan de adenoma tubular. La gran mayoría son de tipo I, IIa y combinados con IIc y IIb. Es importante el tamaño del tumor. Mas de 2 cm hay infiltración de la submucosa y metástasis. Conclusiones: Cáncer gástrico precoz originado en adenoma tubular, menores de 2 cm e intramucosos con ecoendoscopia deben ser resecados endoscópicamente.
Objective: Clinic pathologic study of patients with early gastric cancer originated in tubular adenoma. Results: From 332 patients with early gastric cancer 65.6% (218/332) are well differentiated adenocarcinomas tubular papilar, or intestinal type. 28.8% (63/218) are originated from tubular Adenoma. The mayority are I, II a or Combination with II c and II b type. It is important the size of tumor. More than 2cm had Infiltration of submucous and metastasis . Conclusions: Early gastric cancer originated in Adenoma tubular less than 2 cm intramucous with echoendoscopy may be resected endoscopically.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adenocarcinoma , Adenoma , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Neoplasias GástricasRESUMO
Introducción: La pancreatectomía proximal o distal constituye el tratamiento estándar de los tumores benignos del páncreas que no pueden ser resecados. Estos procedimientos implican una resección radical así como una importante pérdida de tejido pancreático normal que puede resultar en insuficiencia pancreática endocrina y/o exocrina. Objetivo: Reportar nuestra experiencia institucional con la pancreatectomía central para el tratamiento de tumores benignos y de bajo potencial maligno del cuello y cuerpo del páncreas enfatizando en las indicaciones y los resultados periperatorios. Métodos: Serie prospectiva a pacientes con sospecha de tumores benignos del cuerpo del páncreas. Técnica quirúrgica: Resección del páncreas central con anastomosis pancreatoyeyunal en Y de Roux. Resultados: Entre Marzo de 1997 y Mayo de 2005, 12 pacientes tuvieron pancreatectomía central con anastomosis pancreatoyeyunal. Hubo 6 tumores benignos de los islotes, 3 cistadenoma microquístico, un cistadenoma mucinoso, un tumor sólido pseudopapilar y un cistadenoma seroso. La morbilidad fue de 33.3 por ciento sin muertes post operatoria. Durante el seguimiento ningún paciente desarrolló insuficiencia pancreática. Conclusión: Algunos casos seleccionados de tumores benignos y de bajo potencial de malignidad pueden tratarse con pancreatectomía central y anastomosis pancreatoyeyunal con una morbilidad aceptable y mínima mortalidad. El beneficio de conservar la mayor cantidad de tejido pancreático sano se traduce en la conservación de la función exocrina y endocrina del páncreas.
Introduction: Proximal or distal pancreatectomy is the standard treatment for nonresectable benign pancreatic tumors. These procedures imply a radical resection as well as a significant loss of distal normal pancreatic tissue for the standard resection, which may cause an endocrine and/or exocrine pancreatic failure. Purpose: Report our experience in central pancreatectomy for the treatment of benign/low malignancy potential tumors in the body and neck of the pancreas by emphasizing the indications and perisurgical results. Methods: Prospective study of patients with suspected benign tumors in the body of pancreas. Surgical technique: Resection of central pancreas through a Roux-en-Y pancreatojejunal anastomosis. Results: From March 1997 to May 2005, 12 patients underwent central pancreatectomy through pancreatojejunal anastomosis. 6 benign tumors were found in the islets of Langerhans: 3 microcystic cystadenomas, 1 mucinous cystadenoma, 1 pseudopapillary solid tumor, and 1 serous cystadenoma. Morbidity rate was 33.3 per cent with no post-surgery deaths. Pancreatic failure was not reported during follow up. Conclusion: Some selected cases of benign/low malignancy potential tumors may be treated with central pancreatectomy and pancreatojejunal anastomosis with acceptable morbidity levels and minimum mortality levels. The benefit from preserving the greatest extension of healthy pancreatic tissue as possible is translated into a preservation of the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Pancreatectomia , PâncreasRESUMO
La colecistitis xantogranulomatosa (CX) es una rara variedad de colecistitis crónica, no reportada aún en nuestro medio, caracterizada por la presencia de infiltrado inflamatorio crónico, formación de granulomas no caseosos con fibrosis y severa reacción histiocitaria con macrófagos ricos en lípidos vacuolados de citoplasma amplio ("foam cells"). El presente estudio tiene como objeto describir y analizar los hallazgos clínicos, radiológicos, quirúrgicos y patológicos de 6 casos de colecistitis xantogranulomatosa que fueron identificados en una revisión retrospectiva de 191 historias clínicas de pacientes colecistectomizados con diagnóstico anatomopatológico de colecistitis crónica en nuestro departamento desde 1939 al 2004. La presentación clínica se caracterizó por presencia de masa palpable al examen físico y pérdida ponderal marcada. Tres presentaron cuadro de colecistitis aguda. Se presentaron complicaciones en dos pacientes. La apariencia vesicular a la ultrasonografía, tomografía y/o a la laparotomía fueron similares a un cáncer de vesícula localmente avanzado. No se identificó carcinoma de vesícula coexistente en ninguno de los especímenes. La vesícula se resecó en bloque con parénquima hepático adyacente en todos los casos y en un paciente se resecó además segmento colónico. La CX puede simular una neoplasia maligna hepatobiliar y obligar a un tratamiento quirúrgico oncológico acorde con ella. En casos de tumores de vesícula que podrían considerarse inoperables cabe la posibilidad de estar frente a una colecistitis xantogranulomatosa, una condición benigna manejable con tratamiento quirúrgico.
Assuntos
Adulto , Masculino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , ColecistiteRESUMO
Objetivo. Comparar la incidencia de fístula de la anastomosis esófago yeyunal realizada con sutura mecánica o con sutura manual. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 367 pacientes que tuvieron gastrectomía total por adenocarcinoma gástrico en el Instituto de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (Lima-Perú) entre enero 1986 y 1999. Estos pacientes se agruparon según la técnica de sutura empleada en la anastomosis esófago yeyunal en: sutura manual y sutura mecánica. Resultados: en 197 pacientes se empleó sutura mecánica y en 170 sutura manual. No se encontraron diferencias con respecto a edad, estadio TNM, tiempo operatorio, estancia hospitalaria. Hubieron 8 fístulas (4.1 por ciento) de la anastomosis esófago yeyunal en el grupo de sutura mecánica y 4 (2.4 por ciento) fístulas en el grupo de sutura manual (p>0.05). De estos 12 pacientes, 2 fallecieron como consecuencia de la fístula. Conclusión: No se encontró diferencia en la incidencia de fístula entre las anastomosis realizadas con sutura mecánica y sutura manual, por lo que ambas técnicas de sutura pueden considerarse como estándar para realizar esta anastomosis.