The Isolation and Structure Elucidation of Spirotetronate Lobophorins A, B, and H8 from Streptomyces sp. CB09030 and Their Biosynthetic Gene Cluster.

Lobophorins (LOBs) are a growing family of spirotetronate natural products with significant cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. Herein, we report the transwell-based discovery of Streptomyces sp. CB09030 from a panel of 16 in-house Streptomyces strains, which has significant anti-mycobacterial activity and produces LOB A (1), LOB B (2), and LOB H8 (3). Genome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses revealed the potential biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) for 1-3, which is highly homologous with the reported BGCs for LOBs. However, the glycosyltransferase LobG1 in S. sp. CB09030 has certain point mutations compared to the reported LobG1. Finally, LOB analogue 4 (O-ß-D-kijanosyl-(1→17)-kijanolide) was obtained through an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 2. Compounds 1-4 showed different antibacterial activities against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Bacillus subtilis, which revealed the varying roles of different sugars in their antibacterial activities.

[Laser ignition assisted spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy for element analysis of aluminum alloy with enhanced sensitivity].

The analytical performance of laser ignition assisted spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LI-SIBS) for the analysis of trace metal in aluminum alloy was reported in the present article. In order to improve the analytical performance of spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy, a low energy laser pulse was focused on the surface of the sample to produce plasma between discharge electrodes to trigger high voltage spark discharge. Under current geometrical arrangement, optimized discharge voltage and capacitance were determined, and copper in aluminum alloy was analyzed under optimized experimental condition. The limit of detection of copper in aluminum alloy was determined to be 0.7 ppm. Both signal stability and measurement accuracy for spark-induced breakdown spectroscopy were improved with the assistance of laser ignition. The discharge voltage could be reduced and the spatial resolution could be improved with the assistance of laser ignition at the same time. It was demonstrated that LI-SIBS has the characteristics of high sensitivity, good stability and better spatial resolution and is suitable for trace elements analysis in different alloys.

[Delivery of megawatts high energy laser pulse with large core diameter silica fiber and its application in dual-wavelength laser-ablation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy].

To resolve the contradiction between spatial resolution and analysis sensitivity in single pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a study on dual-wavelength laser-ablation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LA-LIBS) was carried out by using one Nd : YAG laser which was capable of two laser beam outputs with different wavelengths, where, the second harmonic output, 532 nm laser beam, was used as laser-ablation source, and the fundamental output, 1064 nm laser beam, was delivered with a large core diameter silica fiber to realize nanoseconds time-delay and then used to breakdown the ablated samples. Two laser beams were orthogonally arranged to realize element analysis with high spatial resolution and high sensitivity. Some key techniques on the coupling of 1064 nm laser beam into fiber, the collimation of laser at the fiber end and re-focusing of the laser beam were studied. The energy delivery capabilities of four fibers of different types were studied and the maximum values were determined experimentally. A Q-switched laser pulse with 15 mJ pulse energy was successfully delivered by selecting a 50 meter long silica fiber with 800 microm core diameter and 0. 39 numerical aperture. And 250 ns time-delay was realized. A copper alloy was analyzed by spectra with current established LA-LIBS system and the possibility of realizing dual-wavelength LA-LIBS analysis based on one Nd : YAG laser was demonstrated experimentally. In this technique, only one Nd: YAG laser was required to carry out spectral analysis. It has a few advantages, such as simple equipment structure, and being convenient to miniaturize the whole system etc. This dual-wavelength LA-LIBS technique was suitable for in-situ elements microanalysis for different samples with both high spatial resolution and high sensitivity.