Thermo-Sensitive Spikelet Defects 1 acclimatizes rice spikelet initiation and development to high temperature.

Crop reproductive development is vulnerable to heat stress, and the genetic modulation of thermotolerance during the reproductive phase, especially the early stage, remains poorly understood. We isolated a Poaceae-specific FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3)/FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1)family transcription factor, Thermo-sensitive Spikelet Defects 1 (TSD1), derived from transposase in rice (Oryza sativa) TSD1 was highly expressed in spikelets, induced by heat, and specifically enhanced the thermotolerance of spikelet morphogenesis. Disrupting TSD1 did not affect vegetative growth but markedly retarded spikelet initiation and development, as well as caused varying degrees of spikelet degeneration, depending on the temperature. Most tsd1 spikelets were normal at low temperature but gradually degenerated as temperature increased, and all disappeared at high temperature, leading to naked branches. TSD1 directly promoted the transcription of YABBY1 and YABBY3 and could physically interact with YABBY1 and three TOB proteins, YABBY5, YABBY4, and YABBY3. These YABBY proteins can form either homodimers or heterodimers and play an important role in spikelet morphogenesis, similar to TSD1. Notably, the knockout mutant yab5-ko and double mutant tsd1 yab5-ko resembled tsd1 in spikelet appearance and response to temperature, indicating that these genes likely participate in spikelet development through the cooperative TSD1-YABBY module. These findings reveal a distinctive function of FHY3/FAR1 family genes and a unique TSD1-YABBY complex to acclimate spikelet development to high temperature in rice, providing insight into the regulating pathway of enhancing thermotolerance in plant reproductive development.

Electrochemical benzylic deuteration of p-QMs enabling the synthesis of benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes.

Herein, electroreductive umpolung benzylic deuteration of p-QMs using cheap and easily accessible D2O as a deuterium source is reported. Various value-added benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes can be synthesized without the requirement of noble metal catalysts, redox reagents, and strong bases. The establishment of this protocol will provide an alternative strategy for acquiring benzylic deuterated diarylmethanes.

Identification of diverse sesquiterpenoids with anti-fibrotic potential from Inula japonica Thunb.

In the chemical investigation of Inula japonica, a total of 29 sesquiterpenoids (1-29) were obtained, including pseudoguaine-, xanthane-, eudesmane-, and 1,10-secoeudesmane-type compounds, as well as their dimers. Among them, six new dimeric sesquiterpenoids, bisinulains A-F (1-5, 7), characterized by a [4 + 2] biogenetic pathway between different sesquiterpenoid monomers were identified. Additionally, three new monomers named inulaterins A-C (13, 18 and 21) were discovered. The structures of these compounds were determined through analysis of spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallographic data, and ECD experiments. To assess their potential anti-inflammatory activities, the sesquiterpenoid dimers were tested for their ability to inhibit NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, the compounds that exhibited anti-inflammatory effects underwent evaluation for their anti-fibrotic potential using a TGF-ß-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition model in A549 cells. As a result, bisinulain B (2) was screened out to significantly inhibit the production of cytokines involved in pulmonary fibrosis such as NO, α-SMA, collagen I and fibronectin.

Enhanced hepatotoxicity in zebrafish due to co-exposure of microplastics and sulfamethoxazole: Insights into ROS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway regulation.

The combined pollution of microplastics (MPs) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) often occurs in aquatic ecosystems, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. However, little is known about the liver damage caused by the single or co-exposure of MPs and SMZ, and its specific mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of co-exposure to 20 µm or 80 nm MPs and SMZ in both larval and adult zebrafish models. Firstly, we observed a significant decrease in the number of hepatocytes and the liver damage in larval zebrafish worsened following co-exposure to SMZ and MPs. Additionally, the number of macrophages and neutrophils decreased, while the expression of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzyme activities increased after co-exposure in larval zebrafish. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant changes in gene expression in the co-exposed groups, particularly in processes related to oxidation-reduction, inflammatory response, and the MAPK signaling pathway in the liver of adult zebrafish. Co-exposure of SMZ and MPs also promoted hepatocyte apoptosis and inhibited proliferation levels, which was associated with the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and an increase in protein levels of Nrf2 and NF-kB p65 in the adult zebrafish. Furthermore, our pharmacological experiments demonstrated that inhibiting ROS and blocking the MAPK signaling pathway partially rescued the liver injury induced by co-exposure both in larval and adult zebrafish. In conclusion, our findings suggest that co-exposure to SMZ and MPs induces hepatic dysfunction through the ROS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway in zebrafish. This information provides novel insights into the potential environmental risk of MPs and hazardous pollutants co-existence in aquatic ecosystems.

Incarceration of the gravid uterus: Ultrasound diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes.

BACKGROUND: This research aims to summarize the ultrasound features and pregnancy outcomes of incarceration of the gravid uterus (IGU), providing a basis for clinical management. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on pregnant patients with IGU at Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in China, spanning from September 30, 2016, to May 31, 2024. Data on maternal age, parity, medical history, risk factors, gestational age, clinical manifestations, ultrasound examination, treatment methods, time, and method for terminating pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. We compared cases diagnosed before and after 20 gestational weeks. RESULTS: During the study period, 13 pregnant women were diagnosed with IGU, and 140 162 deliveries were recorded at our hospital. Two cases were referred from other hospitals and did not deliver in our hospital. Accordingly, the incidence of IGU was 0.08‰ (11/140, 162). The most prevalent risk factor for IGU was previous abdominal or pelvic surgery (61.54%, 8/13). Dysuria or even urinary retention was the primary symptom (38.46%, 5/13). Spontaneous resolution occurred in only one case (7.69%). All cases were detected using prenatal ultrasound examination with typical characteristics, including a retroverted uterus and the fundus located behind the cervix. No statistically significant differences between the two comparison groups were found in successful uterine reduction (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The definition of IGU should include symptomatic cases of any gestational age. Despite a low prevalence of this pregnancy complication, the overall prognosis of IGU is good. In the absence of severe symptoms, regular monitoring may be an option. Typical ultrasound imaging features enable a definitive diagnosis of IGU.

The OsWRKY72-OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module mediates reactive oxygen species scavenging to drive heterosis for salt tolerance in hybrid rice.

Hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) generally outperforms its inbred parents in yield and stress tolerance, a phenomenon termed heterosis, but the underlying mechanism is not completely understood. Here, we combined transcriptome, proteome, physiological, and heterosis analyses to examine the salt response of super hybrid rice Chaoyou1000 (CY1000). In addition to surpassing the mean values for its two parents (mid-parent heterosis), CY1000 exhibited a higher reactive oxygen species scavenging ability than both its parents (over-parent heterosis or heterobeltiosis). Nonadditive expression and allele-specific gene expression assays showed that the glutathione S-transferase gene OsGSTU26 and the amino acid transporter gene OsAAT30 may have major roles in heterosis for salt tolerance, acting in an overdominant fashion in CY1000. Furthermore, we identified OsWRKY72 as a common transcription factor that binds and regulates OsGSTU26 and OsAAT30. The salt-sensitive phenotypes were associated with the OsWRKY72paternal genotype or the OsAAT30maternal genotype in core rice germplasm varieties. OsWRKY72paternal specifically repressed the expression of OsGSTU26 under salt stress, leading to salinity sensitivity, while OsWRKY72maternal specifically repressed OsAAT30, resulting in salinity tolerance. These results suggest that the OsWRKY72-OsAAT30/OsGSTU26 module may play an important role in heterosis for salt tolerance in an overdominant fashion in CY1000 hybrid rice, providing valuable clues to elucidate the mechanism of heterosis for salinity tolerance in hybrid rice.

Intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to and prenatal ultrasound abnormal findings in the fetus of a pregnant woman with mild COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Whether intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 occurs remains uncertain, and it remains unclear whether the disease affects fetuses. We present a case of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the prenatal ultrasonographic findings of the fetus in a pregnant woman with mild COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for ultrasound examination in January 2023 at 26+ 3 weeks' gestation. Twenty-one days prior, her COVID-19 nucleic acid test was positive, and she had mild symptoms, including fever (38.3 °C), headache, chills, ankle pain and cough. After receiving symptomatic treatment, she fully recovered. Prenatal ultrasound revealed that the placenta was diffusely distributed with punctate echogenic foci, hepatomegaly, and the volume of bilateral lungs decreased significantly, with enhanced echo. In addition, we found that the surface of the fetal brain demonstrated widened gyri with a flattened surface. The prenatal MRI confirmed these fetal abnormalities. Amniotic fluid was tested for SARS-CoV-2, and the sample tested was positive for the virus. After careful consideration, the pregnant woman decided to terminate the pregnancy. CONCLUSION: The intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 is certain. Moreover, the intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 may cause abnormalities in various organs of the fetus.

Cross-sectional reference values of cerebral ventricle for Chinese neonates born at 25-41 weeks of gestation.

To establish the cross-sectional reference values of cerebral ventricular size for the Chinese newborns by the most correlated explanatory variables. The anterior horn width (AHW), thalamo-occipital distance (TOD), and ventricular index (VI) were collected prospectively from 1- to 7-day neonates without potential neurological problems. All neonates were delivered or treated at the Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital or Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University between February and August 2021. The most correlated explanatory variables were identified with the max-min normalization and multiple regression. The reference values were then established based on the above variables. Additionally, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were applied to evaluate the reliability of the overall data collection process. This prospective study consisted of 1848 neonates. The AHW was most highly correlated with GA; the TOD and VI were most strongly correlated with birth weight. All the foregoing correlations were positive ones. Heteroscedasticity and influential points existed in both TOD and VI. The ICCAHW was the largest to a specific rater or between raters, the ICCTOD the second largest, and the ICCVI the smallest. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend using the GA-based AHW reference values and birth weight-based TOD and VI ones. We also present a comparison of GA-based upper limits from all available reference intervals. Moreover, we determine that measurement errors are the primary cause of influential points and heteroscedasticity in TOD and VI studies and infer that the studies of TOD and VI are vulnerable to them. WHAT IS KNOWN: • Reference values of infantile cerebral ventricles are vital in diagnosing and treating cerebral ventricular dilatation. • Precursors established gestational age-based reference values subjectively. WHAT IS NEW: • We set cross-sectional reference values based on the most correlated variables for Chinese neonates and compared all available gestational age-based upper limits. • Influential points and heteroscedasticity mainly caused by measurement errors are common in TOD and VI studies.

Target Enzyme-Activated Two-Photon Fluorescent Probes: A Case Study of CYP3A4 Using a Two-Dimensional Design Strategy.

The rapid development of fluorescent probes for monitoring target enzymes is still a great challenge owing to the lack of efficient ways to optimize a specific fluorophore. Herein, a practical two-dimensional strategy was designed for the development of an isoform-specific probe for CYP3A4, a key cytochrome P450 isoform responsible for the oxidation of most clinical drugs. In first dimension of the design strategy, a potential two-photon fluorescent substrate (NN) for CYP3A4 was effectively selected using ensemble-based virtual screening. In the second dimension, various substituent groups were introduced into NN to optimize the isoform-selectivity and reactivity. Finally, with ideal selectivity and sensitivity, NEN was successfully applied to the real-time detection of CYP3A4 in living cells and zebrafish. These findings suggested that our strategy is practical for developing an isoform-specific probe for a target enzyme.

Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Its Bioimaging Applications in Living Cells and Animals.

Visualization of endogenous disease-associated enzymes is of great clinical significance, as it could allow earlier clinical diagnosis and timely intervention. Herein, we first synthesized and characterized an enzyme-activatable near-infrared fluorescent probe, GP-DM, for determining the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), which is associated with various pathological processes, especially in diabetes and malignant tumors. GP-DM emitted significant turn-on NIR fluorescent signals simultaneously in response to DPP IV, making it favorable for accurately and dynamically monitoring DPP IV activity in vitro and in vivo. GP-DM exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity in DPP IV imaging, as indicated by its higher catalytic activity than other human serine hydrolases and by its strong anti-interference ability to a complex biological matrix, which was fully characterized in a series of phenotyping reactions and inhibition assays. Encouraged by the advantages mentioned above, we successfully used GP-DM to evaluate endogenous DPP IV activity in various biological samples (plasma and tissue preparations) and living tumor cells and performed real-time in vivo bioimaging of DPP IV in zebrafish and tumor-bearing nude mice. All of the results reflected and highlighted the potential application value of GP-DM in the early detection of pathologies, individual tailoring of drug therapy, and image-guided tumor resection. Furthermore, our results revealed that DPP IV, a key target enzyme, is closely associated with the migration and proliferation of cancer cells and regulating the biological activity of DPP IV may be a useful approach for cancer therapy.

Cytotoxic ent-Abietane-type diterpenoids from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata.

Euphoroids A-C (1-3), three new ent-abietane-type diterpenoids, together with ten known analogues (4-13) were obtained from the roots of Euphorbia ebracteolata. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic data analysis, including UV, HRESIMS, 1D-, and 2D-NMR data. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1-13 on human cancer cells were determined using the MTT assay. The results revealed that new compounds 2 and 3 showed moderate cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines. Especially, compound 3 displayed selective cytotoxic effect agains cancer cell lines.

Human transporters, PEPT1/2, facilitate melatonin transportation into mitochondria of cancer cells: An implication of the therapeutic potential.

Melatonin is present in virtually all organisms from bacteria to mammals, and it exhibits a broad spectrum of biological functions, including synchronization of circadian rhythms and oncostatic activity. Several functions of melatonin are mediated by its membrane receptors, but others are receptor-independent. For the latter, melatonin is required to penetrate membrane and enters intracellular compartments. However, the mechanism by which melatonin enters cells remains debatable. In this study, it was identified that melatonin and its sulfation metabolites were the substrates of oligopeptide transporter (PEPT) 1/2 and organic anion transporter (OAT) 3, respectively. The docking analysis showed that the binding of melatonin to PEPT1/2 was attributed to their low binding energy and suitable binding conformation in which melatonin was embedded in the active site of PEPT1/2 and fitted well with the cavity in three-dimensional space. PEPT1/2 transporters play a pivotal role in melatonin uptake in cells. Melatonin's membrane transportation via PEPT1/2 renders its oncostatic effect in malignant cells. For the first time, PEPT1/2 were identified to localize in the mitochondrial membrane of human cancer cell lines of PC3 and U118. PEPT1/2 facilitated the transportation of melatonin into mitochondria. Melatonin accumulation in mitochondria induced apoptosis of PC3 and U118 cells. Thus, PEPT1/2 can potentially be used as a cancer cell-targeted melatonin delivery system to improve the therapeutic effects of melatonin in cancer treatment.

[Status analysis on child neglect of rural pupils aged 6-11 year-old in China].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze pupils' neglect status aged 6-11 years in China's rural. METHODS: According to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, to extract 7,943 pupils aged 6-11 years for the survey from 56 primary schools in 28 counties in nine provinces, from December 2012 to March 2013. Proceed questionnaire survey by the scale from "Neglect Evaluation Norms for pupils aged 6-8 years in Rural Areas of China" and "Neglect Evaluation Norms for pupils aged 9-11 years in Rural Areas of China". And analyze neglect rates and neglect degrees of the different grades, gender, family types and different levels of neglect. RESULTS: The total neglect rate of China's rural pupils aged 6-8 and 9-11 years was 40.2% (1,258/3,130) and 42.5% (1,498/3,526) respectively, which differences had no statistical significant (χ2=3.59, P=0.058); the total neglect degree was 46.04±8.87 and 44.78±10.43 respectively, which differences had statistical significant (t=5.01, P<0.001); the differences of neglect rates and neglect degrees between male (41.4% (657/1,587) and 46.28±8.76) and female (39.0% (601/1,543) and 45.78±8.97) of aged 6-8 were all no statistical significant (χ2=1.87, P=0.171; t=1.49, P=0.136); the neglect rates and neglect degrees of male (46.3% (816/1,763) and 45.53±10.11) were higher than female (38.7% (682/1,763) and 44.06±10.69) in the group of aged 9-11, which differences were all statistical significant (χ2=20.84, t=3.97, P<0.001); the male neglect rate in the group of aged 6-8 in social neglect (11.7% (198/1,691)) and the neglect degree in educational neglect (48.09±9.70) were higher than female (9.4% (155/1,648) and 47.37±9.89), which differences were all statistical significance (χ2=14.55, P<0.001, t=2.22, P=0.026), the male neglect rate in the group of aged 9-11 in physical neglect (20.4% (398/1,954)) was higher than female (16.7% (326/1 957)), which differences had statistical significance (χ2=8.92, P=0.003). CONCLUSION: The neglect status of Chinese pupils aged 6-11 years in rural was serious, and we should find out risk factors and provide efficient prevention measures.

[Development of Neglect Evaluation Scale for primary school students aged 6-11 years old in rural areas of China].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a standard Neglect Evaluation Scale which is suitable for rural primary school students in China. METHODS: According to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, a field investigation was conducted among primary school students in 28 counties from 7 provinces and 2 municipalities. The questionnaires were self-designed, and determined by multiple rounds of pilots and revisions. Among 5 862 students, 2 792 (6-8 years' old) and 3 070 (9-11 years' old) were investigated by using two kinds of Neglect Evaluation questionnaires, respectively. After project analysis, factor analysis, reliability and validity analysis, the reliability and stability of the scale were tested. Then percentile method was used to determine the evaluation standard to develop and finalize the formal scale. RESULTS: The numbers of the remaining items for 6-8 year-old group and 9-11 year-old group is 69 and 58, respectively, both of which contain six levels of neglect, including body, emotion, health care, education, security, and society. 4 times of factor analysis were conducted in both of the two groups. The factor loadings in these two groups were 0.290-0.700 and 0.276-0.729 respectively. Reliability test results showed that the two kinds of scales' Cronbach alpha coefficient were 0.924 and 0.929 respectively, split-half reliability were 0.891 and 0.904 respectively, the retest reliability were 0.559 and 0.892 respectively, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The retest reliability among 6-8 year-old group in medical neglect level had no statistical significance, but was close to the cut-off point (P = 0.054). The test results of external validity indicated that both of the two scales could reflect the neglect status of the subjects (P < 0.05), but the subjective and objective evaluation towards neglect were not consistent. The cut-off points for judging whether the children were neglected or not among 6-8 year-old and 9-11 year-old groups were 159 and 137 respectively; and the adjusted values were 160 and 135 respectively. CONCLUSION: The two norm scales developed by this study showed good discriminability, reliability, validity, and stability. The norms developed on the basis of the scales was suitable for the situation of rural students in primary schools in China.

Electroreductive Arylcarboxylation of Styrenes with CO2 and Aryl Halides via a Radical-Polar Crossover Mechanism.

2,3-Diaryl propanoic acids are important structures as a result of their widespread presence in numerous bioactive compounds. However, the limitations of existing synthetic techniques include the requirement for costly catalysts and limited substrates. Here, we developed a novel electroreductive arylcarboxylation of alkenes with CO2 based on a radical-polar crossover pathway assisted by easily accessible dimethyl terephthalate as a reductive mediator. This method will provide an efficient strategy for the synthesis of 2,3-diarylpropanoic acids.

Automatic measurement of fetal anterior neck lower jaw angle in nuchal translucency scans.

This study aims at suggesting an end-to-end algorithm based on a U-net-optimized generative adversarial network to predict anterior neck lower jaw angles (ANLJA), which are employed to define fetal head posture (FHP) during nuchal translucency (NT) measurement. We prospectively collected 720 FHP images (half hyperextension and half normal posture) and regarded manual measurement as the gold standard. Seventy percent of the FHP images (half hyperextension and half normal posture) were used to fit models, and the rest to evaluate them in the hyperextension group, normal posture group (NPG), and total group. The root mean square error, explained variation, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were utilized for the validity assessment; the two-sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Bland-Altman plot, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the reliability evaluation. Our suggested algorithm outperformed all the competitors in all groups and indices regarding validity, except for the MAPE, where the Inception-v3 surpassed ours in the NPG. The two-sample t test and Mann-Whitney U test indicated no significant difference between the suggested method and the gold standard in group-level comparison. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant differences between our new approach and the gold standard in personal-level comparison. All points in Bland-Altman plots fell between the upper and lower limits of agreement. The inter-ICCs of ultrasonographers, our proposed algorithm, and its opponents were graded good reliability, good or moderate reliability, and moderate or poor reliability, respectively. Our proposed approach surpasses the competition and is as reliable as manual measurement.

Electroreductive Cross-Coupling between Aromatic Aldehydes and Chlorosilanes Enabling the Synthesis of α-Silyl Alcohols.

α-Silyl alcohols are powerful structural motifs for pharmaceutical chemistry, materials chemistry, and organic synthesis. The limitations of current synthetic techniques encompass a requirement for difficult-to-obtain silyl precursors, noble-metal catalysts, and narrow substrate scopes. Here, we developed a general synthetic method for α-silyl alcohols through electroreductive cross-coupling of aldehydes and chlorosilane. This method features easily available reagents, mild conditions, and a wide substrate scope. The establishment of this protocol will provide an alternative for access to α-silyl alcohols.

High-level feature-guided attention optimized neural network for neonatal lateral ventricular dilatation prediction.

BACKGROUND: Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage can lead to posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation or even posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus if not detected promptly. Sequential cranial ultrasound scans are typically used for their diagnoses. Nonetheless, manual image audit has numerous disadvantages. PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a predictive model utilizing modified inception (MI) and high-level feature-guided attention (HFA) modules for predicting neonatal lateral ventricular dilation via ultrasound images. METHODS: The MI modules reduced input data sizes and dimensions, while the HFA modules effectively delved into semantic information through supervision from high-level feature images to low-level feature images. The process facilitated the accurate identification of dilated lateral ventricles. A total of 710 neonates, corresponding to 1420 lateral ventricles, were recruited in this study. Each lateral ventricle was captured in two images, one on the parasagittal plane and the other on the coronal plane. The combination of anterior horn width, ventricular index, thalamo-occipital distance, and ventricular height served as the gold standard. A lateral ventricle would be considered dilatated if any of these four indices exceeded its upper reference value. These lateral ventricles were randomly split into training and testing sets at a 7:3 ratio. We evaluated the validity of our proposed approach and its competitors across the coronal plane, parasagittal plane, and overall performance. We also determined the impact of subjects' baseline characteristics on the overall performance of the proposed approach. Additionally, ablation analyses were conducted to ensure the efficacy of the proposed approach. RESULTS: Our proposed approach achieved the largest Youden index (0.65, 95% CI: 0.58-0.72), DOR (27.11, 95% CI: 15.89-46.26), area under curves (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) (0.84, 95% CI: 0.80-0.88), and AUC of precision-recall curve (PRC) (0.81, 95% CI: 0.74-0.86) in the overall performance assessment and ablation analyses. Moreover, it boasted the biggest Cramer's V values on the coronal (Cramer's V = 0.488, p < 0.001) and parasagittal (Cramer's V = 0.713, p < 0.001) planes individually. Factors such as left side, male sex, singleton birth, and vaginal delivery were positively correlated with higher performance regarding the proposed algorithm, except for the gestational age. CONCLUSION: This work provides a novel attention optimized algorithm for rapid and accurate ventricular dilatation predictions. It surpasses the traditional algorithms in terms of validity whether concerning the coronal plane, parasagittal plane, or overall performance. The overall performance of algorithms will be influenced by the baseline characteristics of populations.

Subchronic co-exposure of polystyrene nanoplastics and 3-BHA significantly aggravated the reproductive toxicity of ovaries and uterus in female mice.

Both nanoplastics (NPs) and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (3-BHA) are environmental contaminants that can bio-accumulate through the food chain. However, the combined effects of which on mammalian female reproductive system remain unclear. Here, the female ICR-CD1 mice were used to evaluate the damage effects of ovaries and uterus after NPs and 3-BHA co-treatment for 35 days. Firstly, co-exposure significantly reduced the body weight and organ index of ovaries and uterus in mice. Secondly, combined effects of NPs and 3-BHA exacerbated the histopathological abnormalities to the ovaries and uterus and decreased female sex hormones such as FSH and LH while increased antioxidant activities including CAT and GSH-Px. Moreover, the apoptotic genes, inflammatory cytokines and the key reproductive development genes such as FSTL1 were significantly up-regulated under co-exposure conditions. Thirdly, through transcriptional and bioinformatics analysis, immunofluorescence and western blotting assays, together with molecular docking simulation, we determined that co-exposure up-regulated the FSTL1, TGF-ß and p-Smad1/5/9 but down-regulated the expression of BMP4. Finally, the pharmacological rescue experiments further demonstrated that co-exposure of NPs and 3-BHA mainly exacerbated the female reproductive toxicity through FSTL1-mediated BMP4/TGF-ß/SMAD signaling pathway. Taken together, our studies provided the theoretical basis of new environmental pollutants on the reproductive health in female mammals.