Impact of renal failure on in-hospital outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a predictor of increased mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics and predictors of increased mortality in the CKD population submitted to CABG. To compare in-hospital outcomes between patients with and without CKD, and with and without development of acute renal failure (ARF). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of all isolated CABG performed in a single public tertiary hospital from 1999 to 2007. CKD was considered when creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl. Clinical characteristics, mortality and post-operative complications were evaluated according to renal function. RESULTS: Of 3,890 patients, 362 (9.3%) had CKD. This population was older, presented grater prevalence of hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, previous stroke, peripheral vascular disease and three-vessel disease. In-hospital outcomes revealed greater incidence of stroke (5.5% vs 2.1%), atrial fibrillation (16 vs 8.3%), low cardiac ouput syndrome (14.4% vs 8.5%), longer stay in intensive care unit (4.04 vs 2.83 days), and greater mortality (10.5% vs 3.8%). Logistic regression: female gender, smoking, diabetes and peripheral vascular disease were associated with higher in-hospital mortality within the CKD group. Patients who did not develop post-operative ARF presented 3.5% mortality; non-dialytic ARF: 35.4%; dialytic ARF: 66.7% mortality. Mortality was directly related to the stage of CKD, according to glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION: CKD patients submitted to CABG represent a high risk population, with increased incidence of complications and mortality. Post-operative ARF is a strong in-hospital mortality predictor. Glomerular filtration rate was inversely related to mortality.

Impacto da disfunção renal na evolução intra-hospitalar após cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica / Impact of renal failure on in-hospital outcomes after coronary artery bypass surgery

FUNDAMENTO: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um marcador de mortalidade na cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM). OBJETIVO: Avaliar em pacientes com DRC submetidos a CRM as características clínicas e os marcadores de morbimortalidade hospitalar; comparar a evolução intra-hospitalar entre os grupos com e sem DRC, e com e sem desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA). MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas as CRM isoladas realizadas num hospital público cardiológico de 1999 a 2007. Considerado disfunção renal quando creatinina > 1,5 mg/dl. Avaliaram-se características clínicas, mortalidade e complicações pós-operatórias conforme a função renal. RESULTADOS: De 3.890 pacientes, 362 (9,3 por cento) tinham DRC. Esse grupo apresentava idade mais avançada, maior prevalência de hipertensão, disfunção ventricular esquerda, acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) prévio, doença arterial periférica e triarteriais. No pós-operatório, apresentou maior incidência de AVE (5,5 por cento vs 2,1 por cento), fibrilação atrial (16 vs 8,3 por cento), síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco (14,4 por cento vs 8,5 por cento), maior tempo de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva (4,04 vs 2,83 dias), e maior mortalidade intra-hospitalar (10,5 por cento vs 3,8 por cento). Sexo feminino, tabagismo, diabete e doença vascular periférica e/ou carotídea associaram-se com maior mortalidade no grupo DRC. Pacientes que não desenvolveram IRA pós-operatória apresentaram 3,5 por cento de mortalidade; grupo IRA não dialítica: 35,4 por cento; grupo IRA dialítica: 66,7 por cento. Calculando-se a taxa de filtração glomerular, observou-se aumento da mortalidade conforme o aumento da classe da DRC. CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com DRC submetidos a CRM constituem população de elevado risco, apresentando maior morbimortalidade. IRA pós-operatória é importante marcador de mortalidade. A taxa de filtração glomerular foi inversamente relacionada com mortalidade.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a predictor of increased mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics and predictors of increased mortality in the CKD population submitted to CABG. To compare in-hospital outcomes between patients with and without CKD, and with and without development of acute renal failure (ARF). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of all isolated CABG performed in a single public tertiary hospital from 1999 to 2007. CKD was considered when creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl. Clinical characteristics, mortality and post-operative complications were evaluated according to renal function. RESULTS: Of 3,890 patients, 362 (9.3 percent) had CKD. This population was older, presented grater prevalence of hypertension, left ventricular dysfunction, previous stroke, peripheral vascular disease and three-vessel disease. In-hospital outcomes revealed greater incidence of stroke (5.5 percent vs 2.1 percent), atrial fibrillation (16 vs 8.3 percent), low cardiac ouput syndrome (14.4 percent vs 8.5 percent), longer stay in intensive care unit (4.04 vs 2.83 days), and greater mortality (10.5 percent vs 3.8 percent). Logistic regression: female gender, smoking, diabetes and peripheral vascular disease were associated with higher in-hospital mortality within the CKD group. Patients who did not develop post-operative ARF presented 3.5 percent mortality; non-dialytic ARF: 35.4 percent; dialytic ARF: 66.7 percent mortality. Mortality was directly related to the stage of CKD, according to glomerular filtration rate. CONCLUSION: CKD patients submitted to CABG represent a high risk population, with increased incidence of complications and mortality. Post-operative ARF is a strong in-hospital mortality predictor. Glomerular filtration rate was inversely related to mortality.