RESUMO
Evidence suggests that Helicobacter pylori plays a role in gastric cancer (GC) initiation. However, epidemiologic studies on the specific role of other bacteria in the development of GC are lacking. We conducted a case-control study of 89 cases with gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) and 89 matched controls who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at three sites affiliated with NYU Langone Health. We performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing using oral wash samples from 89 case-control pairs and antral mucosal brushing samples from 55 case-control pairs. We examined the associations of relative abundances of bacterial taxa and functional pathways with IM using conditional logistic regression with and without elastic-net penalty. Compared with controls, oral species Peptostreptococcus stomatis, Johnsonella ignava, Neisseria elongata and Neisseria flavescens were enriched in cases (odds ratios [ORs] = 1.29-1.50, P = .004-.01) while Lactobacillus gasseri, Streptococcus mutans, S parasanguinis and S sanguinis were under-represented (ORs = 0.66-0.76, P = .006-.042) in cases. Species J ignava and Filifactor alocis in the gastric microbiota were enriched (ORs = 3.27 and 1.43, P = .005 and .035, respectively), while S mutans, S parasanguinis and S sanguinis were under-represented (ORs = 0.61-0.75, P = .024-.046), in cases compared with controls. The lipopolysaccharide and ubiquinol biosynthesis pathways were more abundant in IM, while the sugar degradation pathways were under-represented in IM. The findings suggest potential roles of certain oral and gastric microbiota, which are correlated with regulation of pathways associated with inflammation, in the development of gastric precancerous lesions.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/etiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiologia , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Metagenômica , Metaplasia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The myeloid differentiation factor Schlafen4 (Slfn4) marks a subset of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the stomach during Helicobacter-induced spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM). OBJECTIVE: To identify the gene products expressed by Slfn4+-MDSCs and to determine how they promote SPEM. DESIGN: We performed transcriptome analyses for both coding genes (mRNA by RNA-Seq) and non-coding genes (microRNAs using NanoString nCounter) using flow-sorted SLFN4+ and SLFN4- cells from Helicobacter-infected mice exhibiting metaplasia at 6 months postinfection. Thioglycollate-elicited myeloid cells from the peritoneum were cultured and treated with IFNα to induce the T cell suppressor phenotype, expression of MIR130b and SLFN4. MIR130b expression in human gastric tissue including gastric cancer and patient sera was determined by qPCR and in situ hybridisation. Knockdown of MiR130b in vivo in Helicobacter-infected mice was performed using Invivofectamine. Organoids from primary gastric cancers were used to generate xenografts. ChIP assay and Western blots were performed to demonstrate NFκb p65 activation by MIR130b. RESULTS: MicroRNA analysis identified an increase in MiR130b in gastric SLFN4+ cells. Moreover, MIR130b colocalised with SLFN12L, a human homologue of SLFN4, in gastric cancers. MiR130b was required for the T-cell suppressor phenotype exhibited by the SLFN4+ cells and promoted Helicobacter-induced metaplasia. Treating gastric organoids with the MIR130b mimic induced epithelial cell proliferation and promoted xenograft tumour growth. CONCLUSION: Taken together, MiR130b plays an essential role in MDSC function and supports metaplastic transformation.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas , Animais , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Interferon-alfa/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Células Supressoras Mieloides/metabolismo , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologiaRESUMO
Chinese American immigrants are at increased risk for Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach cancer. Despite their increased risk, very few prevention strategies exist which target this vulnerable population. The purpose of this article is to present the stakeholder engaged development, review, assessment, refinement, and finalization of a H. pylori treatment adherence and stomach cancer prevention curriculum specifically designed to engage vulnerable, limited English proficient Chinese Americans in New York City.
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Currículo , Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Educação em Saúde , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Adesão à Medicação , Neoplasias Gástricas/prevenção & controle , Asiático , Helicobacter pylori , Humanos , Cidade de Nova Iorque , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , TraduçãoRESUMO
Microorganisms in humans form complex communities with important functions and differences in each part of the body. The stomach was considered to be a sterile organ until the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, but nowadays, it is possible to demonstrate that other microorganisms beyond H. pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa and that the diverse microbiota ecosystem of the stomach is different from the mouth and the esophagus, and also from the small intestine and large intestine. H. pylori seems to be the most important member of the gastric microbiota with the highest relative abundance when present, but when it is absent, the stomach has a diverse microbiota. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria are the most abundant phyla in both H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients. The gastric commensal flora may play some role in the H. pylori-associated carcinogenicity, and differences in the gastric microbiota composition of patients with gastric cancer, intestinal metaplasia, and chronic gastritis are described. The gastric microbiota changed gradually from non-atrophic gastritis to intestinal metaplasia, and to gastric cancer (type intestinal).
Assuntos
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/fisiologia , Gastropatias/microbiologia , Estômago/microbiologia , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Progressão da Doença , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Humanos , Estômago/patologia , Gastropatias/metabolismo , Gastropatias/patologiaRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori is the most abundant bacterium in the gastric epithelium, and its presence has been associated with the risk of developing gastric cancer. As of 15 years ago, no other bacteria were associated with gastric epithelial colonization; but thanks to new methodologies, many other non-H. pylori bacteria have been identified. It is possible that non-H. pylori may have a significant role in the development of gastric cancer. Here, we discuss the specific role of H. pylori as a potential trigger for events that may be conducive to gastric cancer, and consider whether or not the rest of the gastric microbiota represent an additional risk in the development of this disease.
Assuntos
Mucosa Gástrica/microbiologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Neoplasias Gástricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
Helicobacter pylori persistently colonizes the human stomach, with mixed roles in human health. The CagA protein, a key host-interaction factor, is translocated by a type IV secretion system into host epithelial cells, where its EPIYA tyrosine phosphorylation motifs (TPMs) are recognized by host cell kinases, leading to multiple host cell signaling cascades. The CagA TPMs have been described as type A, B, C or D, each with a specific conserved amino acid sequence surrounding EPIYA. Database searching revealed strong non-random distribution of the B-motifs (including EPIYA and EPIYT) in Western H. pylori isolates. In silico analysis of Western H. pylori CagA sequences provided evidence that the EPIYT B-TPMs are significantly less associated with gastric cancer than the EPIYA B-TPMs. By generating and using a phosphorylated CagA B-TPM-specific antibody, we demonstrated the phosphorylated state of the CagA B-TPM EPIYT during H. pylori co-culture with host cells. We also showed that within host cells, CagA interaction with phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) was B-TPM tyrosine-phosphorylation-dependent, and the recombinant CagA with EPIYT B-TPM had higher affinity to PI3-kinase and enhanced induction of AKT than the isogenic CagA with EPIYA B-TPM. Structural modeling of the CagA B-TPM motif bound to PI3-kinase indicated that the threonine residue at the pY+1 position forms a side-chain hydrogen bond to N-417 of PI3-kinase, which cannot be formed by alanine. During co-culture with AGS cells, an H. pylori strain with a CagA EPIYT B-TPM had significantly attenuated induction of interleukin-8 and hummingbird phenotype, compared to the isogenic strain with B-TPM EPIYA. These results suggest that the A/T polymorphisms could regulate CagA activity through interfering with host signaling pathways related to carcinogenesis, thus influencing cancer risk.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Células Epiteliais/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Linhagem Celular , Técnicas de Cocultura , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/genética , Humanos , Immunoblotting , Imunoprecipitação , FosforilaçãoRESUMO
To better characterize murine intestinal microbiota, a large number (187) of Gram-positive-staining, rod- and coccoid-shaped, and facultatively or strictly anaerobic bacteria were isolated from small and large intestinal contents from mice. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, a total 115 isolates formed three phylogenetically distinct clusters located within the family Erysipelotrichaceae. Group 1, as represented by strain NYU-BL-A3T, was most closely related to Allobaculum stercoricanis, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 87.7â%. A second group, represented by NYU-BL-A4T, was most closely related to Faecalibaculum rodentium, with 86.6â% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. A third group had a nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequence (99.9â%) compared with the recently described Faecalibaculum rodentium, also recovered from a laboratory mouse; however, this strain had a few differences in biochemical characteristics, which are detailed in an emended description. The predominant (>10â%) cellular fatty acids of strain NYU-BL-A3T were C16â:â0 and C18â:â0, and those of strain NYU-BL-A4T were C10â:â0, C16â:â0, C18â:â0 and C18â:â1ω9c. The two groups could also be distinguished by multiple biochemical reactions, with the group represented by NYU-BL-A4T being considerably more active. Based on phylogenetic, biochemical and chemotaxonomic criteria, two novel genera are proposed, Ileibacterium valens gen. nov., sp. nov. with NYU-BL-A3T (=ATCC TSD-63T=DSM 103668T) as the type strain and Dubosiella newyorkensis gen. nov., sp. nov. with NYU-BL-A4T (=ATCC TSD-64T=DSM 103457T) as the type strain.
Assuntos
Faecalibacterium/classificação , Intestinos/microbiologia , Camundongos/microbiologia , Filogenia , Tenericutes/classificação , Animais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Composição de Bases , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Ácidos Graxos/química , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Tenericutes/genética , Tenericutes/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia (PE), small for gestational age (SGA), and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) each may be complications of impaired placental function in pregnancy. Although their exact pathogenesis is still unknown, certain infectious agents seem to play a role. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization has been associated with increased risk for PE. Our aim was to assess the association between H. pylori colonization and PE, SGA, and PTB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We measured IgG anti-H. pylori and CagA antibodies in serum of pregnant women (median 20.5 weeks, range 16.5-29.4) who participated in a population-based prospective cohort study. Delivery and medical records were assessed. Information on demographics, education, and maternal risk factors was collected by questionnaire. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess associations between H. pylori colonization and PE, SGA, and PTB. RESULTS: In total, 6348 pregnant women were assessed. H. pylori positivity was found in 2915 (46%) women, of whom 1023 (35%) also were CagA-positive. Pregnancy was complicated by PE, SGA, or PTB in 927 (15%) women. H. pylori colonization was associated with PE (aOR 1.51; 95%CI 1.03-2.25). Differentiation according to CagA status revealed the same risk. H. pylori was positively related with SGA, mainly explained by CagA-positive strains (aOR 1.34; 1.04-1.71). No association was observed between H. pylori and PTB. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that H. pylori colonization may be a risk factor for PE and SGA. If these associations are confirmed by future studies and shown to be causal, H. pylori eradication may reduce related perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional , Pré-Eclâmpsia/epidemiologia , Nascimento Prematuro/epidemiologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Feminino , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Humanos , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Highly virulent strains of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori encode a type IV secretion system (T4SS) that delivers the effector protein CagA into gastric epithelial cells. Translocated CagA undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation by members of the oncogenic c-Src and c-Abl host kinases at EPIYA-sequence motifs A, B and D in East Asian-type strains. These phosphorylated EPIYA-motifs serve as recognition sites for various SH2-domains containing human proteins, mediating interactions of CagA with host signaling factors to manipulate signal transduction pathways. Recognition of phospho-CagA is mainly based on the use of commercial pan-phosphotyrosine antibodies that were originally designed to detect phosphotyrosines in mammalian proteins. Specific anti-phospho-EPIYA antibodies for each of the three sites in CagA are not forthcoming. RESULTS: This study was designed to systematically analyze the detection preferences of each phosphorylated East Asian CagA EPIYA-motif by pan-phosphotyrosine antibodies and to determine a minimal recognition sequence. We synthesized phospho- and non-phosphopeptides derived from each predominant EPIYA-site, and determined the recognition patterns by seven different pan-phosphotyrosine antibodies using Western blotting, and also investigated representative East Asian H. pylori isolates during infection. The results indicate that a total of only 9-11 amino acids containing the phosphorylated East Asian EPIYA-types are required and sufficient to detect the phosphopeptides with high specificity. However, the sequence recognition by the different antibodies was found to bear high variability. From the seven antibodies used, only four recognized all three phosphorylated EPIYA-motifs A, B and D similarly well. Two of the phosphotyrosine antibodies preferentially bound primarily to the phosphorylated motif A and D, while the seventh antibody failed to react with any of the phosphorylated EPIYA-motifs. Control experiments confirmed that none of the antibodies reacted with non-phospho-CagA peptides and in accordance were able to recognize phosphotyrosine proteins in human cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study disclose the various binding preferences of commercial anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies for phospho-EPIYA-motifs, and are valuable in the application for further characterization of CagA phosphorylation events during infection with H. pylori and risk prediction for gastric disease development.
Assuntos
Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Fosfotirosina/imunologia , Motivos de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Anticorpos/química , Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/química , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Antígenos de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular , Mucosa Gástrica/metabolismo , Infecções por Helicobacter/imunologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/metabolismo , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Helicobacter pylori/metabolismo , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fosforilação , Fosfotirosina/isolamento & purificação , Fosfotirosina/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Transdução de Sinais , Estômago/microbiologia , Estômago/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Sistemas de Secreção Tipo IVRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated an association between antibiotic use and the development of skin abscesses. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in the composition of the cutaneous microbiota may predispose individuals to skin abscesses. METHODS: We studied 25 patients with skin abscesses and 25 age-matched controls, who each completed a questionnaire. Skin swab samples were obtained for DNA analysis from 4 sites around the abscess site (hereafter, "peri-abscess specimens") and from similar sites on the patient's contralateral side and on healthy control subjects. DNA was extracted and analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing. The purulent abscess drainage was sent for culture. RESULTS: Fifteen patients with abscess were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Use of nuc qPCR to quantitate S. aureus revealed a significantly greater frequency of positive results for peri-abscess and contralateral skin samples, compared with control skin specimens. Analysis of community structure showed greater heterogeneity in the control samples than in the peri-abscess and contralateral samples. Metagenomic analysis detected significantly more predicted genes related to metabolic activity in the peri-abscess specimens than in the control samples. CONCLUSIONS: The peri-abscess microbiome was similar to the contralateral microbiome, but both microbiomes differed from that for control patients. Host characteristics affecting microbial populations might be important determinants of abscess risk.
Assuntos
Abscesso/diagnóstico , Microbiota , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Pele/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Masculino , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori colonisation rates in childhood have declined in Western populations, but it is unknown whether this trend is similar in children of non-Western ethnic backgrounds, born in a Western country. We aimed to identify H. pylori status in children, and determine mother-to-child transmission and risk factors for colonisation. DESIGN: Antibodies against H. pylori and cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) were measured in children participating in a population-based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Information on demographics and characteristics was collected using questionnaires. RESULTS: We analysed the serum of 4467 children (mean age 6.2â years±0.4 SD) and compared the results with the H. pylori status of their mothers (available for 3185 children). Overall, 438 (10%) children were H. pylori-positive, of whom 142 (32%) were CagA-positive. Independent risk factors for colonisation were: maternal H. pylori positivity (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.62 to 2.77), non-Dutch ethnicity (OR 2.05; 95% CI 1.54 to 2.73), female gender (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.20 to 1.80) and lower maternal education level (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.79). Comparing mothers and children, we found an intergenerational decrease of 76% and 77% for Hp(+)CagA(-) and Hp(+)CagA(+)-strains, respectively, consistent across all nine ethnic groups studied. Male gender, higher maternal educational level and no older siblings, were independently associated with absence of H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS: Although the highest H. pylori and CagA prevalence was found in children of non-Dutch ethnicities, the decreased colonisation rates were uniform across all ethnic groups, implying the importance of environmental factors in H. pylori transmission in modern cities, independent of ethnicity.
Assuntos
Etnicidade/etnologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/etnologia , População Urbana , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Gastric Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and colorectal polyps are more prevalent in African Americans than in the general population. We aimed to investigate whether gastric H. pylori infection is associated with colorectal polyps in African Americans. METHODS: Medical records of African Americans, 40 years and older (n = 1256) who underwent bidirectional gastrointestinal endoscopy on the same day were reviewed. H. pylori status was assessed by immunohistochemistry on gastric specimens. Colorectal polyps were confirmed by histological examination of colorectal biopsies. A subset of serum samples from healthy and polyp-bearing patients (n = 163) were analyzed by ELISA for anti-H. pylori and anti-CagA antibodies. The crude and adjusted effect of H. pylori on the risk of colorectal adenoma and polyp were computed by logistic regression models. RESULTS: The prevalence of colorectal polyps and adenomas were 456 (36%) and 300 (24%) respectively. Colorectal polyps were more prevalent in gastric H. pylori infected than non-infected subjects [43% vs. 34%; Odds Ratio (OR) (95% CI): 1.5 (1.2-1.9), P = 0.001]. Patients with H. pylori-associated chronic active gastritis were at high risk to have adenomas [Unadjusted OR (95% CI): 1.3 (1.0-1.8); P = 0.04]. There was no difference in histopathology, size, or location of polyps with respect to H. pylori status. Gastric H. pylori infection, age, male gender and high risk clinical presentations were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps. Serological testing also revealed a higher prevalence of H. pylori and its toxin Cag-A in polyp patients vs. non polyp patients' sera, although in a non-statistically significant manner. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that current gastric H. pylori infection is associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps in African Americans. Patients with H. pylori induced gastritis may benefit from early screening colonoscopy as a preventative measure for colorectal cancer.
Assuntos
Pólipos do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/patologia , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biópsia , Pólipos do Colo/microbiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/complicações , Neoplasias Colorretais/microbiologia , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In developing countries, more than 50% of children have serological evidence of Helicobacter pylori infection. However, serological tests for H. pylori did not differentiate between active and past infection. The objectives of this study were to estimate the frequency of active and past H. pylori infection utilizing functional urea breath test (UBT) and serological tests and evaluate factors associated with the infection. METHODS: A total of 675 school children, 6-13 years of age, participated. UBT was performed to detect active H. pylori infection. Blood samples were obtained to determine iron status and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to the H. pylori whole-cell and to Cag A antigens by antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Weight, height, and sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 37.9% (95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 34.2-41.6) of school children had active or past H. pylori infection; of them, 73.8% (CI95% 68.4-79.2) were carrying CagA-positive strain, 26.5% (CI95% 23.2-29.8) had active infection, and 11.4% (95%CI: 9.0-13.8) had evidence of past H. pylori infection. School children with iron deficiency and low height for age had higher risk of H. pylori infection: [OR to active or past infection was 2.30 (CI 95% 1.01-5.23) and to active infection it was 2.64 (CI 95% 1.09-6.44)] compared to school children with normal iron status and height for age or with normal iron status but low height for age or with iron deficiency and normal height for age. CONCLUSIONS: The estimated prevalence of infection depends of the test utilized. Frequency of H. pylori infection and carrying CagA-positive strains was high in this population. Malnutrition was associated with active H. pylori infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/imunologia , Testes Respiratórios , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Helicobacter pylori/enzimologia , Helicobacter pylori/imunologia , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Instituições Acadêmicas , Estudantes , Urease/análiseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetic foot infections are a leading cause of lower extremity amputations. Our study examines the microbiota of diabetic skin prior to ulcer development or infection. METHODS: In a case-control study, outpatient males were recruited at a veterans hospital. Subjects were swabbed at 4 cutaneous sites, 1 on the forearm and 3 on the foot. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) with primers and probes specific for bacteria, Staphylococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi were performed on all samples. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing was performed on samples from the forearm and the plantar aspect of the foot. RESULTS: qPCR analysis of swab specimens from 30 diabetic subjects and 30 control subjects showed no differences in total numbers of bacteria or fungi at any sampled site. Increased log concentrations of Staphylococcus aureus, quantified by the number of nuc gene copies, were present in diabetic men on the plantar aspect of the foot. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing found that, on the foot, the microbiota in controls (n = 24) was dominated by Staphylococcus species, whereas the microbiota in diabetics (n = 23) was more diverse at the genus level. The forearm microbiota had similar diversity in diabetic and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The feet of diabetic men had decreased populations of Staphylococcus species, increased populations of S. aureus, and increased bacterial diversity, compared with the feet of controls. These ecologic changes may affect the risk for wound infections.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/patologia , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Metagenoma , Pele/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Idoso , Arthrodermataceae/genética , Arthrodermataceae/isolamento & purificação , Arthrodermataceae/patogenicidade , Carga Bacteriana , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pé Diabético/patologia , Antebraço/microbiologia , Genes Bacterianos , Genes de RNAr , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Masculino , Nuclease do Micrococo/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Pele/patologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/patologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Although the intestinal subtype of gastric cancer (GC) is most prevalent around the world, a relatively high prevalence of the diffuse subtype has been reported in some populations of Central American countries, including Guatemala. This study aimed to investigate whether differences exist in the prevalence of the two GC subtypes in the two main ethnic groups in Guatemala, namely Mayan and Mestizo (known as Ladino in Guatemala), between whom significant socioeconomic disparities exist, and to determine whether there is an association with Helicobacter pylori/CagA seropositivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Participants included 65 patients with GC and 135 age-/sex-matched controls. Data on ethnicity, H. pylori and CagA seropositivity status, as well as tumor subtype (diffuse or intestinal) were collected. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the relationship between predictor variables (age, sex, ethnicity, H. pylori, and CagA) and the binary response variable (tumor type). Model selection was based on the Akaike information criterion. RESULTS: The prevalence of diffuse GC was found to be significantly higher in the Mayan compared with the Mestizo population in Guatemala. Although seropositivity for CagA was significantly higher in patients with GC, there were no significant differences between the two GC subtypes. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there are differences in the prevalence of intestinal and diffuse GC histologic subtypes between the two main ethnic groups in Guatemala. Further studies are warranted, given the potential higher prevalence of the more severe GC subtype in the most vulnerable population.
Assuntos
Infecções por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiologia , Guatemala/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/complicações , Idoso , Adulto , Antígenos de BactériasAssuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Hepatite B , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Veteranos , Vírus da Hepatite B , HumanosRESUMO
A total of 135 stomach samples from patients with gastrointestinal diseases and normal controls were examined for Helicobacter pylori infection and Candida colonization. Candida krusei was found in specimens from 20% bleeding, 52% ulcer, and 100% gastritis patients, whereas H. pylori infection rates were 82%, 35% and 30%, respectively, for the same groups of patients. C. krusei was not detected in stomach samples from normal controls.
Assuntos
Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/epidemiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Gastrite/complicações , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/complicações , Úlcera Gástrica/complicações , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Candida/classificação , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Estômago/microbiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIM: At the same time that Helicobacter pylori prevalence is declining in Western countries, immigrants from developing countries with high H. pylori prevalence have settled in Western urban areas. Actual epidemiological data on H. pylori in a migrant community may help in realizing a more selective approach to assess H. pylori-related diseases. We aimed to define H. pylori prevalence as well as risk groups for H. pylori in a cohort of young women living in a multi-ethnic European city. METHODS: We measured Immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-H. pylori and CagA-antibodies in serum of pregnant women included in a population-based prospective cohort study, the Generation R study. Information on demographics and socioeconomic status was collected by questionnaires. Chi-square and logistic regression were used. RESULTS: In total, 3146 (46%) of the 6837 tested women (mean age 29.7 ± 5.3) were H. pylori-positive and 1110 (35%) of them were CagA-positive. The H. pylori prevalence in Dutch women was 24%, which was significantly lower than in non-Dutch women (64%; P < 0.001). In particular, H. pylori positivity was found in 92% of Moroccan (odds ratio 19.2; 95% confidence interval 11.8-32.0), 80% of Cape Verdean (7.6; 5.0-11.5), 81% of Turkish (9.0; 6.7-12.1), 60% of Dutch Antillean (3.3; 2.3-4.7), and 58% of Surinamese women (3.0; 2.3-3.8). Among H. pylori-positive Dutch subjects, 19% were CagA-positive compared with 40% of the non-Dutch subjects (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Despite a general trend of declining prevalence in Western countries, H. pylori remains highly prevalent in migrant communities, which may constitute target groups for screening and eradication to prevent H. pylori-related diseases.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por Helicobacter/etnologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/epidemiologia , Helicobacter pylori , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Cabo Verde/etnologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos de Coortes , Demografia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Marrocos/etnologia , Países Baixos/etnologia , Gravidez , Prevalência , Risco , Classe Social , Inquéritos e Questionários , Turquia/etnologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the association of maternal antenatal therapy on initial preterm infant oral microbial acquisition of gut metabolically important bacteria: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides species. STUDY DESIGN: Infant oral samples were collected prefeeding at 24 hours and analyzed using group-specific primers by real-time 16S rRNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction with analysis of variance and logistic regression to evaluate effect of antenatal exposure. RESULTS: Sixty-five infants < 34 weeks' gestational age (GA) were evaluated; mean GA was 28.6 ± 2.6 (standard deviation) weeks. Infants unexposed to antenatal treatment (n = 5) acquired < 1% Firmicutes, which was composed of 100% Lactobacillus species with no detectable Bifidobacterium, Bacteroidetes, or Bacteroides species. Infants exposed to antibiotics (n = 7), acquired fivefold less total bacterial density (TBD) with 45% Firmicutes 1.3% Lactobacillus species, 23.5% Bacteroidetes and rare Bacteroides. Compared with unexposed infants, steroids (n = 26) or steroid and antibiotics (n = 27) exposure led to an eightfold increase in TBD with < 1% Lactobacillus species and Bacteroides species 100% and 30%, respectively (p < 0.04). Bifidobacterium was undetectable in all groups. CONCLUSION: Preterm infant exposure to routine maternal antenatal treatments influence early oral microbial acquisition during the primary hours related to establishment of gut commensal bacteria.