RESUMO
Multi-organ procurement is a risk factor for contamination of preservation fluid with intestinal flora including fungi (e.g., Candida). Transmission of fungal species to the graft vessel can cause mycotic arteritis. This is a very rare but life-threatening complication of renal transplantation. We present 2 cases of renal transplant recipients from the same multi-organ donor. Both recipients suffered from severe hemorrhages from renal graft anastomosis and renal artery pseudoaneurysm due to Candida albicans arteritis (CAA). The culture of the preservation fluid revealed growth of Escherichia coli, but neither preservation fluid nor multiple routine blood cultures performed before hemorrhagic complications revealed fungal growth (media non-selective for fungal growth were applied). The first recipient suffered from sudden severe hemorrhage in the area of graft anastomosis on day 10 post surgery (without any preceding clinical or radiological symptoms). This led to urgent surgery and graftectomy, which was complicated by cardio-respiratory arrest with resuscitation in the operating room; despite resuscitation, irreversible brain damage, and subsequent death occurred in the intensive care unit (ICU) 2 weeks later (on day 24 after transplantation). The second patient underwent urgent vascular surgery on day 22 (after transplantation), because of hemorrhage from a pseudoaneurysm of the graft artery. She required repeated vascular operations, extended antimicrobial and antifungal therapy, and ICU monitoring and, despite these interventions, she died on day 80 after transplantation as a result of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sepsis. Arteritis of the renal artery in both patients was caused by C. albicans. This was confirmed by histopathology: infiltration of renal artery with budding yeast forming pseudohyphae (Case 1), and the presence of C. albicans in the culture of the renal artery and surrounding tissue (Case 2). We conclude that organ preservation solution should be cultured with use of media selective for fungal growth. As soon as the positive culture is detected, appropriate measures protecting patients against CAA should be undertaken.
Assuntos
Arterite/complicações , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candidíase/complicações , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Pseudomonas/microbiologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Arterite/microbiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Evolução Fatal , Hemorragia , Humanos , Masculino , Soluções para Preservação de Órgãos , Artéria Renal/microbiologia , SepseRESUMO
Cancer is a complex disease caused in part by predisposing germline gene polymorphisms. Knowledge of carcinogenesis in companion mammals (dog and cat) and some livestock species (pig and horse) is quite advanced. The prevalence of certain cancers varies by breed in these species, suggesting the presence of predisposing genetic variants in susceptible breeds. This review summarizes the present understanding of germline gene polymorphisms, including BRCA1, BRCA2, MC1R, KIT, NRAS and RAD51, associated with predisposition to melanoma, mammary cancer, osteosarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma in dogs, cats, pigs and horses. The predisposing variants in these species are discussed in the context of human germline gene polymorphisms associated with the same types of cancer.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença/genética , Neoplasias/veterinária , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Animais , Neoplasias Ósseas/genética , Neoplasias Ósseas/veterinária , Carcinogênese/genética , Gatos/genética , Cães/genética , Feminino , Células Germinativas , Sarcoma Histiocítico/genética , Sarcoma Histiocítico/veterinária , Cavalos/genética , Neoplasias Mamárias Animais/genética , Melanoma/genética , Melanoma/veterinária , Neoplasias/genética , Osteossarcoma/genética , Osteossarcoma/veterinária , Suínos/genéticaRESUMO
Because it is an important factor affecting renal transplant function, BK infections are significant problem in posttransplant. BK nephropathy develops in 5% of renal allograft recipients, in most cases within the first year after the procedure. The gold standard for BK nephropathy diagnosis is still immunohistochemical staining for large T antigen in graft biopsy specimens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of and factors influencing BK nephropathy in our renal allograft population. Among 89 renal or pancreas/kidney allograft recipients, BKV DNA was detected in 1 or more serum samples in 17 patients but BK nephropathy was diagnosed in only 1 case. Plasmacytic tubulitis was an exclusive feature in PCR-positive patients with 2 (20%) cases but no such findings in the PCR-negative group. In 40% of patients in the PCR-positive group at least 1 rejection episode was diagnosed versus 22% in the PCR-negative group. There were no significant differences in both groups according to total ischemia time, immunosuppressive treatments, or mean serum creatinine at 1 year after transplantation.
Assuntos
Vírus BK , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Infecções por Polyomavirus/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/virologia , Vírus BK/genética , Vírus BK/isolamento & purificação , DNA Viral/sangue , Rejeição de Enxerto/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Replicação ViralRESUMO
Chronic renal allograft rejection is often associated with the presence of fibrin thrombi in the microcirculation. Our purpose was to evaluate the influence of chronic rejection on fibrinolytic regulators in plasma of renal allograft recipients. We evaluated the concentration and activities of tPA, uPA and PAI-I in plasma from kidney allograft recipients. We studied 64 patients who underwent kidney transplantation from cadaveric allograft donors. At the time of the study 38 patients had stable graft function for at least 6 months proceeding the study, and 26 recipients had biopsy-proven chronic rejection of the kidney transplant. Control group included 30 healthy blood donors. In kidney transplant recipients we found significantly higher plasma tPA activity (median: 0.99 IU/ml; range: 0-3.8 IU/ml) in comparison to healthy controls (median: 0.15 IU/ml; range: 0-2.8 IU/ml) (p = 0.002) as well as significantly lower plasma PAI-I activity (median: 7.06 U/ml; range: 0-33.2 U/ml) in comparison to healthy controls (median: 21.8 U/ml; range: 0-36.7 U/ml), (p = 0.0001). Among transplant recipients, PAI-I plasma activity in recipients with chronic graft rejection (median: 10.16 U/ml; range: 0-33.2 U/ml) was significantly higher than in patients with stable graft function (median: 4.83 U/ml; range: 0-22.9 U/ml), (p = 0.01). In transplant recipients with stable graft function and poorly controlled hypertension we found significantly higher PAI-I plasma activity in comparison to recipients with normal blood pressure (p = 0.006). In kidney transplant recipients there was a positive correlation between the dose of prednisone and PAI-I activity in plasma (p = 0.01) and an association between BMI value and plasma PAI-I activity (p = 0.008), as well as an association between BMI value and plasma tPA-Ant concentration (p = 0.006). Among transplant recipients, patients treated with ACE inhibitors had significantly lower uPA plasma activity than the rest of the group (p = 0.003). In recipients with stable graft function we found a correlation between CsA concentration and tPA activity (p = 0.04), as well as an association between the dose of CsA and uPA-Ant concentration in plasma (p = 0.049). In patients with chronic graft rejection we found a negative correlation between the dose of prednisone and uPA-Ant plasma level (p = 0.004). Renal allograft recipients have higher tPA and lower PAI-I activities in plasma in comparison to healthy individuals. Chronic allograft rejection, is as well as poorly controlled hypertension, seem to be associated with an increase PAI-I plasma activity. In kidney graft recipients there is a relation between the value of BMI and the activity and concentration of tPA-Ant as well as the value of BMI and the PAI-I activity in plasma. Poorly controlled hypertension is associated with an increase in PAI-I plasma activity. The results of our study suggest a stimulatory effect of CsA on tPA and PAI-I plasma activities as well as on uPA-Ant concentration, while prednisone in turn seems to enhance PAI-I activity in plasma and decrease uPA expression. In renal allograft recipients ACE inhibitors seem to reduce uPA plasma activity.
Assuntos
Fibrinólise , Rejeição de Enxerto/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Índice de Massa Corporal , Doença Crônica , Grupos Controle , Ciclosporina/sangue , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Glucocorticoides/administração & dosagem , Rejeição de Enxerto/complicações , Rejeição de Enxerto/patologia , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Imunossupressores/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/sangue , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/sangue , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/sangueRESUMO
Fibrinolytic disturbances are thought to play an important role in processes leading to deterioration of renal allograft function. We investigated the effect of CsA therapy on the regulation of fibrinolysis in kidney graft recipients by measuring plasma concentration and activity of plasminogen activators (tPA, uPA) and their inhibitors (PAI-1, 2). We found an increase in tPA activity and in PAI-1 concentration as well as a decrease in PAI-1 activity in renal allograft recipients as compared to healthy controls, but did not confirm a correlation between these observations and CsA administration. tPA and PAI-2 concentrations as well as uPA activity did not significantly differ between the studied groups. We showed a significant decrease in uPA plasma concentration in patients treated with azathioprine. The significance of this finding is unknown.
Assuntos
Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Fibrinólise/fisiologia , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Azatioprina/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Fibrinólise/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/imunologia , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/sangue , Inibidor 2 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/sangue , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/sangue , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/sangueAssuntos
Rejeição de Enxerto/sangue , Transplante de Rim/fisiologia , Rim/fisiologia , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/sangue , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual/sangue , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Feminino , Fibrinólise , Rejeição de Enxerto/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tipo Uroquinase/sangueAssuntos
Ciclosporina/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim/imunologia , Sirolimo/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Calcineurina , Creatinina/sangue , Ciclosporina/toxicidade , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular/efeitos dos fármacos , Teste de Histocompatibilidade , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Rim/patologia , Transplante de Rim/patologia , Transplante de Rim/fisiologia , Sirolimo/toxicidade , Estatísticas não ParamétricasAssuntos
Transplante de Rim , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Quimioterapia Combinada , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/etiologia , Feminino , Herpesvirus Humano 4/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Rim/imunologia , Linfoma de Células B/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , ReoperaçãoRESUMO
Hundred sixty four measurements of the arterial blood pressure were performed in 53 newborns aged between 1 and 9 days. sphygmomanometer-S used for this purpose is a microcomputer which measures arterial blood pressure basing on the amplitude of the registered pulse waves. Obtained results of the systolic and mean blood pressure values were comparable with those reported by other authors whereas diastolic blood pressure values were somewhat lower.
Assuntos
Monitores de Pressão Arterial , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Diagnóstico por Computador , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Microcomputadores , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
Lipid composition (HPLC), fatty acid composition (GC/MS), lipid oxidation (peroxide value, anisidine value), UV-VIS and fluorescence spectra (Ex 365 nm), and susceptibility of lipids to oxidation (photooxidation test) as well as heavy metal, PCB, and DDT contents were determined in canned, raw, and thermally treated cod liver (separately in the released oil and in the solids). Canned products of three manufacturers were examined. Mean contents of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in the oil and solids were 31.91 +/- 1.83 and 16.59 +/- 7.48 g/100 g, respectively, the respective contents of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being 17.88 +/- 1.69 and 8.79 +/- 3.67 g/100 g. Lipid resistance to oxidation was found to decrease after thermal treatment of livers. However, the lipid oxidation level in canned liver stored for 3-8 months was not high and averaged, for the entire can content, 0.47 +/- 0.4 Meq O, the oil being more susceptible to oxidation that the solids. It is concluded that canned cod liver is a very good source of n-3 PUFA, particularly with respect to DHA. Heavy metal, DDT, and PCB contamination and the presence of lipid oxidation products in the canned products tested remain at a level producing no perceivable health hazard and could in no way interfere with consumption of recommended amounts of n-3 PUFAs.