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1.
Pathol Biol (Paris) ; 59(4): e73-8, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19896287

RESUMO

AIM OF THE STUDY: To show the emergence of the qnr and aac (6')-Ib-cr genes in nalidixic acid resistant enterobacteria isolated at Annaba city in Algeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Enterobacterial strains (n=25) resistant to nalidixic acid have been isolated at the microbiology laboratory of the Annaba city hospital in Algeria Antibiotic susceptibility (disc diffusion method and MIC) and screening for Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) were performed according to the French Society for Microbiology guidelines. Characterization of quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr) was investigated by PCR. Identification of ESBL (TEM, SHV, CTX-M1, CTX-M2, CTX-M8 and CTX-M9 groups) was performed by PCR. Identification of plasmid AmpC beta-lactamases was performed by multiplex PCR. All PCR products were sequenced on both strands. Conjugation experiments were performed using azide-resistant Escherichia coli K12J5 as a recipient strain. RESULTS: Among the 25 strains selected, 24 were resistant to at least four antibiotics. Six strains showed an ESBL phenotype. The qnr gene (B1 type) was found in two ESBL producing strains with at least two types of bla gene. The aac (6')-Ib gene was detected in three strains, one with the aac (6') Ib-cr variant. With specific primers, we have shown that qnrB1, CTX-M-28, TEM1, aac (6')-Ib-cr was cotransferred together and that these genes are carried by conjugative plasmids of high molecular weight. CONCLUSION: The emergence of combination of resistance genes may pose a public health problem. Thus, a policy of surveillance of resistance seems necessary.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Quinolonas , Acetiltransferases/genética , Argélia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Ácido Nalidíxico , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , beta-Lactamases/genética
2.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 103(2): 157-65, 2005 Aug 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16083818

RESUMO

Our objective was to investigate the Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of traditional ready-to-eat street-vended poultry dishes and to assess the association of some restaurant characteristics and cooking practices with the contamination of these meals. One hundred and forty-eight street-restaurants were studied from January 2003 to April 2004 in Dakar. A questionnaire was submitted to the managers, and samples of ready-to-eat poultry dishes were taken. Salmonella spp. was isolated in 20.1% of the 148 street-restaurants studied and in 10.1% samples of poultry dishes. The most prevalent serovars isolated were Salmonella hadar, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella brancaster. Campylobacter jejuni was detected in only 3 restaurants and 3 poultry dishes. Not peeling and not cleaning vegetables and other ingredients during meal preparation (OR=3.58), dirty clothing for restaurant employees (OR=4.65), reheating previously cooked foods (OR=5.2), and no kitchen and utensils disinfection (OR=3.47) were associated with an increasing risk of Salmonella contamination. Adequate cooking procedures decreased the risk of Salmonella contamination (OR=0.15).


Assuntos
Campylobacter/isolamento & purificação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Produtos Avícolas/microbiologia , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Campylobacter/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Galinhas , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Contaminação de Alimentos/prevenção & controle , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Higiene , Razão de Chances , Restaurantes , Fatores de Risco , Salmonella/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Senegal , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 21(6): 573-4, 2002 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12182388

RESUMO

A 5-year-old infant with diarrhea had heavy growth of Chromobacterium violaceum cultured from stool. This organism is restricted geographically between latitudes 35 degrees N and 35 degrees S. It can cause sepsis and various focal infections but is not a well-known cause of diarrhea.


Assuntos
Chromobacterium/patogenicidade , Diarreia/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/microbiologia , Pré-Escolar , Chromobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Fezes/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Senegal , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/administração & dosagem , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico
4.
FEMS Microbiol Lett ; 132(1-2): 147-52, 1995 Oct 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7590156

RESUMO

A rapid polymerase chain reaction method was developed to differentiate Staphylococcus pasteuri from other staphylococcal species, especially the phenotypically similar S. warneri. The oligonucleotide probes used as primers were designed from the sequence of a S. pasteuri random amplified polymorphic DNA fragment.


Assuntos
DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Amplificação de Genes , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos , Staphylococcus/genética , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Sequência de Bases , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo Genético , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação
5.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 8(10): 680-3, 2002 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12390289

RESUMO

Screening by ofloxacin disk was carried out on 1158 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in order to investigate the in vitro bacteriostatic activity of penicillin G, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, telithromycin, linezolid, pristinamycin and quinupristin-dalfopristin against ofloxacin-intermediate and -resistant S. pneumoniae strains. It was concluded that these new antimicrobial agents could be useful for the treatment of pneumococcal infections caused by penicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. pneumoniae, and would represent a valid therapeutic option for patients allergic to beta-lactams, should they prove to be potent in vivo.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Compostos Aza , Fluoroquinolonas , Cetolídeos , Levofloxacino , Macrolídeos , Ofloxacino/farmacologia , Quinolinas , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Virginiamicina/análogos & derivados , Acetamidas/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Lactamas/imunologia , Linezolida , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Moxifloxacina , Ofloxacino/imunologia , Oxazolidinonas/farmacologia , Penicilina G/farmacologia , Pristinamicina/farmacologia , Streptococcus pneumoniae/patogenicidade , Virginiamicina/farmacologia
6.
Int J Antimicrob Agents ; 20(5): 339-47, 2002 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12431869

RESUMO

To assess the current distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Dakar, a retrospective study was carried out at the biomedical laboratory of Institut Pasteur de Dakar between January 1999 and December 2000. The most important finding, among Enterobacteriaceae, was the emergence of multidrug resistant strains (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and both chromosomally derepressed and plasmid mediated cephalosporinase producing strains) affecting 2.9% of all Enterobacteriaceae. Of Gram-positive cocci, 15% of Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant. Our data show the original distribution of uropathogens from UTIs in ambulant patients and the emergence of multidrug resistant strains in Dakar.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Infecções Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Infecções Urinárias/epidemiologia , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Senegal/epidemiologia , Sistema Urinário/microbiologia
7.
J Infect ; 37(3): 295-7, 1998 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9892537

RESUMO

We report a case of isolated myocardial involvement due to Aspergillus sp., in a patient with multiple organ failure but no demonstrable immune deficiency apart from corticosteroid therapy given for the three weeks prior to hospitalization. This patient died of septic shock 7 days after hospitalization. Aspergillus was isolated only once from a sputum specimen obtained 24 h before death. At post-mortem examination there are emboli and myocardial lesions containing clusters of hyphae as Aspergillus confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence. The other organs were free of fungi. This observation is remarkable because the cardiac involvement was isolated and no immunodeficiency was present.


Assuntos
Aspergilose/complicações , Miocardite/etiologia , Choque Séptico/complicações , Idoso , Aspergillus/isolamento & purificação , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Masculino , Miocardite/microbiologia , Miocardite/patologia
8.
Presse Med ; 27(28): 1427-9, 1998 Sep 26.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9793039

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Assess the prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in a population of healthy young French subjects. METHODS: Stool samples obtained from 100 persons living in south-eastern France (20 sampling sites) were directly seeded on enriched selective media containing 6 mg/l vancomycin. Bacterial species and their resistant gene were identified with classical methods and multiplex genomic amplification. RESULTS: The incidence of asymptomatic carriage was 17% with a homogeneous geographic distribution of the resistant strains. Nine Enterococcus faecium van A strains and 8 E. gallinarum van C1 strains were isolated. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in a population of young ambulatory subjects in France. The incidence observed was much higher than in an earlier study conducted in France. These results might be explained by a much more sensitive detection technique. Care should be taken to avoid dissemination in hospital settings.


Assuntos
Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Vancomicina/farmacologia , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Enterococcus faecium/efeitos dos fármacos , Fezes/microbiologia , França , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Especificidade da Espécie
9.
Presse Med ; 31(17): 787-93, 2002 May 11.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12148361

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Monitor the evolution in France of antibiotic sensitivity of non-typhoid salmonella isolated in fecal cultures conducted in army hospital laboratories. METHODS: A prospective study was performed from January 1998 to December 1999 in all the biology departments of the 11 army hospitals in France. All the non-repetitive strains were sent to an official center for serotyping and determination of the minimum inhibiting concentrations, by dilution in Mueller Hinton's gelose. The antibiotics currently used in treatment were tested and interpretation endpoints followed the recent recommendations of the Antibiogram committee of the French society of microbiology. Identification of beta-lactamase was conducted by iso-electric focalization and polymerization by chain reaction (PCR). For Salmonella Typhimurium, research for the specific resistance locus of the DT104 clone was made using PCR. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-two non-repetitive salmonella strains were isolated. The principle serotypes found were: Salmonella Enterididis (23.9%), S. Typhimurium (21.2%) and S. Hadar (10.8%). All the strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxim, whereas one third exhibited reduced sensitivity to aminopenicillin. Depending on the serotype, Typhimurium and Hadar serotypes exhibited significantly lesser sensitivity to aminopenicillin, nalidixic acid and tetracycline. For S. Typhimurium, resistance is related to the diffusion of the multiresistant DT104 clone, which involves half of the strains of this serotype. For S. Hadar, 18 out of 24 strains (75%) were resistance to nalidixic acid, and 5 of them exhibited reduced resistance to ciprofloxacin. There was no difference in sensitivity to antibiotics between the strains responsible for diarrhea and those isolated in systematic examinations for capacity to work in the food trade (respectively 54 and 46% of strains). CONCLUSION: Non-typhoid salmonella are frequently isolated in diarrhea of infectious origin. The increasing resistance to antibiotics is primarily related to the diffusion of the DT104 clone, regarding S. Typhimurium and to the increase in resistance to quinolone, regarding S. Hadar.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Salmonella/efeitos dos fármacos , Antibacterianos/classificação , Fezes/microbiologia , França , Hospitais Militares , Humanos , Salmonella/classificação , Salmonella/isolamento & purificação
10.
Med Trop (Mars) ; 50(4): 433-40, 1990.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2077322

RESUMO

Area of frequent occurrence of Schistosoma intercalatum is limited to few countries along the Guinea Gulf although the main intervening agents, Bulinus globosus, Bulinus forskalii are dispersed all over Africa. Reservoir of Schistosoma intercalatum is only human and its cycle is difficult to keep up in test animals. Clinical manifestations are, the most often, a simultaneous inflammation of the rectum and sigmoid. Diagnosis is based on the presence of ova with terminal spine in feces or in biopsies of rectal mucosae. Serology, not specific of this species, eases finding of low infestations. Treatment is based on Praziquantel.


Assuntos
Schistosoma , Esquistossomose , África Central , Animais , Bulinus/parasitologia , Vetores de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Enteropatias Parasitárias , Masculino , Schistosoma/anatomia & histologia , Schistosoma/crescimento & desenvolvimento
11.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 20(2): O109-16, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23992040

RESUMO

A total of 1623 clinical isolates of Salmonella belonging to 229 serotypes were received by the Senegalese Reference Center for Enterobacteria from January 1999 to December 2009. The most common serotypes were Enteritidis (19% of the isolates), Typhi (8%), Typhimurium (7%) and Kentucky (4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin (0.9% in 1999 to 11.1% in 2009) and nalidixic acid (0.9% in 1999 to 26.7% in 2009) was observed in non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes. For critically important antibiotics, notably ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), the rates of resistance were low: 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. Seven ESC-resistant Salmonella strains and three additional ESC-resistant strains from Senegal (1990) and Mali (2007) were studied to identify the genetic basis of their antibiotic resistance. All ESC-resistant strains produced an extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL). These were CTX-M-15 (n = 6; 2000-2008), SHV-12 (n = 3; 2000-2001) and SHV-2 (n = 1; 1990). A large IncHI2 ST1 pK29-like plasmid was found in six strains (three producing SHV-12 and three CTX-M-15), whereas IncN and IncF plasmids were found in three strains and one strain, respectively. The association of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrB1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr was found in four ESBL-producing strains, leading to decreased susceptibility and even full resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC range 0.75-2 mg/L) despite the absence of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. This association of ESBL and multiple PMQR mechanisms within the same strains is therefore a serious concern as it hampers the use of both ESCs and fluoroquinolones for severe Salmonella infections.


Assuntos
Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/microbiologia , Salmonella enterica/enzimologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plasmídeos/análise , Prevalência , Salmonella enterica/classificação , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Senegal/epidemiologia , Sorotipagem
12.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 19(4): 349-55, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22390772

RESUMO

The molecular epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Klebsiella pneumoniae in developing countries is poorly documented. From February 2007 to March 2008, we collected 135 3GC-R K. pneumoniae isolates from seven major towns in Maghreb (Morocco), West Africa (Senegal, Côte d'Ivoire), Central Africa (Cameroon), East Africa (Madagascar) and Southeast Asia (Vietnam). Their genetic diversity, assessed by multilocus sequence typing, was high (60 sequence types), reflecting multiclonality. However, two major clonal groups, CG15 (n = 23, 17% of isolates) and CG258 (n = 18, 13%), were detected in almost all participating centres. The two major clonal groups have previously been described in other parts of the world, indicating their global spread. The high diversity of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR banding patterns at the local level indicates that most isolates were epidemiologically unrelated. The isolates were characterized by the presence of multiple resistance determinants, most notably the concomitant presence of the aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnr and blaCTX-M-15 genes in 61 isolates (45%) belonging to 31 sequence types. These isolates were detected across a large geographical area including Cameroon (n = 1), Vietnam (n = 4), Madagascar (n = 10), Côte d'Ivoire (n = 12), Morocco (n = 13) and Senegal (n = 21). These results have major implications for patient management and highlight a potential reservoir for resistance determinants.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Variação Genética , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência beta-Lactâmica , África/epidemiologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Genes Bacterianos , Genótipo , Humanos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/classificação , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Vietnã/epidemiologia
13.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 17(2): 160-5, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20298267

RESUMO

The epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Africa is poorly documented. From January 2007 to March 2008, we collected 86 MRSA isolates from five African towns, one each in Cameroon, Madagascar, Morocco, Niger and Senegal. Although one or two major clones, defined by the sequence type and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type, predominated at each site, genetic diversity (ten clones) was relatively limited in view of the large geographical area studied. Most of the isolates (n = 76, 88%) belonged to three major clones, namely ST239/241-III, a well-known pandemic clone (n = 34, 40%), ST88-IV (n = 24, 28%) and ST5-IV (n = 18, 21%). The latter two clones have only been sporadically described in other parts of the world. The spread of community-associated MRSA carrying the Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes is a cause for concern, especially in Dakar and possibly throughout Africa.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Variação Genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Tipagem Molecular , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , África/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Exotoxinas/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Leucocidinas/genética , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Adulto Jovem
14.
Clin Microbiol Infect ; 17(4): 633-9, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20673269

RESUMO

The epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) in Africa is poorly documented. From January 2007 to March 2008, 555 S. aureus isolates were collected from five African towns in Cameroon, Madagascar, Morocco, Niger, and Senegal; among these, 456 unique isolates were susceptible to methicillin. Approximately 50% of the MSSA isolates from each different participating centre were randomly selected for further molecular analysis. Of the 228 isolates investigated, 132 (58%) belonged to five major multilocus sequence typing (MLST) clonal complexes (CCs) (CC1, CC15, CC30, CC121 and CC152) that were not related to any successful methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clones previously identified in the same study population. The luk-PV genes encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), present in 130 isolates overall (57%), were highly prevalent in isolates from Cameroon, Niger, and Senegal (West and Central Africa). This finding is of major concern, with regard to both a source of severe infections and a potential reservoir for PVL genes. This overrepresentation of PVL in MSSA could lead to the emergence and spread of successful, highly virulent PVL-positive MRSA clones, a phenomenon that has already started in Africa.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Toxinas Bacterianas/genética , Exotoxinas/genética , Leucocidinas/genética , Meticilina/farmacologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Fatores de Virulência/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , África/epidemiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Prevalência , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Adulto Jovem
15.
Rev Pneumol Clin ; 66(4): 266-71, 2010 Sep.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20933169

RESUMO

A retrospective study was carried out from January 2000 to December 2003 to assess the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs and the impact of this on the treatment result. Two hundred and two patients' files were studied (average age: 36 years; sex-ratio: 1.7). Pulmonary localisation (85.7%) or extrapulmonary localisation (14.3%). HIV status is negative (71.3%), positive (10.8%) or unknown (17.9%). The overall recovery rate is 60.7% (61.4% in HIV-; 46.1% in HIV+), the rate of treatment failure is 2.7% (1.1% in HIV-; 15.4% in HIV+), the death rate due to tuberculosis is 6.3% (2.3% in HIV-; 23.1% in HIV+), and the rate of patients who disappeared from the system is 30.3% (35.2% in HIV-; 14.2% in HIV+). Hepatotoxicity that occurred during treatment is observed in 14.3% of cases (recovery: 56.2%; failure: 6.2%; lost from the system: 18.8%). Eighty-four percent of patients never received antituberculosis treatment (group A) versus 15.8% of patients who had already received one or more antituberculosis drugs (group B). The rates of resistance to isoniazid are 6.4% (A) and 12.5% (B), to rifampicin 1.7% (A) and 12.5% (B), to ethambutol 0.5% (A) and 0% (B), to streptomycin 24.1% (A) and 46.8% (B). The percentage of multiresistant strains is 1% in patients not treated previously and 11% in those who had already received antituberculosis treatment. When the patients are carriers of a strain that is responsive to the treatment administered, the recovery rate is 64.2% versus 46.7% in patients whose strain is resistant to at least one of the treatments administered.


Assuntos
Antituberculosos , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/epidemiologia , Adulto , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Etambutol/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Hospitais Universitários/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Isoniazida/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Rifampina/administração & dosagem , Senegal/epidemiologia , Estreptomicina/administração & dosagem , Falha de Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia
18.
J Appl Microbiol ; 100(1): 209-17, 2006.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16405702

RESUMO

AIMS: The main objectives of this study were to investigate the diversity of Campylobacter genotypes circulating in Senegal and to determine the frequency of antibiotic resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS: Strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry (n = 99) and from patients (n = 10) and Campylobacter coli isolated from poultry (n = 72) were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The pulsotypes obtained after digestion by SmaI and KpnI revealed a significant genetic diversity in both species, but without any predominant pulsotypes. However, farm-specific clones were identified in the majority of poultry houses (76.5%). Human and poultry isolates of C. jejuni had common PFGE patterns. High quinolone-resistance rates were observed for C. jejuni (43.4%) and C. coli (48.6%) isolates obtained from poultry. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed a genetic diversity of Campylobacter between farms indicating multiple sources of infection; but specific clones had the ability to colonize the broiler farms. The antimicrobial resistance patterns were not related to any specific PFGE pattern suggesting that resistance was due to the selective pressure of antibiotic usage. Campylobacter with similar genotypes were circulating in both human and poultry. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study is important for the understanding of the epidemiology of Campylobacter in broiler farms in Senegal. It also emphasizes the need for a more stringent policy in the use of antimicrobial agents in food animals.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Campylobacter/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/genética , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Amoxicilina/farmacologia , Combinação Amoxicilina e Clavulanato de Potássio/farmacologia , Animais , Campylobacter/efeitos dos fármacos , Campylobacter coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Campylobacter coli/genética , Campylobacter jejuni/efeitos dos fármacos , Campylobacter jejuni/genética , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , DNA Girase/genética , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Eritromicina/farmacologia , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Variação Genética/genética , Genótipo , Humanos , Ácido Nalidíxico/farmacologia , Quinolonas/farmacologia
20.
J Appl Microbiol ; 99(4): 968-77, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16162250

RESUMO

AIMS: Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Brancaster and Salmonella Enteritidis are the main Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovars isolated from poultry in Senegal. Our objective was to analyse the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and antibioresistance patterns of strains belonging to these serovars and to assess the significance of broiler-chicken meat as a source of human infection. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 142 Salmonella isolates were analysed: 79 were isolated from Senegalese patients with sporadic diarrhoea (11 S. Hadar, nine S. Brancaster and 59 S. Enteritidis) and 63 from poultry (30 S. Hadar, 17 S. Brancaster and 16 S. Enteritidis). The PFGE of XbaI- and SpeI-digested chromosomal DNA gave 20 distinct profiles for S. Hadar, nine for S. Brancaster and 22 for S. Enteritidis. Each serovar was characterized by a major pulsotype which was X3S1 in 42% of S. Hadar, X8S1 in 53.8% of S. Brancaster and X1S2 in 43% of S. Enteritidis isolates. Human and poultry isolates of Salmonella had common PFGE patterns. Antibiosensitivity tests showed multiresistance (more than two drugs) was encountered in 14.5% of S. Hadar and in 5% of S. Enteritidis isolates. Resistance to quinolones was considered to be of particular importance and 14.5% of S. Hadar isolates were found to be resistant to nalidixic acid. CONLCUSIONS: The sharing of similar PFGE profiles among isolates from humans and poultry provided indirect evidence of Salmonella transmission from contaminated broiler meat. But most of the Salmonella isolates remained drug sensitive. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Efforts are needed to eliminate Salmonella from poultry meat intended for human consumption. This study has also highlighted the importance of continuous surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with animals and humans.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Ampicilina/farmacologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Galinhas , Cloranfenicol/farmacologia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado/métodos , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Ácido Nalidíxico/farmacologia , Filogenia , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Salmonella enterica/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enterica/isolamento & purificação , Salmonella enteritidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Salmonella enteritidis/isolamento & purificação , Senegal/epidemiologia , Tetraciclina/farmacologia , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/farmacologia
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