[Micronutrients in parenteral nutrition]. / Micronutrientes en nutrición parenteral.

At a multidisciplinary debate, and after reviewing the evidence available as well as experts' opinion, the IV Baxter-SENPE Working Panel established the indications and managemente guidelines for micronutrients (water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, and oligoelements or trace elements) in parenteral nutrition. It was concluded about the convenience of daily intake of micronutrients with diferent options regarding deficiente or excessive dosages, administration systems, interactions, monitoring, and cots-effectiveness.

[Management models in clinical nutrition: weaknesses and strengths]. / Modelos de gestión en nutrición clínica: Puntos débiles y puntos fuertes.

At the 6th Abbott-SENPE Debate Forum a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional discussion was established in order to seek for the model or the models of clinical management most appropriate for Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Units (CNAD) in Spain. The weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities for the current systems were assessed concluding that a certain degree of disparity was observed not only due to regional differences but also to different hospital types. It was proposed, from SENPE, the creation of a working group helping to standardize the models and promote the culture of Integral Control and Change Management.

Lost forever? Ecosystem functional changes occurring after agricultural abandonment and forest recovery in the semiarid Chaco forests.

Semiarid forests are worldwide threatened by land use changes, particularly agriculture. However, in some cases, due to particular economic or social processes, agriculture ends and forests may or may not recover to their original state. Using different databases and satellite images integrated into a geographical information system, we located in the central region of the semiarid Chaco forests of Argentina adjacent land use patches of secondary forest (SF), remnant forest (RF) and crops (CP). Using a chronosequence approach, we evaluated changes in the fraction of the photosynthetic active radiation absorbed by the vegetation (FAPAR) between SF and RF and CP, using the enhanced vegetation index (EVI). We evaluated both intra and inter-annual changes in EVI mean (EVImean), EVI maximum (EVImax), EVI minimum (EVImin), and EVI relative range (EVIrr) as descriptors of FAPAR dynamics and analyzed their changes through time (2000 to 2010) and their relation to rainfall. Secondary forests showed higher seasonality and higher EVImean values than RF, but differences disappeared as time since agricultural abandonment increased, suggesting that SF recover their functioning (when compared to RF) after 10 to 15 years. Our results suggest that Chaco's SF have intermediate seasonal patterns in-between RF and CP, as expected by successional theory, and that FAPAR interception by RF appears to be dependent on previous year's precipitation. We found that, although all land uses showed similar precipitation use efficiency (PUE), SF and cropland's productivity were less stable across the years and showed faster increases or decreases compared to RF, depending on precipitation (higher precipitation marginal response- PMR). Our results suggest that at least some aspects of ecosystem functioning can be restored after agricultural abandonment. Future research that combines floristic and structural changes is necessary to fully understand secondary forests regrowth process after agricultural abandonment in the Chaco region.

[IV Debate Forum of the SENPE: questions on nutrition research]. / IV Foro de Debate SENPE: problemática de la investigación en nutrición.

The IV Debate Forum of the SENPE values from a multidisciplinary and multi-professional perspective the questions on clinical research in nutrition in Spain, focusing on enteral nutrition due to the lack of legislation on this issue. The concluding remarks point out the SENPE commitment with promoting quality, education and facilitation of research, greater help to emergent groups, looking for financial support, and timely information on the several summons from public systems and reference centers

[Inflammatory response in spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage]. / Respuesta inflamatoria en la hemorragia intracerebral espontánea.

INTRODUCTION: At date, there is increasing evidence that inflammatory processes are involved in cerebrovascular events. Trauma and ischemic injury are characterized by acute local inflammation and changes in levels of inflammatory cytokines in body fluids of human patients. However, very few studies have been directed to establish the role and the relationship between inflammation and hemorrhagic stroke. DEVELOPMENT: After intracerebral hemorrhage, inflammatory mediators from the blood might enter to the brain and induce an inflammatory reaction, although the brain cells itself are capable of producing many of these agents. Whatever, this markers of inflammation contributes to the development of a systemic response. High levels of C reactive protein (CRP), an acute and sensitive phase protein to inflammatory reactions, are present among individuals at risk for future cerebro or cardiovascular event. Elevated CRP also predicts the outcome. CONCLUSION: We present the little evidence about the relationship between inflammation and hemorrhagic stroke.