[22q11.2 deletion syndrome and complex congenital heart defects]. / Síndrome de deleção 22q11 e cardiopatias congênitas complexas.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the frequency of 22q11 deletion syndrome among patients with complex congenital heart disease. METHODS: A prospective and consecutive cohort of patients with complex heart defects was evaluated in their first hospitalization at a cardiac intensive care unit of a pediatric hospital. For each patient a protocol of demographic and clinical evaluation was filled. High resolution karyotype and 22q11 microdeletion by fluorescence in situ hybridization was investigated. The heart defects were classified by a cardiologist of the study. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 66 patients. Karyotypic anomalies were observed in 5 patients (7.6%), however none of those was the 22q11 deletion. Evaluation by means of FISH was successful in 65 patients and 22q11 microdeletion was identified in 2 (3.1%). Of the 66 patients with complex defects, 52 were carriers of conotruncal malformations and in 51 the 22q11 microdeletion analysis by FISH was successful. Both 22q11 microdeletion carriers belonged to this group, representing a frequency of 3.9%. They presented tetralogy of Fallot. CONCLUSION: 22q11DS is a frequent abnormality among patients with complex and conotruncal heart defects. Variations of the 22q11DS frequency among studies seem to be mainly associated to criteria for patient selection and specific characteristics of the population in analysis.

[Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum in patients with congenital heart defects]. / Espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral em pacientes com defeitos cardíacos congênitos.

BACKGROUND: there have been few studies evaluating the frequency of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) in patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs). OBJECTIVE: to verify the frequency of OAVS in a sample of patients with major heart malformations. METHODS: we evaluated a prospective cohort of patients with CHD admitted in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) in Brazil. The diagnosis of OAVS was made based on the clinical data, considering standard criteria. The patients that met these criteria were submitted to high resolution GTG-Banding karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 microdeletion. Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05) was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: During the period of evaluation, 330 patients were hospitalized for the first time in the ICU, but thirty of them did not participate in the study. Of the 300 patients that constituted the final sample, OAVS was verified in 3 cases (1%). All presented normal cytogenetic studies. CONCLUSION: OAVS seems to be a frequent condition among patients with CHDs. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the frequency of OAVS found in our study might have been underestimated due to the low rate of prenatal detection of CHDs and the limited access of patients to appropriate health care in our region. Future prospective studies with well defined clinical criteria and subjects with mild and major defects will be important to assess the role of OAVS in the general population of subjects with heart malformations.

Síndrome de deleção 22q11 e cardiopatias congênitas complexas / 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and complex congenital heart defects

OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência da síndrome de deleção 22q11 (SD22q11) entre pacientes portadores de cardiopatia congênita do tipo complexa. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por uma coorte prospectiva e consecutiva de pacientes com cardiopatia complexa em sua primeira hospitalização em uma unidade de tratamento intensivo cardiológica de um hospital pediátrico. Para cada paciente foi preenchida uma ficha de avaliação, com coleta de dados clínicos, e realizado o cariótipo de alta resolução e técnica de hibridização in situ fluorescente (FISH) com pesquisa de microdeleção 22q11. Os defeitos cardíacos foram classificados por um cardiologista participante do estudo. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta de 66 pacientes. Quanto à análise cariotípica, alterações foram observadas em cinco pacientes (7,6 por cento); contudo, nenhum deles apresentava deleção 22q11. A avaliação pela técnica de FISH pôde ser realizada com sucesso em 65 pacientes, sendo que a microdeleção 22q11 foi identificada em dois (3,1 por cento). Dos 66 pacientes com defeitos complexos, 52 eram portadores de malformações do tipo conotruncal, sendo que em 51 a pesquisa para microdeleção 22q11 foi realizada. Os dois pacientes portadores da microdeleção 22q11 fizeram parte deste grupo, representando uma frequência de 3,9 por cento. Eles apresentavam tetralogia de Fallot. CONCLUSÃO: A SD22q11 é uma anormalidade frequente entre pacientes com cardiopatias congênitas complexas e conotruncais. Variações da frequência da SD22q11 entre os estudos parecem estar associadas, principalmente, com a forma adotada para a seleção da amostra e às características da população em análise.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the frequency of 22q11 deletion syndrome among patients with complex congenital heart disease. METHODS: A prospective and consecutive cohort of patients with complex heart defects was evaluated in their first hospitalization at a cardiac intensive care unit of a pediatric hospital. For each patient a protocol of demographic and clinical evaluation was filled. High resolution karyotype and 22q11 microdeletion by fluorescence in situ hybridization was investigated. The heart defects were classified by a cardiologist of the study. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 66 patients. Karyotypic anomalies were observed in 5 patients (7.6 percent), however none of those was the 22q11 deletion. Evaluation by means of FISH was successful in 65 patients and 22q11 microdeletion was identified in 2 (3.1 percent). Of the 66 patients with complex defects, 52 were carriers of conotruncal malformations and in 51 the 22q11 microdeletion analysis by FISH was successful. Both 22q11 microdeletion carriers belonged to this group, representing a frequency of 3.9 percent. They presented tetralogy of Fallot. CONCLUSION: 22q11DS is a frequent abnormality among patients with complex and conotruncal heart defects. Variations of the 22q11DS frequency among studies seem to be mainly associated to criteria for patient selection and specific characteristics of the population in analysis.

Espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral em pacientes com defeitos cardíacos congênitos / Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum in patients with congenital heart defects / Espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral en pacientes con defectos cardíacos congénitos

FUNDAMENTO: Há poucos estudos avaliando a frequência do espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral (EOAV) nos pacientes com defeitos cardíacos congênitos (DCC). OBJETIVO: Verificar a frequência do EOAV em uma amostra de pacientes com malformações cardíacas graves. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos uma coorte prospectiva de pacientes com DCC, admitidos em uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) cardiopediátrica no Brasil. O diagnóstico de EOAV foi feito com base em dados clínicos, considerando critérios padrões. Os pacientes que preenchiam esses critérios foram submetidos ao cariótipo de alta resolução com bandamento GTG e hibridização fluorescente in situ para a microdeleção 22q11.2. O teste exato de Fisher (P < 0,05) foi usado para as análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Durante o período de avaliação, 330 pacientes foram hospitalizados pela primeira vez na UTI, mas trinta deles não participaram deste estudo. Dos 300 pacientes que constituíram a amostragem final, o EOAV foi verificado em três casos (1 por cento). Todos apresentaram estudos citogenéticos normais. CONCLUSÃO: O EOAV parece ser uma condição frequente em pacientes com DCC. Contudo, não podemos excluir a possibilidade de que a frequência de EOAV encontrada em nosso estudo possa ter sido subestimada devido à baixa taxa de detecção pré-natal de DCC e ao acesso limitado dos pacientes ao tratamento médico apropriado em nosso meio. Estudos prospectivos futuros com critérios clínicos bem definidos e pacientes com defeitos leves e graves serão importantes para avaliar o papel do EOAV na população em geral de indivíduos com malformações cardíacas.

BACKGROUND: There have been few studies evaluating the frequency of oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS) in patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs). OBJECTIVE: To verify the frequency of OAVS in a sample of patients with major heart malformations. METHODS: We evaluated a prospective cohort of patients with CHD admitted in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) in Brazil. The diagnosis of OAVS was made based on the clinical data, considering standard criteria. The patients that met these criteria were submitted to high resolution GTG-Banding karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization for 22q11.2 microdeletion. Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05) was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: During the period of evaluation, 330 patients were hospitalized for the first time in the ICU, but thirty of them did not participate in the study. Of the 300 patients that constituted the final sample, OAVS was verified in 3 cases (1 percent). All presented normal cytogenetic studies. CONCLUSION: OAVS seems to be a frequent condition among patients with CHDs. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the frequency of OAVS found in our study might have been underestimated due to the low rate of prenatal detection of CHDs and the limited access of patients to appropriate health care in our region. Future prospective studies with well defined clinical criteria and subjects with mild and major defects will be important to assess the role of OAVS in the general population of subjects with heart malformations.

FUNDAMENTO: Hay pocos estudios evaluando la frecuencia del espectro óculo-aurículo-vertebral (EOAV) en los pacientes con defectos cardíacos congénitos (DCC). OBJETIVO: Verificar la frecuencia del EOAV en una muestra de pacientes con malformaciones cardíacas graves. MÉTODOS: Evaluamos una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con DCC, admitidos en una unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI) cardiopediátrica en el Brasil. El diagnóstico de EOAV fue hecho con base en datos clínicos, considerando criterios estándares. Los pacientes que llenaban esos criterios fueron sometidos al cariotipo con bandeamiento GTG en alta resolución e Hibridización fluorescente in situ para la microdelección 22q11.2. El Test Exacto de Fisher (P < 0,05) fue usado para los análisis estadísticos. RESULTADOS: Durante el período de evaluación, 330 pacientes fueron hospitalizados por primera vez en la UTI, pero treinta por ciento de ellos no participó de este estudio. De los 300 pacientes que constituyeron el muestreo final, el EOAV fue verificado en tres casos (1 por ciento). Todos presentaron estudios citogenéticos normales. CONCLUSIÓN: El EOAV parece ser una condición frecuente en pacientes con DCC. Con todo, no podemos excluir la posibilidad de que la frecuencia de EOAV encontrada en nuestro estudio pueda haber sido subestimada debido a la baja tasa de detección pre-natal de DCC y al acceso limitado de los pacientes al tratamiento médico apropiado en nuestro medio. Estudios prospectivos futuros con criterios clínicos bien definidos y pacientes con defectos leves y graves serán importantes para evaluar el papel del EOAV en la población en general de individuos con malformaciones cardíacas.