[Assessment of the energy content of human milk administered to very low birth weight infants]. / Análise do conteúdo energético do leite humano administrado a recém-nascidos de muito baixo peso ao nascimento.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the energy content in fresh and processed human milk administered to very low birth weight infants born in the Institute Fernandes Figueira. METHODS: Samples of 0.5 ml of fresh and processed human milk were evaluated as for the fat percentile and energy content, which was calculated by mathematical formulas. Four hundred and sixty two human milk samples were analyzed, 401 of processed human milk and 61 of fresh human milk. RESULTS: The median and the standard deviation of the fat percentile checked was 2.9+/-1.2% in the processed samples and 8.9+/-4.6% in the fresh samples (p < 0.001). The median and the standard deviation of the energy content calculated was 53.6+/-7.2 kcal/100 ml in processed samples and 85.9+/-27.9 kcal/100 ml in fresh samples (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The processed human milk samples had less energy content and less fat than fresh human milk samples suggesting that the complex processes of the human milk manipulation and administration can determine losses in energy content.

Effects of non-nutritive sucking and oral stimulation on breastfeeding rates for preterm, low birth weight infants: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of non-nutritive sucking and oral stimulation programs on breastfeeding rates at discharge, at 3 and at 6 months of corrected age in preterm infants with very low birth weight. METHODS: Preterm infants were randomized into experimental and control groups. Ninety-eight preterm infants were randomized and 96 remained in the study until reaching the corrected age of 6 months. The experimental group received sensory-motor-oral stimulation and non-nutritive sucking, while infants in the control group received a sham stimulation program. Both were administered from reaching enteral feeding (100 kcal/kg/day) until the beginning of oral feeding. RESULTS: Fifty-nine infants (61.5%) were breastfeeding at the time of hospital discharge, 31 (36.9%) at 3 months, and only 18 (20.5%) at 6 months of corrected age. At discharge, 46.9% of the control group and 76.5% of the experimental group were breastfeeding. There were statistically significant differences between rates of breastfeeding at discharge (47 vs. 76%), 3 months (18 vs. 47%) and 6 months after discharge (10 vs. 27%). The experimental group showed significantly higher rates of breastfeeding (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Non-nutritive sucking, associated with oral stimulation programs, can contribute to the improvement of breastfeeding rates among preterm infants with very low birth weight.

Efeitos da sucção não-nutritiva e da estimulação oral nas taxas de amamentação em recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso ao nascer: um ensaio clínico randomizado / Effects of non-nutritive sucking and oral stimulation on breastfeeding rates for preterm, low birth weight infants: a randomized clinical trial

OBJETIVO: Determinar a influência da sucção não-nutritiva e da estimulação oral nas taxas de amamentação na alta hospitalar, aos 3 meses e 6 meses de idade corrigida em recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso ao nascer. MÉTODOS: Foram randomizados 98 recém-nascidos pré-termo de muito baixo peso ao nascer, e 96 permaneceram no estudo até o 6º mês de idade corrigida. Os recém-nascidos foram randomizados em grupo experimental e grupo controle. O grupo experimental recebeu um programa de estimulação (sucção não-nutritiva associado à estimulação sensório-motora-oral), e o grupo controle, um procedimento simulado a partir do momento em que atingiam alimentação plena até a alimentação oral completa. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que 59 (61,5 por cento) recém-nascidos estavam em amamentação na alta, 31 (32,6 por cento) aos 3 meses e apenas 18 (18,75 por cento) aos 6 meses de idade corrigida. Na alta, 47 por cento dos recém-nascidos do grupo controle e 76 por cento do grupo estimulado estavam em amamentação. Aos 3 meses, 18 por cento do grupo controle e 47 por cento do grupo estimulado continuavam em amamentação, e aos 6 meses, 10 por cento do grupo controle e 27 por cento do grupo estimulado. Houve diferença estatística nos três períodos estudados, favorecendo o grupo estimulado (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo demonstra que a sucção não-nutritiva, associada à estimulação oral, pode contribuir para a melhoria das taxas de amamentação em pré-termos de muito baixo peso ao nascer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of non-nutritive sucking and oral stimulation programs on breastfeeding rates at discharge, at 3 and at 6 months of corrected age in preterm infants with very low birth weight. METHODS: Preterm infants were randomized into experimental and control groups. Ninety-eight preterm infants were randomized and 96 remained in the study until reaching the corrected age of 6 months. The experimental group received sensory-motor-oral stimulation and non-nutritive sucking, while infants in the control group received a sham stimulation program. Both were administered from reaching enteral feeding (100 kcal/kg/day) until the beginning of oral feeding. RESULTS: Fifty-nine infants (61.5 percent) were breastfeeding at the time of hospital discharge, 31 (36.9 percent) at 3 months, and only 18 (20.5 percent) at 6 months of corrected age. At discharge, 46.9 percent of the control group and 76.5 percent of the experimental group were breastfeeding. There were statistically significant differences between rates of breastfeeding at discharge (47 vs. 76 percent), 3 months (18 vs. 47 percent) and 6 months after discharge (10 vs. 27 percent). The experimental group showed significantly higher rates of breastfeeding (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Non-nutritive sucking, associated with oral stimulation programs, can contribute to the improvement of breastfeeding rates among preterm infants with very low birth weight.