Effect of capacitive radiofrequency on the dermis of the abdominal region.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) on sagging skin. This is a case series study with five volunteers who received a single application of capacitive RF (BTL-6000 TR-Therapy Pro®) in the right infraumbilical abdominal region, with epidermal temperature above 40°C, for 10 min (2 min per applicator area), and the skin of the contralateral region was used as control. After 30 days, on average, the skin of the abdominal region was collected for histological analysis and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Picro-sirus, and Verhoff. The percentage of collagen and elastic fibers found was marked by the Image J®. The statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS program (version 20), with a significance level of 95%. This was registered with the ethics and research comitee of UFTM n 3.461.688 on Jul 12, 2019 and clinical trial registration n. NCT04182542, retrospectively registered. Morphometric analysis demonstrated a remodeling of collagen and elastic fibers on the side treated with RF; however, the morphometry for collagen showed no significant difference, with an average percentage of 60.94 ± 0.32 for the control side and 61.97 ± 2.80 for the treated with p=0.32. Similarly, elastic fibers also showed no significant difference between groups, with a mean percentage of 5.67 ± 2.70 for control and 6.21 ± 2.01 for treated with p=0.19. The RF with the parameters used in this study was able to cause morphological changes in collagen and elastic fibers of the abdominal region skin; however, it showed no change in the percentage of these fibers.

HA-1077 inhibits cell migration/invasion of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most malignant lesion occurring in the head and neck. The Rho-kinases (ROCKs), effectors of Rho proteins, are involved in actin cytoskeletal organization, cell migration, and maintenance cortex. The HA-1077 inhibits the ROCKs. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with HA-1077 on cell motility in SCC-4 cells, a cell line originating from human OSCC. F-actin of SCC-4 cells treated or not with HA-1077 (1, 50 and 100 µmol/l), and also HA-1077 50 µmol/l and/or inhibitors Y-27632 30 µmol/l was stained with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin and analyzed by confocal microscopy. Approximately 1×10 cells/well, control and treated with HA-1077 (25, 50, and 100 µmol/l) were added to the migration plate assay. In addition, 1×10 cells/well, control and treated with HA-1077 50 µmol/l, were tested by invasion assays (plate coated with Matrigel). The inhibition of ROCKs with HA-1077 and/or Y-27632 leads to morphological changes, affecting the organization of the actin. The inhibitory effect of HA-1077 (P<0.0001) was dose dependent as the number of cells migrated at 100 µmol/l was statistically different: 25 µmol/l (P<0.0001) and 50 µmol/l (P<0.01). The number of cells treated with HA-1077 50 µmol/l decreased compared with control cells that invaded through Matrigel (P<0.0001). This study shows an inhibitory effect of HA-1077 on cell migration and invasion, suggesting that the use of HA-1077 can be a potential therapy for OSCC.

Comparison of the effects of carboxytherapy and radiofrequency on skin rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: Carboxytherapy (CA) refers to the cutaneous and subcutaneous administration of CO(2) for therapeutic purposes. Radiofrequency (RF) is a method that uses electric current for heating layers of the skin. Both techniques are indicated for the treatment of skin laxity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of CA and RF on human skin. METHODS: After eight patients underwent abdominoplasty, each of them received a single treatment of CA and a single treatment of RF on the right and left infra-umbilical regions, respectively. In the infra-umbilical region, CA was performed on the right and RF was performed on the left side. Untreated skin was used as a control. The sample collection period lasted 120 days. CA was administered at a velocity of 40 mL/min, and the total quantity of CO(2) infused was approximately 20 mL. RF was carried out at a temperature higher than 40°C on the epidermis for 5 min. RESULTS: CA and RF led to collagen remodeling; however, this result was more evident and lasted longer with RF. With CA an increase in elastic fibers was observed, whereas with RF no alteration was observed. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that RF is more efficient than CA in stimulating collagen synthesis.

Effects of microdermabrasion on skin rejuvenation.

BACKGROUND: Microdermabrasion is a surface treatment, noninvasive, which uses a negative pressure and drives programmable inert microcrystals on the skin, causing an exfoliation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of application of microdermabrasion in human skin rejuvenation. METHODS: Eleven women who were undergoing abdominoplasty were considered. An area of 25 cm² in the umbilicus to the right was conditioned with microcrystals of Al2O3 in maximum flow, negative pressure of 200 mmHg and total of 8 past, the left side being used as control. The number of sessions ranged from one to five, with weekly intervals, and timing of sample collection ranged from 0 to 132 days. Samples were fixed in 10% formaldehyde in phosphate buffer and were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: A mild to marked hyperpigmentation was observed and remained for a variable period. Histological findings suggest an improvement in the epidermal layer with increased thickness and reestablishing their interdigitations in the dermis initially observed an increase in collagen synthesis. The analysis showed a late stay of epidermal changes, which did not occur in the dermis. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions and parameters used in this work, the microdermabrasion had a positive skin structure, showing that a viable resource in promoting skin rejuvenation.

Effects of carboxytherapy on skin laxity.

BACKGROUND: Carboxytherapy is capable of inducing tissue repair which results in an increase in elastic and collagen fibers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of carboxytherapy upon human skin collagen and elastic fiber synthesis. METHODS: Case study of nine volunteers who received a single application of carboxytherapy in the left infraumbilical region, with infusion rate of 100 mL/min and 0.6 mL/kg weight over an area of 25 cm2 . After 60 days on average, the skin was collected for histological analysis and stained with picrosirius red for collagen and Verhoeff for elastic fibers. The percentage of fibers found was marked by the Image J® program and recorded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 20), with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: An increase in the collagen and elastic fibers sample was observed in the treated group. Morphometrically, a significant increase in the percentage of collagen in the Carboxytherapy group (41.44 ± 4.50%) was observed compared with the control group (37.44 ± 3.87%) with P = .04; for elastic fibers, the percentage showed no significant difference between the control group (10.55 ± 4.33%) and the carboxytherapy group (10.44 ± 3.71%). CONCLUSIONS: Carboxytherapy with the parameters used in this study was able to stimulate collagen and elastic fiber synthesis, with significant differences in the morphometry for collagen fibers.

Effect of radiofrequency on patellar ligament repair of Wistar rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiofrequency (RF) on patellar ligament repair through the analysis of type I and III collagens and immunostaining for TGF-ß3. To evaluate the effect of RF on patellar ligament repair of Wistar rats, cross-sectional incision (60% of the width - grade I) was performed in patellar ligaments of the groups: lesion (L, n = 7), treated with RF on the 5-day (5RF, n = 7) and 7-day (7RF, n = 7) post injury were compared to control group (C, n = 7). Histological evaluation, immunohistochemistry, morphometry and statistical analysis were performed. At 10 days post injury, ligament rupture were observed only in L. Active fibroblasts, type 3 collagen and TGF-ß3 in L, 5RF and 7RF was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than control (C). Type 1 collagen was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in C than L, 5RF and 7RF. A positive correlation (p < 0.05) was observed: TGF-ß3 vs active fibroblasts and TGF-ß3 vs type 3 collagen; otherwise, negative correlation (p < 0.05): type I collagen vs TGF-ß3. These results suggest that RF seemed to accelerate the wound healing process of the patellar ligament and may be used as a non-invasive treatment of partial ligament injuries.

Depressive behavior induced by social isolation of predisposed female rats.

Depression is a mood disorder that is more prevalent in women and has been closely associated with chronic stress. Many models of depression have been suggested that consider different forms of stress. In fact, stress is present in the life of every human being, but only a few develop depression. Accordingly, it seems wrong to consider all stressed animals to be depressed, emphasizing the importance of predisposition for this mood disorder. Based on this finding, we evaluated a predisposition to depressive behavior of female rats on the forced swim test (FST), and the more immobile the animal was during the FST, the more predisposed to depression it was considered to be. Then, animals were subjected to the stress of social isolation for 21 days and were re-evaluated by the FST. The Predisposed/Isolated rats presented higher immobility times. Once all the rats had prior experience in the FST, we calculated an Index of Increase by Isolation, confirming the previous results. Based on this result, we considered the Predisposed/Isolated group as presenting depressive behavior ('Depressed') and the Nonpredisposed/Nonisolated group as the control group ('Nondepressed'). The animals were distributed into 4 new groups: Nondepressed/Vehicle, Nondepressed/Amitriptyline, Depressed/Vehicle, Depressed/Amitriptyline. After 21 days of treatment, only the Depressed/Vehicle group differed from the other 3 groups, demonstrating the efficacy of amitriptyline in treating the depressive behavior of the Depressed animals, validating the model. This study shows that conducting an FST prior to any manipulation can predict predisposition to depressive behavior in female rats and that the social isolation of predisposed animals for 21 days is effective in inducing depressive behavior. This behavior can be considered real depressive behavior because it takes into account predisposition, chronic mild stress, and the prevalent gender.

Immunolocalization of RhoA and RhoB GTPases in pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid.

The pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid (PA) is characterized by the high tissues diversity. Rho GTPases participate in signal transduction pathways that regulate several biological processes, including cell differentiation. A quantitative analysis of RhoA and RhoB GTPases immunoexpression was performed in healthy parotids and in 23 PA cases, predominantly epithelial (PE) or mesenchymal (PM), followed by Student's t test. In PE cases, RhoA immunoexpression was higher in sheets and trabeculae (p < 0.05), whereas RhoB only in sheets (p < 0.05). In normal parotids, RhoA and RhoB were not detected in acinar cells. Ducts have expressed RhoA and RhoB in normal parotids and PA. RhoB was detected in myxoid and chondromyxoid cells. Normal parotids do not express RhoA and RhoB proteins in acinar cells, indicating a lack of function in secretory cells. Despite RhoA and RhoB GTPases are different in their biological roles, no significant difference in immunoexpression of the RhoA and RhoB GTPases in epithelial and mesenchymal structures of PA.

Impacto da utilização de recursos fisioterapêuticos no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas de diferentes etiologias / Physical therapy resources and its impact treating skin ulcers with different etiologies

Introdução: Úlceras cutâneas são lesões graves que atingem a epiderme e a derme, podendo se estender aos tecidos subjacentes. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da utilização dos recursos fisioterapêuticos sobre a cicatrização e a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com úlcera cutânea de diferentes etiologias. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado, com 20 indivíduos divididos em grupo tratado (GT) e controle (GC), todos receberam cuidados de enfermagem e o GT realizou 20 sessões de fisioterapia duas vezes por semana por dez semanas. Aplicado questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL-BREF e mensuração das úlceras no início e término do tratamento. Resultados: O GT apresentou uma taxa de cicatrização de 52,21 ± 43,58% e o GC 37,96 ± 38,83%, sem diferença estatística. Na QV apenas o GT obteve diferença estatística pré e pós tratamento. Conclusão: Os recursos fisioterapêuticos apresentaram impacto positivo no tratamento de úlceras cutâneas, com melhora na QV. (AU)

Introduction: Skin ulcers are major injuries that affect the epidermis, dermis and may extend to the underlying tissues. Objective: Evaluate the impact of the physical therapy resources on healing and quality of life (QoL) on individuals with cutaneous ulcers of different etiologies. Methods: Randomized clinical trial with 20 individuals, divided into groups: treated (TG) and control (CG). Both received nursing care and the TG received 20 physiotherapy sessions twice a week for ten weeks. Applied the Quality of Life questionnaire WHOQOL-BREF and measurement of ulcers at the beginning and end of the treatment. Results: TG showed a healing rate of 52.21± 43,58% and CG 37.96 ± 38,83%, without statistically significant difference. In the QoL, just TG obtained statistical difference pre and post treatment. Conclusion: Physical therapy resources had a positive impact on the treatment of skin ulcers, with improvement in QoL. (AU)

Correlações entre força de preensão manual e variáveis antropométricas da mão de jovens adultos / Correlations between grip strength and anthropometric variables of young adults'hand

O objetivo do estudo foi correlacionar a força de preensão palmar em diferentes posições de abertura, com variáveis antropométricas da mão. Participaram 73 voluntários de ambos os sexos (40 homens e 33 mulheres), com idade média de 23±4,61 anos. As medidas antropométricas largura da palma, comprimento do dedo indicador, espessura da palma, largura da mão, circunferência da palma e da mão foram realizadas bilateralmente. Para as medidas lineares, utilizou-se um paquímetro digital e, para as medidas de circunferência, a fita métrica. As medidas de força de preensão foram realizadas por meio de um dinamômetro hidráulico (UFTM) Jamar®. Os valores antropométricos foram correlacionados com as medidas de força nas cinco posições de abertura. Os homens e as mulheres tiveram maior força na mão direita e, entre as posições, a maior força dos homens foi na de número 3 (45,5±15,53 kgf) e das mulheres, na de posição 2 (25,5±6,28 kgf). Verificaram-se correlações significativas entre a força e os valores antropométricos nas medidas da largura da mão e circunferência da palma - que representam a maior medida transversal e o maior trofismo da mão, respectivamente, no grupo dos homens e a medida de comprimento do dedo, que representa a maior medida longitudinal no grupo das mulheres. Com isso, pode-se concluir que, para os homens, a maior força está relacionada à maior medida transversal e ao maior trofismo da mão e, para as mulheres, ao maior comprimento longitudinal da mão.

The aim of this study was to correlate the grip strength of hand, in different opening positions, with hand anthropometric measures. The study included 73 volunteers (40 male and 33 female) with mean age of 23±4.61 years old. Anthropometric measures, such as palm width, forefinger length, palm thickness, hand width, palm and hand circumferences, were performed bilaterally. For linear measures, a digital caliper rule was used as well as a tape measure for circumference measures. Grip strength measures were performed by means of a Jamar® hydraulic dynamometer. Anthropometric values were correlated with strength measures in the five positions of the opening. Both men and women had greater strength in the right hand. Regarding the positions, the bigger strength of men was in the number 3 (45.5±15.53 kgf) and that of women in position 2 (25.5±6.28 kgf). Significant correlations were verified among strength and anthropometric values in the hand width measure and palm circumference - that represent the greater transversal measure and the greater throphism of left hand, respectively, in men's group -, and the finger length measure, that represents the greater longitudinal measure in women's group. Thus, it may be concluded that for men the greater strength is related to the greater transversal measure and to the greater throphism of hand, while for women, it is related to the greater longitudinal length of hand.