[Permanent proteins in healthy human's urine in the experiment with 520-day isolation].

Purpose of the study was to track permanent proteins of urine proteome in the 520-day isolation experiment at the IBMP Ground-Based Test Facility with controlled environmental parameters. Object of the investigation was urine sampled from 6 normal male subjects at the age of 25 to 37 years. Second morning aliquots were gathered during baseline data collection, on days 50, 93, 124, 153, 180, 251, 274, 303, 330, 371, 400 and 427 of isolation, and in 7 days after its completion. Samples were subject to chromatography-mass spectrometry; results were analyzed with the help of bioinformatics resources. The following 7 permanent proteins were observed in urine over the entire length of the investigation: epidermal growth factor, polymer immunoglobulin receptor, plasma serine protease inhibitor, protein AMBP, keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1, collagen alpha-1 (vi) chain, serum albumin.

Changes of protein profile of human urine after long-term orbital flights.

We analyzed protein profile of urine samples obtained from 7 Russian cosmonauts (age 35-51 years), participants of space flights on the International Space Station lasting for 169-199 days. Gradient chromatography with linear increase of eluent proportion was carried out in a system consisting of an Agilent 1100 chromatograph (Agilent Technologies Inc.) and a hybrid mass-spectrometer LTQ-FT Ultra (Thermo). The obtained results help to understand changes in the human body induced by space flight factors.

[Possibility to predict cosmonauts' orthostatic tolerance following short-and long-term space flights].

According to the analysis of the data of active and passive orthostatic tolerance (OST) testing before and after 67 short- (SSF) and 53 long-term (LSF) space flights OST declined in all the cosmonauts regardless of flight length. Active testing on R+1 after SSF (7 to 25 d) and LSF (49 to 438 d) attested OST loss by 33% and 48%, respectively. Full OST recovery following SSF and LSF was observed in a week and 1.5-2 months, respectively. A correlation was established (r = 0.81) between the post-flight OST loss and pre-flight baseline value. Depending on whether the pre-flight OST value was very good, good or satisfactory, its loss on R+1 after LSF can make up 20-30%, 30-50% and 55-65%, respectively. Consequently, data of preflight OST testing can be used for prediction of its decline post normal space flight.

[Relationship between the hemodynamic disorders in cosmonauts on short-term space flights and orthostatic stability].

Comparative investigation of the hemodynamic responses of cosmonauts at rest, during occlusive leg plethysmography, and LBNP in relatively short (less than a month) space flights were performed to tie up these measurements with post-landing orthostatic stability (OS). The decreased LBNP tolerance in flight that correlated later on with impaired reactions to both active and passive orthostatic testing are attributed, among other reasons, to deficient vasoconstriction of the main arteries and over-extendibility of veins in the lower extremities. Results of ultrasonic investigations of hemodynamics during LBNP tests before and after space flight and data of leg venous extension in SF can and should be used in predicting cosmonaut's orthostatic status post flight.

[Rearrangement of the hemodynamic mechanisms of orthostatic tolerance of humans on long-term space missions].

Orthostatic tolerance (OT) was evaluated in 25 cosmonauts using the traditional standing test before and after space fights of about six months in length; 15 cosmonauts of this group were also subjected to ultrasonic investigation during the lower body negative pressure test before, during and after long-term SF. Efficiency of the OT vascular mechanisms was gradually falling and stabilized at the end of six-month SF at a level significantly below pre-flight level. Post-flight OT recovery took longer time as compared with short-term SF suggesting more profound shifts in the vascular control system. Ultrasonic monitoring of blood flow along the aorta, medial cerebral artery and femoral artery enabled more comprehensive and reliable evaluation of the vascular tone and circulation control and appeared more informative than the traditional recording of integral indices, i.e. HR and BP.

[Effects of occlusive cuffs "Braslet" on crew hemodynamics in short space flights and orthostatic stability post flight]. / Vliianie perezhimnykh manzhet "Braslet" na izmeneniia gemodinamiki v kratkovremennykh kosmicheskikh poletakh i poslepoletnuiu ortostaticheskuiu ustoichivost' kosmonavtov.

Effects of prophylactic device Braslet (occlusive cuffs wrapped around the calf) on hemodynamics were studied at rest and during the LBNP test during and on orthostatic stability post short (one-month) space flights. The ultrasonic procedure was applied to seven cosmonauts who had and six cosmonauts who had not worn the cuffs while in orbit. The device markedly alleviated the subjective feeling of discomfort caused by blood shift toward the cranial end at the beginning of adaptation to microgravity. Reductions in the central and peripheral hemodynamics, cervico-cephalic venous plethora specifically, were sequel to staying in microgravity. Testing of the hemodynamic reactions to LBNP during and after shortflights failed to discover noticeable deltas among the cosmonauts who had and had not worn the cuffs. The first analysis of objective in- and postflight data did not suggest any determent in orthostatic stability of cosmonauts due to application of the Braslet cuffs.