RESUMO
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is a veterinary pathogen that has seldom been described as an agent of human disease. Features of this probably underreported coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species are depicted here through the description of a graft-versus-host disease-related wound infection caused by a multidrug-resistant strain.
Assuntos
Transplante de Medula Óssea/efeitos adversos , Portador Sadio/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Resistência a Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Idoso , Animais , Cães , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecção dos Ferimentos/microbiologiaRESUMO
We have reported a bacterial infection in a dog with progressive dysplasia of the hips. Orthopedic surgery was performed. Seven weeks prior to the surgery, the patient was bitten by another dog. The postimplantation wound exuded for four days after the surgery. Microbiological analysis performed by standard identification techniques showed the presence of Staphylococcus intermedius, but an additional molecular analysis indicated S. pseudintermedius. This was followed by an evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility of the strain which showed cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, doksycycline, erythromycin, and gentamicin resistance. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for selected antibiotics were reported. Resistance for cefoxitin indicates that methicillin resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains were present in individual macroorganisms, but they can expand and persist the colonization of other hosts.
Assuntos
Artroplastia de Substituição/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/veterinária , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Artroplastia de Substituição/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus/genéticaRESUMO
In veterinary medicine, Staphylococcus aureus is associated with a range of mild to severe infections. The high density of livestock in intensive farming systems increases the risk of disease spread and hampers its control and measures of prevention, making S. aureus one of the most important animal pathogens. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat fingerprinting (MLVF) has been successfully applied to the characterization of livestock-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ST398 but not to the characterization of a wide range of other animal isolates. The objective of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of MLVF for studying S. aureus strains isolated from households, farms and exotic animals in three regions of Poland. MLVF, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD), spa typing and diagnostic microarrays were compared to determine the most suitable combination of methods for veterinary purposes. MLVF generated results consistent with host and geographic origins, reflecting population structures with a high concordance to spa typing results. MLVF has been proven to be a rapid, highly discriminatory and cost-effective method suitable for molecular typing in veterinary settings.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Tipagem Molecular/veterinária , Infecções Estafilocócicas/veterinária , Staphylococcus aureus/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Animais , Animais Exóticos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Gatos/microbiologia , Bovinos/microbiologia , Galinhas/microbiologia , Análise Custo-Benefício , Impressões Digitais de DNA/economia , DNA Bacteriano/análise , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Cães/microbiologia , Equidae/microbiologia , Características da Família , Genótipo , Gado/microbiologia , Análise em Microsséries , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Repetições Minissatélites , Pan troglodytes/microbiologia , Polônia/epidemiologia , Coelhos/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal inhabitant of skin and mucous membranes in nose vestibule but also an important opportunistic pathogen of humans and livestock. The extracellular proteome as a whole constitutes its major virulence determinant; however, the involvement of particular proteins is still relatively poorly understood. In this study, we compared the extracellular proteomes of poultry-derived S. aureus strains exhibiting a virulent (VIR) and non-virulent (NVIR) phenotype in a chicken embryo experimental infection model with the aim to identify proteomic signatures associated with the particular phenotypes. Despite significant heterogeneity within the analyzed proteomes, we identified alpha-haemolysin and bifunctional autolysin as indicators of virulence, whereas glutamylendopeptidase production was characteristic for non-virulent strains. Staphopain C (StpC) was identified in both the VIR and NVIR proteomes and the latter fact contradicted previous findings suggesting its involvement in virulence. By supplementing NVIR, StpC-negative strains with StpC, and comparing the virulence of parental and supplemented strains, we demonstrated that staphopain C alone does not affect staphylococcal virulence in a chicken embryo model.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteoma/análise , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/química , Fatores de Virulência/análise , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Staphylococcus aureus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidadeRESUMO
Genetic methods based on PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) are widely used for microbial species determination. In this study, we present the application of saoC gene as an effective tool for species determination and within-species diversity analysis for Staphylococcus genus. The unique sequence diversity of saoC allows us to apply four restriction enzymes to obtain RFLP patterns, which appear highly distinctive even among closely related species as well as atypical isolates of environmental origin. Such patterns were successfully obtained for 26 species belonging to Staphylococcus genus. What is more, tracing polymorphisms detected by different restriction enzymes allowed for basic phylogeny analysis for Staphylococcus aureus, which is potentially applicable for other staphylococcal species.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Variação Genética , Tipagem Molecular/métodos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Staphylococcus/classificação , Staphylococcus/genética , Genótipo , HumanosRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus infections are of major importance in human and veterinary medicine. Studies of the virulence of this bacterium are complicated by inconsistent results obtained in different animal models. We searched for an uncomplicated and inexpensive model suitable to study virulence of poultry strains of S. aureus using a genome-wide approach. We determined that a useful model would clearly differentiate strains of high and low virulence, and that this would generally correlate with the genetic relatedness among strains. To this end Gallus gallus (chicken) embryo and Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode) models were selected, and their response to challenge by a set of well-characterized Staphylococcus strains was evaluated. The chicken embryo model allowed to determine variation in virulence among strains of poultry and human origin. The survival of embryos ranged from 0% to almost 100% for the various strains. In contrast, variation in virulence of most strains in the nematode model was comparable, regardless of their origin or genotype, demonstrating limited usefulness of this model. Most importantly, a clear correlation was found between the virulence level in the embryo model and the genotype of the tested poultry strains. Our findings indicate the potential usefulness of embryo model for future identification of host-specific adaptations and virulence factors in S. aureus.
Assuntos
Caenorhabditis elegans/microbiologia , Doenças das Aves Domésticas/microbiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Análise por Conglomerados , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Genótipo , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Tipagem Molecular , Análise de Sobrevida , VirulênciaRESUMO
Proteases of Staphylococcus aureus have long been considered to function as important virulence factors, although direct evidence of the role of particular enzymes remains incomplete and elusive. Here, we sought to provide a collective view of the prevalence of extracellular protease genes in genomes of commensal and pathogenic strains of S. aureus and their expression in the course of human and mouse infection. Data on V8 protease, staphopains A and B, aureolysin, and the recently described and poorly characterized group of six Spl proteases are provided. A phylogenetically diverse collection of 167 clinical isolates was analyzed, resulting in the comprehensive genetic survey of the prevalence of protease-encoding genes. No correlation between identified gene patterns with specific infections was established. Humoral response against the proteases of interest was examined in the sera derived from human patients and from a model mouse infection. The analysis suggests that at least some, if not all, tested proteases are expressed and secreted during the course of infection. Overall, the results presented in this study support the hypothesis that the secretory proteases as a group may contribute to the virulence of S. aureus.